Green technology frontiers; Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
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Transcript of Green technology frontiers; Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
GREEN TECHNOLOGY FRONTIERS CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS)
BI, JUNE 21, 2012 Anne Strømmen Lycke, Vice President, Gassnova SF 1
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CONTENTS
• CCS for a better climate • CCS technologies • CCS projects world wide • CCS in Norway • Gassnova SF
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• Third World energy consumption will increase
• Access to energy will provide better living conditions
• The world will be dependent on coal, oil and gas for energy production for decades to come
“Climate change waits for no one”
INCREASED GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION INCREASE IN CO2 EMISSIONS
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• Temperature should not increase by more than two degrees by 2050
• We must succeed in our efforts to capture and store CO2 from both industry and energy production
LIMITING LONG-TERM GLOBAL TEMPERATURE INCREASE
Source :OECD/IEA 2011
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• Combating climate change will not be cheap
• The window of opportunity for achieving the 20C target is starting to close…
CONSEQUENCES OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
Source :OECD/IEA 2011
CCS CAN BECOME A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION!
Source: IEA
Time
Price of carbon
When? • Govt funding • Public/private
partnership
Cost
/t C
O2
BUT THE PRICE OF CARBON MUST INCREASE – AND THE PRICE OF CCS MUST DECREASE
Source: GCCSI
COST OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY POWER
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COMPARING INDUSTRIES IN EUROPE: CCS COST VS TRADE EXPOSURE
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• 2030 and 2050 range of fuel shares in primary energy consumption compared with 2005 outcome (%)
• Carbon Capture and Storage will have to be applied from around 2030 onwards in the power sector in order to reach the decarbonisation targets
EU ROADMAP 2030/2050 - ENERGY MIX EU DECARBONISATION SCENARIOS
Source: EU
“The future of CCS crucially depends on public acceptance and adequate carbon prices”
Graph 1: EU Decarbonisation scenarios - 2030 and 2050 range of fuel shares in primary energy consumption compared with 2005 outcome (in %)
0%
25%
50%
75%
RES Gas Nuclear Oil Solid fuels0%
25%
50%
75%
RES Gas Nuclear Oil Solid fuels
2005
2030 2050
Source: EU energy roadmap 2050
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• With the development of CCS, coal could continue to play an important role in a sustainable and secure energy supply in the future
EU ROADMAP 2030/2050 - INVESTMENTS IN COAL PLANTS TO 2050
LOW CARBON SUPPLY TECHNOLOGIES SCENARIO
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Fossil fuel-fired capacity investments in power generation (GW)
Coal w/o CCS
Coal + CCS
Source: EU energy roadmap 2050
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• Gas will be critical for the transformation of the energy system
• With evolving technologies gas might play an increasing role in the future
EU ROADMAP 2030/2050 - INVESTMENTS IN GAS PLANTS TO 2050 LOW CARBON SUPPLY TECHNOLOGIES SCENARIO
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Fossil fuel-fired capacity investments in power generation (GW)
Gas w/o CCS
Gas + CCS
Source: EU energy roadmap 2050
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CONTENTS
• CCS for a better climate • CCS technologies • CCS projects world wide • CCS in Norway • Gassnova SF
CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE (CCS)
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• CO2 Capture • Power production, industrial sources,
gas conditioning • Transport
• Pipeline or ship • Geological storage
• Onshore or offshore • Saline aquifers or
depleted oil and gas reservoirs
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Capture
Transport
Storage
TECHNOLOGIES FOR CCS ARE AVAILABLE BUT NEED TESTING AT A LARGE AND INTEGRATED SCALE
Source: McKinsey report “CCS – Assessing the economics”; team analysis – adapeted by Gassnova SF
Several projects are operational (e.g., Weyburn (Canada)). EU has limited EOR potential
US has existing CO2 pipeline network of more than 5000 kilometers
Sleipner (Norway) field has been operational for around 10 years
First projects are coming online now
Chemical looping
Oxy-fuel
Post- combustion
Saline aquifers
CO2-EOR
Transport off- shore
Transport On- shore
Membranes Pre-combustion
CO2- EGR
Depleted oil and gas fields
Stage of development
Concept Lab testing Demonstration Commercial refinements needed Commercial
Potential future breakthrough technologies
R&D
MAIN PROCESSES FOR CO2 CAPTURE
Post Combustion
Pre Combustion
Oxy-fuel
Natural gas reforming
Air separation
CO2 Capture Air
Fuel
CO2 Capture
Natural gas
Water
Conden-sation Air
Natural gas
N2
O2
Air H2
Water
Steam and rest air
Rest air and rest CO2
Power station
Power station
Power station
CO2
CO2
CO2
CO2
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• Most mature technologies – Amines
• Aker Clean Carbon, Fluor, Mitsubishi , Alstom, Cansolv (Shell), Toshiba, Powerspan and others
– Chilled ammonia • Alstom
– Amino Acids • Siemens
• Membranes, Chemical looping
POST-COMBUSTION
AMINE PROCESS
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CONTENTS
• CCS for a better climate • CCS technologies • CCS projects world wide • CCS in Norway • Gassnova SF
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LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED PROJECTS OVERWIEV FROM GLOBAL CCS INSTITUTE
Nov, 2011
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• NER300 – New Entry Resources – 300 million EU emission
unit allowances (EUAs) – Recommendation from
EIB to EC Feb 2012 – Decision expected Oct
2012 • European Energy Programme
for Recovery (EEPR) • Joint industry collaborations • UK competition • EEA/Norway grants (EØS-
midler)
PLANNED CCS PROJECTS EUROPE OVERVIEW
Source: GCCSI, 2012
ACTIVE CCS PROJECTS WITH CO2 STORAGE
18.06.2012 21
Kilde: GCCSI, nov 2011
• Storage in an
aquifer
– Snøhvit, Norway
– Sleipner, Norway
– In Salah, Algeria
• EOR
– Widespread in
the US
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MEASURED PROGRESS OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED PROJECTS SINCE 2009
Source: GCCS!, May 2012
• Company/Alliance: – SaskPower (facility owner),
Government of Canada, Government of Saskatchewan and private industry
• Size: 110 MW • Capture Technology:
– Post-combustion (amine) • Coal-fired power plant • Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) • In operation: 2014 (planned)
Boundary Dam, Canada
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• Company/Alliance: – Southern Company
• Size: 582 MW • Capture technology:
– Pre-combustion • Coal-fired power plant • Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) • In operation: 2014 (planned)
KEMPER, MISSISSIPPI, USA
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• Company/Alliance: – Southern Company
• Size: 25 MW (150 kt CO2/y) • Capture technology:
– Post-combustion (amine) • Coal-fired power plant • CO2 stored in geological
formation • In operation: Since June 2011
PLANT BARRY, ALABAMA, USA
Soure: Southern Company
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CONTENTS
• CCS for a better climate • CCS technologies • CCS projects world wide • CCS in Norway • Gassnova SF
• Financial resources
• Technical competence and resources
• Fossil fuels and Norwegian gas export sustainable in the long term
NORWAY PUNCHING ABOVE ITS WEIGHT IN CCS
Photo: StatoilHydro
SLEIPNER: 16 YRS OF SUB SEA BED CO2 STORAGE
CCS FOR A BETTER CLIMATE
R&D and tech. verification
Acceptance in society
Early CCS Demo
Framework conditions
Reduced cost and risk
International deployment
Functioning market
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CONTENTS
• CCS for a better climate • CCS technologies • CCS projects world wide • CCS in Norway • Gassnova SF
CLIMIT: Research and development program – Support for technology development
Asset management
– CCS demo projects – Ensure that the State utilises the resources in the
best possible manner
Advisor to the authorities
GASSNOVA SF THE NORWEGIAN STATE ENTERPRISE FOR CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
ASSET MANAGEMENT • CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM)
– A world class industrial scale centre for testing of carbon capture technology
• Full-scale CCS at Mongstad – Realisation of a complete value chain for CO2
capture, transport and storage • Norwegian CCS Study
– Assessment of potential full scale CCS-projects in Norway beyond Mongstad
Mongstad
CO2 TECHNOLOGY CENTRE MONGSTAD AMBITIONS
• Verify CO2 capture technology owned by vendors
• Reduce cost and risk • Development of market • International deployment
Photo 20 April 2012
• Two technologies - Aker Clean Carbon - Alstom
• Two flue gas sources • 100 000 tonnes CO2/y
75.12% 20% 2.44% 2.44%
CO2 TECHNOLOGY CENTRE MONGSTAD (TCM)
TCM opening 7th May 2012
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FULL-SCALE CCS AT MONGSTAD
• 2006: Agreement between Norwegian state and Statoil • Full-scale CO2 capture from a combined heat and power (CHP) plant • Storting Report No. 9 (2010-2011)“Fullskala CO2-håndtering” • Phase 1: Technology qualification programme
– A thorough review of various technologies with regards to HSE, energy efficiency, scale-up etc
– Close cooperation with the technology suppliers – There must be no new environmental problems as a result of CO2
technologies that are developed – Basis for concept selection 2014
• Phase 2: Pre engineering – New competition open for all qualified technology suppliers – Basis for investment decision 2016
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• Five technology suppliers have been selected to participate in the technology qualification programme – Amine technologies:
• Aker Clean Carbon, Mitsubishi, Powerspan /Huaneng Clean Research Institute
– Chilled ammonia technology: • Alstom
– Amino acid salt technology: • Siemens
FULL-SCALE CCS AT MONGSTAD POST-COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
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• Solution for transportation and storage of CO2 should be ready in time for start-up of the planned full-scale facility
• At the Norwegian continental shelf
• CO2 transported by pipeline
• CO2 stored in saline aquifer
TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
CO2 FROM MONGSTAD
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PROCESS FOR ESTABLISHING CO2 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
Nomination of potential storage
locations Five locations nominated within
the deadline 4. October 2011
Announcement of areas
OED is considering announcing areas for exploration of subsea
reservoirs for storage of CO2 - based on the nomination and NPD’s «storage atlas»
Establish partnership Organize the partnership
for engineering, execution and operation similar to the petroleum
industry
CCS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
Research
Development
Demonstration
Pre-commercial
Commercial
- CLIMIT-programme (Gassnova and NFR) • From 2005 • Government funding • Whole chain – Capture-Transport-Storage • Fossil fuel, industrial use • € 22 mill per year € 40 mill activity
- CO2 Technology Centre Mongstad – TCM • In operation May / 2012 • Appr. 6 MNOK
- CCS from CHP at Mongstad
-Nomination of areas for storage of CO2
Research
Development
Demonstration
Pre-commercial
Commercial
Area Capture Transport Storage Main challenge Cost Assurance
Focus areas
Post-combustion Pre combustion
Oxyfuel Disruptive technology
Pipeline Ship
CO2 impurities Procedures
Injection Simulation Monitoring Procedures
CLIMIT - TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES
Objective: Controlled surface migration experiments: • Determine the sensitivity of monitoring systems
• Test & calibrate migration models
• Asses monitoring systems
• Inform public about injection of CO2
EXAMPLE CLIMIT PROJECT: CO2 FIELD LABORATORY
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• Expertise in CSS • Adviser to the Ministry
– We always provide independent and professional advice, based on our overall expertise
• Knowledge sharing
ADVISE AND INFORMATION
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• CCS is required to combat climate change • CCS can be competitive with technology developments and reduction in
costs • Regulatory framework and economic incentives are required
IN CONCLUSION
Thank you for your attention
www.gassnova.no
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Copyright of all published material including photographs, drawings and
images in this document remains vested in Gassnova SF. Accordingly, neither the whole nor any part of this document shall be reproduced in any form nor used in any manner without express prior permission and applicable acknowledgements. No trademark, copyright or other notice shall be altered or removed from any reproduction.