Green Mobile Communications
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Transcript of Green Mobile Communications
A joint project between
GMC
Green Mobile Communications
A joint project between
Auroville & IIIT, Bangalore
In partnership with
Telecom Centers of Excellence
Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research
TCOE, JIPMER and Pondicherry Engineering College
Agenda
• Introduction
• Concerns about EMR
• Motivation for GMC
• GMC Zone at Auroville• GMC Zone at Auroville
• Coverage and deployment
• Specifications and goals
• Stake holders
• Concluding remarks
26 July 2011 2
Wireless miracle?
26 July 2011 3
Electromagnetic Radiation
• Cell Towers– Safe limit for radiation
– Cell size
• Cell phones• Cell phones– Radiated power ( proportional to R2)
– Proximity
• Electromagnetic pollution – Depends on the total energy from BTS and cell
phones: function of safe limit/cell size, BTS, active
cell phones, range and call duration
26 July 2011 4
Safe exposure limits of EMRμW/m2 Source
O
U
T
D
O
4,700,000 ICNIRP 1998
1,000 Austria
1,000 BioInitiative Working Group (2007)
170 Seletun Consensus Statement (2010)O
O
R
10 Health Department , Salzburg (2002)
I
N
100 BioInitiative Working Group (2007)
1 Health Department , Salzburg (2002)
< 0.1 Building Biology /’No concern’
Sleeping areas (2008)
26 July 2011 5
Increasing concerns about EMR
• 1998, ICNIRP - No long term effects
•2010, Inter Ministerial Committee - Current
limits not sufficiently protective of public health
• May 2011, Council of Europe - Reconsider the • May 2011, Council of Europe - Reconsider the
scientific basis and apply precautionary
principle, Protect children, Potentially harmful
to environment
• May 2011, WHO- Possibly carcinogenic to
humans (Group 2B)26 July 2011 6
Carbon foot print
• As per TRAI Consultation paper 3 Feb 2011,
the carbon foot print due to the electrical
power and diesel generators used for cell
towers used is estimated to be 13 million towers used is estimated to be 13 million
tons.
• The cost is ~ Rs15,000 crores
• Mobile towers are expected to double in the
coming 5-7 years
26 July 2011 7
Why GMC?
• Beyond carbon footprint
• Apply ‘Precautionary Principle’ to EMR in
experimenting with ‘safe limits’
• Minimize electromagnetic pollution • Minimize electromagnetic pollution
• Practical research in electromagnetic pollution
26 July 2011 8
Goals of GMC
• Provide basic mobile communication services
while addressing all factors contributing to
electromagnetic pollution.
• Reduce cell size down to 0.5 – 1 Km (20 to • Reduce cell size down to 0.5 – 1 Km (20 to
30dB)
• Reduce over-the-public-air radiated energy
– Public /private air spaces (10 to30 dB)
– Strategies to reduce call density and energy
26 July 2011 9
Approach• Lower limits of EMR, in a phased manner, and
eventually operate at levels considered to be
‘completely safe’ for humans, flora and fauna.
• Use Solar/Fuel Cell Power to minimize carbon foot
printprint
• Practical research
– Modeling, reducing and minimizing EM pollution
– Quantify health of the population, flora and fauna in GMC
zone as a control group
– Transparently record, monitor, analyze and publish results
objectively and credibly.
26 July 2011 10
GMC Target Specifications
Phase Radiation limits in micro Watts/ m2
Outdoor Indoor
1 100 10
2* 10 12* 10 1
3* 1 0.1
26 July 2011 11
* Review specs for phase 2 and 3 after phase 1
Link Budget
• Free space model
• Pt=50mW
• 1 Km Max Range
• -102dBm Rx sensitivity
• 20 dB losses
µW/m2µW/m2µW/m2
µW/m2
26 July 2011 12
• 20 dB losses
• 10 dB link margin
Received signal is 13dB
above the receiver
sensitivity at 1KmMeters
GMC Architecture
SIP ServerIP Phones
CAN
26 July 2011 13
Service ProviderPSTN POTS Exchange
Mobile Switch
& BSC
Mobile
PhonesPLMN
CAN
Femto/pico
cells
Phones
Low Power
BTS
Auroville
Founded by The Mother in 1968
International city of human unity
• Goals
� Human Unity
� Education, Spiritual & Material
Research
14
Research
� Integral Development
• UNESCO endorsed the goals and
directions on many occasions
• Current population 2,250 from 46
countries; projected to grow to
50,000 by 2025
26 July 2011
1968
15
2010
16
Eco friendly transportation
Renewable Energy
Solar cooker
18
Initiatives to reduce EMR
• Highly EMR conscious society as part of the
commitment to sustainable development
• Green Waves (Radiation Awareness Group)
• Prevented installation of antennas in the • Prevented installation of antennas in the
township area till November 2010
• ICITI (Integrated Communications and IT
Infrastructure) – convergence, eco-
friendliness, ICT4D to reverse urban migration
• Annular shape caters to ‘buffer zone’26 July 2011 19
INTERNETDSLAM BSNL
ExchangeCore 10G
Distribution 1G
Servers
Router
Mobile Switch
ICITI Architecture
PSTN
PLMN
SIP Server
Access 100M
20
Bioregion
26 July 2011
Required Coverage
Deployment
26 July 2011 22
Partnerships
• International Institute of Information
Technology, Bangalore
• Pondicherry Engineering College
• Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Post Graduate • Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Post Graduate
Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry
• Pondicherry University
• Low Power GSM Equipment vendor (VNL)
• Centre for Scientific Research
• Telecom Centers of Excellence
26 July 2011 23
Challenges in wider deployment
• Increase in number of BTS
– Equipment cost, Cell sites, Aesthetics
• Wired backhaul
• Mini cell handover and QoS
26 July 2011 24
• Mini cell handover and QoS
• New sites may be easier
• Timeline issues (?) as public health issues are
involved
Grey areas
• Shared infrastructure to reduce capital cost as
well as EM pollution
• Roaming
• Workable and cost effective convergence
26 July 2011 25
• Workable and cost effective convergence
solution
What GMC Needs
• Recognize and endorse the goals & objectives
• A cooperative model with all stake holders
leading to formulation of Auroville as a pilot
GMC Zone with phase 1 specs
26 July 2011 26
GMC Zone with phase 1 specs
• Partnership with a service provider
• ICITI as a platform for convergence
• Funding
Conclusion
• A unique, timely, ‘True Green’ Mobile
Communications Zone to address health and
environmental concerns & demonstrate that
mobile communications can be provided with
26 July 2011 27
mobile communications can be provided with
low electromagnetic & carbon footprints
• Experimental research in the field of EM
pollution and share the knowledge/wisdom
• First phase cost ~ Rs 1.25 crores
THANK YOU
26 July 2011 28
THANK YOU