Green Software and Green

Software Engineering –

Definitions, Measurements, and

Quality Aspects

Eva Kern, Markus Dick,

Stefan Naumann,

Achim Guldner, Timo Johann

First International Conference on ICT for Sustainability, Zurich 2013

2

Outline

I. A Generic Model for Sustainable Software Engineering

II. Possible Quality Aspects for Green Software

III. How to Measure Green Software

IV. Challenges

3

59,6% 60,7%62,5% 61,3%

12,3%12,1%

10,9%10,4%16,5%

16,4%

16,4%18,5%

11,6%10,8%

10,3%

9,8%

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

2007 2010 2015 2020

Str

om

verb

rauch in G

Wh p

ro J

ahr

Prognose des IKT-Strombedarfs in Deutschland bis 2020(Prozentualer Anteil nach Sektoren)

Netzzugang und Kernnetz

Server und Rechenzentren

Endgeräte in Unternehmen

Endgeräte in Haushalten

Motivation 1: Energy Consumption of ICT is still increasing

Datenquelle: Fraunhofer IZM; Fraunhofer ISI (2009): Abschätzung des Energiebedarfs der weiteren Entwicklung der Informationsgesellschaft, S. 115

4

ENERGY STAR® is a registered mark owned by the US government

Motivation 2: An Energy Label for Software is missing!

5

What is Sustainable Software Engineering?

“Sustainable Software Engineering is the art of

defining and developing software products in a way so that

negative and positive impacts on sustainability that

result or are expected to result from the software product

over its whole lifecycle

are continuously assessed, documented and optimized”

II. A Generic Model for Green and

Sustainable Software Engineering

7

The

GREENSOFT

Model

8

Overview of a GSE-Process Model

4 Px

III. Possible Quality Aspects for Green

Software

10

Quality Model Green and Sustainable

Software

Reflectivity

Feasibility

Efficiency

Product Sustainability

Portability

Carbon Footprint

Energy consumption

Travel

Waste

Energy Efficiency

CPU-Intensity

Memory Usage

Peripheral Intensity

Idleness

Hardware Obsolescence

Fit for Purpose

Reduction

Beauty

Common Criteria

Runtime efficiency

Indirectly related Criteria

Further research

necessary

Directly related Criteria

Framework Entropy

Functional TypesNumbers of

Methods

Infrastructure

Adaptability

Social Aspects

Accessibility

Usability

Organization Sustainability

Quality Model of Green & Sustainable Software

III. How to Measure Green Software

12

13

Measuring Joomla: with vs. without HTML Caching

IV. Challenges

15

Visualizing of Energy & Web: Green Power Indicator

A tool to visualize the power quality of a website

For users in the life cycle phase usage/maintanance

Visualization to create awareness

16

Challenges

What is energy-efficient Software?

We need reproducible metrics and measurements, and

we need energy-aware software architectures!

How can we produce energy-efficient Software?

We need process models which contain “green” ideas!

How can we reinforce energy-efficient Software?

customer requirements, norms, certificates, teaching …

17

Thank you for your attention!

Feel free to contact us:

Eva Kern, Stefan Naumann {e.kern|s.naumann}@umwelt-campus.de

Trier University of Applied Sciences

Environmental Campus Birkenfeld

Institute for Software Systems

Germany

greensoft@umwelt-campus.de

http://www.green-software-engineering.de/Ref.-No. 17N1209