Green Leases: Evolving Legal Issues for Commercial...

Green Leases: Evolving Legal Issues for Commercial Landlords and Tenants

presentsNegotiating and Crafting Environmentally Friendly Lease Terms

presents

A Live 90-Minute Teleconference/Webinar with Interactive Q&AToday's panel features:

Louise C. Adamson, LEED-AP ID&C, Partner, K&L Gates, San FranciscoRonald B. Grais, Partner, Jenner & Block, Chicago

Jacob Bart, Partner, Stroock & Stroock & Lavan, New York

Thursday, March 4, 2010

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Green Tenant Leases

G L L l C id ti f C i l Green Leases: Legal Considerations for Commercial Landlords and Tenants

March 4, 2010

Louise C Adamson LEED® AP ID&CLouise C. Adamson LEED®-AP ID&CPartnerSan [email protected]© 2010 Louise C. Adamson

Corporate Perspectives on SustainabilityCorporate Perspectives on Sustainability A 2008 global survey of over 400 building occupiers prepared

by Jones Lang LaSalle and CoreNet shows that 90% of corporate occupiers surveyed consider sustainability a near-corporate occupiers surveyed consider sustainability a nearterm critical business issue

Most major corporations have now developed public sustainability policy statementssusta ab ty po cy state e ts

Opportunities: lower rents; landlord concessions Sustainability has become part of the corporate vernacular

and remains a high priority and remains a high priority 2009 CoreNet study shows 42% of real estate execs prepared to pay a

premium (up to 5%) to lease green space; 53% willing to pay premium to retrofit owned property

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Global Trends in Sustainable Real Estate: An Occupier’s Perspective. Jones Lang LaSalle/CoreNet, Feb 2008;Global Trends in Sustainable Real Estate: An Occupier’s Perspective. Jones Lang LaSalle/CoreNet, Feb 2008;BOMA Kingsley Quarterly, 2007; 2009 State of the Corporate Real Estate Industry Report. CoreNet Global, Mar 2009BOMA Kingsley Quarterly, 2007; 2009 State of the Corporate Real Estate Industry Report. CoreNet Global, Mar 2009

When will sustainability become a critical business When will sustainability become a critical business issue?issue?

More than 5 years 5%

Within 5Never 1%

Within 3 years 11%

Within 5 years 4%

Already critical 44%

years 11%

Within 1-2 years35%

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How important are each of the following to your How important are each of the following to your organization?organization?gg

75%

77%

Energy utilization

Environmentalfriendly practices

70%

75%

Corporate socialresponsibility

Energy utilization

62%

63%

Water utilization

Sustainabilityrevenue

52%Carbon emissions

4

ImplementationImplementation For many corporations, sustainability is an area far

removed from primary business

Many corporations implementing a variety of environmental initiatives – energy saving, waste management, alternative transportation – in an effort to management, alternative transportation in an effort to meet announced corporate sustainability goals

Green leases provide corporations that are tenants with Green leases provide corporations that are tenants with a valuable opportunity to implement sustainability goals and to communicate that achievement to the market through LEED certification

5

g

What does “green” mean?What does “green” mean?

Green building is . . .Green building is . . .

a collection of land use a collection of land use . . . a collection of land use, . . . a collection of land use, building design, building design, construction, operations, construction, operations, and maintenance and maintenance and maintenance and maintenance strategies that are strategies that are designed to reduce designed to reduce energy consumption, energy consumption, gy p ,gy p ,promote occupant health, promote occupant health, and protect the and protect the environmentenvironment

6

What is the LEEDWhat is the LEED®® Green Building Rating SystemGreen Building Rating System™™??LEED is an acronym for “Leadership in Energy And LEED is an acronym for Leadership in Energy And Environmental Design”. The LEED Green Building Rating System is promulgated by the US Green Building Council

LEED has become the established

LEED is designed to guide the development of

as beco e e es ab s edindustry benchmark for the certification of sustainable building projects

the development of high performance sustainable building projects; “points” are accrued for i l i f ffi i The mission of LEED is to encourage implementation of efficiency and design measures; certification awarded basedon number of points earned

The mission of LEED is to encourage the global adoption of sustainable green building and development practices

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on number of points earned

Environmental impacts of buildingsEnvironmental impacts of buildings

U.S. Building Impacts

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U.S. Dept. Energy 2008

Green BuildingsGreen Buildings

USE 24% to 50% less energy

EMIT 33% t 39% l b di id i t th EMIT 33% to 39% less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

USE USE 40% less water

SEND 70% less solid waste to landfills and incinerators

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U.S. Green Building Council

USGBC Rating System PortfolioUSGBC Rating System Portfolio

LEED Rating System

Portfolio

LEED for NewConstruction &

Major Renovations

LEED for Existing BuildingsOperations & Mgmt

LEED for Interior Design &

Construction

LEED forCore & Shell

LEED for Neighborhood Development

10'USGBC' and related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council

LEED forRetail: New

Construction

LEED for Schools

LEED for Homes

LEED for Healthcare

LEED ID&C certification is awarded at the following LEED ID&C certification is awarded at the following levels:levels:

CERTIFIEDCERTIFIED 4040--49 points49 pointsSILVERSILVER 5050 59 i t59 i t SILVERSILVER 5050--59 points59 points

GOLD GOLD 6060--79 points79 points PLATINUMPLATINUM 80 points and above80 points and above PLATINUMPLATINUM 80 points and above80 points and above 7 “must7 “must--have” prerequisites. Balance of credits have” prerequisites. Balance of credits

selected on “pick and choose” basis across various selected on “pick and choose” basis across various

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categories categories

'USGBC' and related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council

LEED for Interior Design and ConstructionLEED for Interior Design and Construction

Certification for the tenant build-out is covered by LEED for Green Interior Design and Construction LEED-ID&C (formerly LEED-CI) which is premises-based NOT (formerly LEED-CI) which is premises-based NOT building-based

Recognizes that tenant will typically have limited ability to control or leverage landlord behavior and requires the implementation of sustainable practices within the premises ONLY

LEED ID&C is all about the art of the do able!

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LEED-ID&C is all about the art of the do-able!

LEEDLEED--ID&CID&C

LEEDLEED--ID&C addresses performance in the following ID&C addresses performance in the following categories:categories:

Sustainable SitesSustainable Sites Water EfficiencyWater EfficiencyWater EfficiencyWater Efficiency Energy & AtmosphereEnergy & Atmosphere Materials & ResourcesMaterials & Resources Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation in DesignInnovation in Design Regional PriorityRegional Priority

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Why pursue LEEDWhy pursue LEED--ID&C certification or locate in a ID&C certification or locate in a LEEDLEED--certified building?certified building?

Opportunity and incentive toOpportunity and incentive toimplement environmentally implement environmentally sustainable practicessustainable practices

gg

sustainable practicessustainable practices

Improved bottom line; Improved bottom line; increased occupant increased occupant wellwell--being and productivity; being and productivity; reduced absenteeism; qualifyreduced absenteeism; qualify

Valuable opportunity to Valuable opportunity to communicate commitment communicate commitment to responsible environmental to responsible environmental stewardship to the marketplacestewardship to the marketplacereduced absenteeism; qualifyreduced absenteeism; qualify

for growing array of for growing array of state/local initiativesstate/local initiatives

stewardship to the marketplace, stewardship to the marketplace, employees, community and employees, community and shareholdersshareholders

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Client Case StudyClient Case Study

Assignment was to “green” standard multi-tenant lease form f F t 100 ith 22 illi ft tf li (56% for Fortune 100 company with 22 million sq. ft portfolio (56% owned, 44% leased)

No “green” tenant leases existedg Not simply a matter of plugging in a few green provisions into

the lease form (“green washing”) Requires identification and communication of sustainability Requires identification and communication of sustainability

goals from very start of building selection and lease negotiation processes

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Client Case Study Client Case Study (continued)

Input received from all members of the client transaction team

Developed a unique green lease program that integrates sustainability in a holistic way starting with site selection and continuing through RFP LOI and leasecontinuing through RFP, LOI and lease

Differentiator: Lease tracks LEED-ID&C requirements so that lease itself facilitates certification of the premises on a stand-lease itself facilitates certification of the premises on a stand-alone basis (regardless of typically uncertified status of building)

Client has adopted new green lease forms and pursuit of LEED

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Client has adopted new green lease forms and pursuit of LEED certification is now default assumption for new leases

Elements of Elements of Green Leasing ProgramGreen Leasing Programg gg g

1. Development of sustainability goals2. Communication of goals to teamg3. Site selection guidelines (informed by LEED reqs)

4. Request for Proposal (include LEED questionnaire)q p5. Letter of Intent (include a Sustainability Standards exhibit)

6. Lease (incorporate green lease terms that track LEED-ID&C requirements

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Green Leasing ProgramGreen Leasing ProgramTraditionalTraditional

Site SelectionSite Selection

RFPRFP

LOILOI

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LeaseLease

Green Leasing ProgramGreen Leasing ProgramTraditionalTraditional “Green Washing”“Green Washing”

Site SelectionSite Selection Site SelectionSite Selection

RFPRFP RFPRFP

LOILOI LOILOI

L

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LeaseLeaseLease

With Plug-inGreen Terms

Green Leasing ProgramGreen Leasing ProgramTraditionalTraditional

Establish

Green LeaseGreen Lease

sustainability goals

Communicate goalsto team

Site SelectionSite Selection Site Selectionwith LEED parameters

to team

RFPRFP RFP withLEED questionnaire

LOILOI Letter of IntentCore green business terms

G L

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LeaseLeaseGreen Lease

Incorporates green policytracks LEED-ID&C

Establish sustainability goalsEstablish sustainability goals

Sustainability objectives identified; green policy Sustainability objectives identified; green policy statement developedstatement developed

Typically includes energy and water use, waste Typically includes energy and water use, waste minimization materials recycling alternative minimization materials recycling alternative minimization, materials recycling, alternative minimization, materials recycling, alternative transportationtransportation

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Communication of Sustainability Goals Communication of Sustainability Goals to Teamto Teamto Teamto Team

Communication of sustainability objectives to ALL Communication of sustainability objectives to ALL parties participating in the leasing process is key parties participating in the leasing process is key ––i l d b k l dl d hit t t t i l d b k l dl d hit t t t includes brokers, landlords, architects, contractors includes brokers, landlords, architects, contractors and attorneys, many of whom may have a limited and attorneys, many of whom may have a limited understanding of green building practices understanding of green building practices g g g pg g g p

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Site Selection ChecklistSite Selection Checklist

Site selection checklist – sustainability criteria

LEED encourages selection of premises located within buildings that implement sustainability best practices (e.g. LEED certified p y p ( g

building or building that incorporates sustainable features) are located in areas of maximum density in established urban

communities with access to public transportp p

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RFP Includes LEED QuestionnaireRFP Includes LEED Questionnaire “Green” RFP sets out core sustainability requirements AND Green RFP sets out core sustainability requirements AND

solicits green information by including a separate LEED questionnaire

Responses to LEED questionnaire allow tenant to compare the green characteristics of buildings and assess potential for g g pcertification in a given market

Don’t want to “spook” potential landlords but important to Don t want to spook potential landlords but important to realistically assess sustainability potential of particular building, including potential for LEED or other sustainability certification early in process

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certification, early in process

Letter of IntentLetter of Intent

Sustainability Standards Checklist included as an exhibit to LOI Provides a comprehensive summary of LEED and

other sustainability standards which can be tailored to each transactioneach transaction

Not all standards included in checklist will be applicable to every transaction

Negotiated sustainability standards are incorporated i LOI hibi hi h i h h d L

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into LOI exhibit which is then attached to Lease

Letter of Intent Letter of Intent (continued)

If seeking LEED certification, Sustainability Standards should include LEED prerequisites together with additional optional points needed to together with additional optional points needed to achieve desired level of certification

Sustainability Standards Checklist annotated to show which are the “must have” LEED prerequisites and which provide optional creditsand which provide optional credits

Other certification standards (EnergyStar, etc.)

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( gy )

Green Lease Program Elements

Sustainable Sites checklist RFP (include sustainability questionnaire)

LOI (include Sustainability Standards checklist)

L Lease (include Sustainability Standards exhibit)

Guide to Green Lease Forms – summary of forms and how they work; explanation of specific green provisionshow they work; explanation of specific green provisions

Training/workshop

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Structure to be Flexible and Adaptable

Green lease may not be feasible for every Green lease may not be feasible for every t ti t ti transaction transaction

Highlight green provisions Highlight green provisions “OPTIONAL (Sustainability Initiative”)OPTIONAL (Sustainability Initiative )

Structure forms to work on a standStructure forms to work on a stand--alone basis in alone basis in both “green” and “nonboth “green” and “non--green” modesgreen” modesgg gg

Green provisions and exhibits can be used as a Green provisions and exhibits can be used as a drafting guide when using landlord formsdrafting guide when using landlord forms

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Green Lease is Low Hanging FruitGreen Lease is Low Hanging Fruit

Opportunity to implement sustainability goals Facilitates LEED certification for premises (tenant p (

build-out) by tracking and incorporating LEED-ID&C credits

Certification for the premises can be obtained regardless of the typically uncertified status of the buildingthe building

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Certification is highly achievable because based on implementation of measures within premises only

Certification is inexpensive basic/silver level certification highly achievable at little

or no cost significant cost savings and other personnel significant cost savings and other personnel

performance and well-being benefits over lease term

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Take AwaysTake AwaysGreen leases provide innovative, highly achievable,

and valuable opportunity to:

implement sustainable practices implement sustainable practices

meet sustainability goals meet sustainability goals

communicate achievement to the market through communicate achievement to the market through communicate achievement to the market through communicate achievement to the market through LEED certificationLEED certification

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Take Aways

Effective green lease program should be:Effective green lease program should be:

holistic and comprehensive – documents incorporate green concepts throughout the lease negotiation process

flexible – can be used in green and non-green mode

adaptable – can be used as drafting guide to revise and adaptable – can be used as drafting guide to revise and supplement existing forms when landlord forms must be used

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Green Lease Resources

Green Office Guide: Integrating LEED into Your Leasing Process – US Green Building Council (USGBC), 2009 (tenant oriented)(tenant oriented) Comprehensive manual designed to assist tenants green the

leasing process Addresses site selection, negotiations, lease language, build-, g , g g ,

out, ongoing operations Lease Guide: Guide to Writing a Commercial Real Estate

Lease – Building Owners and Managers Assoc. Int. (BOMA), 2008 (landlord oriented) Form of commercial lease agreement that includes green

provisions

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Louise C. AdamsonLouise C. AdamsonLEEDLEED®®--AP ID&CAP ID&C

PartnerPartnerSan FranciscoSan Francisco

L i Ad @kl tL i Ad @kl [email protected]@klgates.com

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Green Leases: Evolving Legal Issues for Commercial Landlords and Tenants

Negotiating and Crafting Environmentally Friendly Lease Terms

March 4 2010March 4, 2010

Ronald B GraisRonald B. GraisJenner & Block LLP

353 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60645Tel (312) 923-2810 • Fax (312) 923-2910

[email protected]@jenner.com

Where Do You Put the Green in the Lease?Where Do You Put the Green in the Lease?• Building Use

• Rental Structure & Operating Expenses –Pass Throughs

• Services and Utilities• Services and Utilities

• Hazardous Materials

• Work Letter –Contractor Rules and Regulations

Building Rules and Regulations• Building Rules and Regulations

Green Leases: Evolving Legal Issues for Commercial Landlords and Tenant 2

Environmental Performance ObjectiveEnvironmental Performance Objective


Schedule “E” Schedule E Environmental Management Plan

Section 1 ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVESSection 1 — ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES

1.1 Context

Th i i f thi E i t l M t Pl h b d i d t • The provisions of this Environmental Management Plan have been designed to encourage and promote the implementation of certain environmental objectives on the part of each of the Landlord and the Tenant. Subject to Section 4.1 of the Schedule “E”, a breach by either the Landlord or the Tenant of any of the provisions Schedule E , a breach by either the Landlord or the Tenant of any of the provisions of this Environmental Management Plan on the part of either the Landlord or the Tenant to be observed or performed, as the case may be, shall not constitute a default under this Lease, but the party committing such breach agrees, to the extent possible under the circumstances to use commercially reasonable efforts to copossible under the circumstances, to use commercially reasonable efforts to co-operate with the other party to remedy such breach.

REALpac National Standard Green Office Lease for Single-Building Projects – 1.01 – 2008


General Objectives General Objectives • The Tenant acknowledges the Landlord’s intention to operate the

Building so as to provide for:Building so as to provide for:– a comfortable, productive and healthy indoor environment;– reduced energy use and reduced production, both direct and indirect, of Greenhouse

Gases;– reduced use of potable water and the use of recycled water where appropriate;– the effective diversion of construction, demolition, and land-clearing waste from landfill

and incineration disposal, and the recycling of tenant waste streams;th f l i d t tifi d i d ith E L M (C d ) G – the use of cleaning products certified in accordance with EcoLogoM (Canada), Green SealTM (United States) or equivalent standards;

– the facilitation of alternate transportation options for individuals attending at the Building; – furniture and improvements within the Building and individual tenant premises; andp g p ;– the achievement of such other more specific targets as may be set out in Section 1.3

below.REALpac National Standard Green Office Lease for Single-Building Projects – 1.01 – 2008


5.01 Environmental Performance Objective5.01 Environmental Performance ObjectiveThe parties agree it is in their mutual best interest that the Building and Premises be operated and maintained in a manner that is environmentally responsible fiscally prudent and provides

5.01.1 The Tenant shall conduct its operations in the Building and within the Premises to minimize: (i) direct and indirect energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions;

and maintained in a manner that is environmentally responsible, fiscally prudent, and provides a safe and productive work environment.

minimize: (i) direct and indirect energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) water consumption; (iii) the amount of material entering the waste stream; (iv) negative impacts upon the indoor air quality of the Building and the Premises.

5 01 2 The Landlord shall operate and maintain the Building and the Premises to minimize: 5.01.2 The Landlord shall operate and maintain the Building and the Premises to minimize: (i) direct and indirect energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) water consumption; (iii) the amount of material entering the waste stream; (iv) negative impacts upon the indoor air quality of the Building and the Premises.

5.01.3 The Landlord shall use its reasonable efforts to cause other tenants of the Building to conduct their operations in the Building and their premises in conformity with the Environmental Performance Objective

Model Green Lease Project - www.squarefootage.net


j q g

Section 6.3 Sustainable Building Operationsg p(a) This building is or may become in the future [certified under the Green Building

Initiative’s Green GlobesTM for Continual Improvement of Existing Buildings (G Gl b TM CIEB) th U S G B ildi C il’ L d hi i E (Green GlobesTM-CIEB), the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, or ______ standard or operated pursuant to Landlord’s sustainable building practices]. [ADD THIS SENTENCE IF APPLICABLE: Landlord’s sustainability practices address whole building APPLICABLE: Landlord s sustainability practices address whole-building operations and maintenance issues including chemical use; indoor air quality; energy efficiency; water efficiency; recycling programs; exterior maintenance programs; and systems upgrades to meet green building energy water Indoor Air programs; and systems upgrades to meet green building energy, water, Indoor Air Quality, and lighting performance standards.] All construction and maintenance methods and procedures, material purchases, and disposal of waste must be in compliance with minimum standards and specifications, in addition to all applicable p p , pplaws.

(b)BOMA - Guide to Writing a Commercial Lease 2008


Rent StructureRent Structure• Split Incentive• Pass Through Provisions


BOMA Green Pass Through ProvisionBOMA Green Pass Through Provision• In addition to the above Annual Operating Charges, Annual Operating Charges

shall also include: (i) all costs of maintaining, managing, reporting, commissioning, ( ) g g g p g gand recommissioning the Building or any part thereof that was designed and /or built to be sustainable and conform with [the U.S. EPA’s Energy Star® rating, the Green Building Initiative’s Green GlobesTM for Continual Improvement of Existing Buildings (Green GlobesTM-CIEB) the U S Green Building Council’s Leadership Buildings (Green GlobesTM-CIEB), the U.S. Green Building Council s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, or ______ standard], and (ii) all costs of applying, reporting and commissioning the Building or any part thereof to seek certification under [the U.S. EPA’s Energy Star® rating, the Green Building Initiative’s Green Globes TM for Continual Improvement of Existing Buildings (Green GlobesTM-CIEB), the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system, or ______ standard]; provided however the cost of such applying reporting and commissioning of the provided however, the cost of such applying, reporting and commissioning of the Building or any part thereof to seek certification shall be a cost capitalized and thereafter amortized as an Annual Operating Charge under GAAP.


Rent StructureRent Structure• Split Incentive• Pass Through Provisions


Operational PerformanceOperational Performance• Annual Performance Report• Services and Utilities


LEED 2009:LEED 2009:• “A project must adhere to the LEED Minimum Program

R i t (MPR ) i d t hi LEED Requirements, (MPRs) in order to achieve LEED certification. LEED projects must comply with each applicable MPR described below NOTE:applicable MPR described below. . . NOTE:CERTIFICATION MAY BE REVOKED FROM ANY LEED PROJECT UPON GAINING KNOWLEDGE OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE MPR.” (Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) Policy Manual)


September 2009 Update on MPRSeptember 2009 Update on MPR


• All fixtures and accessories must be in compliance with EPAct of 1992. Lessor shall limit flow rates to 2 gpm for lavatory and multipurpose faucets and 2.5 gpm for kitchen faucets (at 80 psi). Lessor shall limit flow rates to 2.4 gpm for showerheads (at 80 psi). Lessor shall limit maximum flush volume to 1.6 gallons for toilets. L h ll t bli h ti t l ith LLessee shall establish usage reporting protocols with Lessor.

• Lessor shall install occupancy sensors to reduce energy consumption by switching off lighting fixtures in unoccupied areas and coordinate all spaces for occupancy off lighting fixtures in unoccupied areas, and coordinate all spaces for occupancy sensor control with the Lessee.

– The Lessor will ensure that from the commencement date the Premises are separately p ymetered for electricity (with the meters being digital electricity meters), gas and water services (both hot and cold). Lessor will ensure that the meters have an accuracy class suitable to customer billing and the meter register is readily accessible for billing. Lessor agrees that: (i) management of the meters will reside with Lessee on installation Lessor agrees that: (i) management of the meters will reside with Lessee on installation, if desired and (ii) Lessee is entitled to purchase its own electricity.

The California Sustainability Alliance, a Navigant Consulting Project


• 5.02 Annual Environmental Performance Report• Landlord shall submit to Tenant each year an Annual

Environmental Performance Report certified by the L dl d tti f th th i t l f f th Landlord setting forth the environmental performance of the Building for the preceding Operating Year concurrent with the Landlord’s Statement of Annual Operating Chargesthe Landlord s Statement of Annual Operating Charges.

• MGL Section 5.02


BOMA Sec 15.1(f)BOMA Sec 15.1(f)• (f) Tenant shall be required to submit to Landlord

l t i it ti d t i f t d d bl electricity consumption data in a format deemed reasonably acceptable by Landlord.


Energy Use by TenantEnergy Use by Tenant


(a) Heating ventilation and air conditioning ("HVAC") during Normal (a) Heating, ventilation and air conditioning ( HVAC ) during Normal Business Hours, in season at such temperatures and in such amounts as to comply with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, and ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Air filtration shall be provided and maintained doo Qua y a o s a be p o ded a d a a edwith filters having a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) as determined by ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999, Method of Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Testing General Ventilation Air Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size. Pre filters shall be have a MERV of 8 or higher, and final filters shall have a MERV of 14 or higher for all outside air intakes and inside air recirculation returns.



MGL: Exhibit BMGL: Exhibit B• .

Section 4 Electrical FacilitiesLandlord shall furnish to the Premises, during normal business hours on normal b i d l t i it i t t t d [ 025] kWh t blbusiness days electricity in an amount not to exceed [.025] kWh per rentable square foot per normal business day. Tenant agrees, should its electrical installation or electrical consumption be in excess of the aforesaid quantity or extend beyond normal business hours, to reimburse Landlord monthly for the y , ymeasured consumption at the average cost per kilowatt hour charged to the building during that period.


New York Energy Efficiency Lease GuidanceNew York Energy Efficiency Lease Guidance


(b) The HVAC system which services the Premises shall be designed, installed and maintained in a hi h h ll i i it ffi i d h ll d i N l B i H i t i manner which shall maximize its efficiency and shall, during Normal Business Hours, maintain

the temperature of the Premises within the following range of temperatures, subject to unusual heat loads caused by Tenant's extraordinary use of the Premises or alteration of the Premises made contrary to the provisions of this Lease:Summer: Outside: [93] Degree Fahrenheit Dry Bulb – [74] Degree Fahrenheit Wet Bulb

Inside: [75] Degree Fahrenheit Dry Bulb – 50% Relative HumidityWinter: Outside: [22] Degree Fahrenheit Dry Bulb

Inside: [72] Degree Fahrenheit Dry Bulb – 50% Relative HumidityInside: [72] Degree Fahrenheit Dry Bulb – 50% Relative HumidityShell HVAC internal heat loads shall be based upon two (2) watts per rentable square foot (RSF) for lighting, two (2) watts per square foot for power and one (1) person per one hundred and fifty (150) RSF.

(c) Landlord shall make HVAC available to the Premises outside of Normal Business Hours in accordance with all applicable provisions of this Lease. Except during Normal Business Hours HVAC shall be furnished only upon request of Tenant, who shall bear the entire actual costs to Landlord to provide HVAC to the Premises. Tenant may request such HVAC service for one or p y qmore floors constituting the Premises. At Tenant's cost, Tenant may tap condenser water supply lines for supplemental HVAC services to Tenant's word processing and computer room units.



1.3 Specific Objectives1.3 Specific Objectives• Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1.2 in this Schedule “E” above, the Tenant acknowledges the Landlord’s

intention to achieve, and maintain, the following specific targets for the Building, by [NTD: target date if not today]a) electricity use averaging not greater than <*> kilowatt hours per square foot of Rentable Area of the Building per

year (Kwh/sf/ yr);b) natural gas consumption averaging not greater than <*> cubic metres per square foot of Rentable Area of the

Building per year (M3/sf/yr)c) water consumption levels averaging not greater than <*> litres per square foot of Rentable Area of the Building

per year (l/sf/yr); andper year (l/sf/yr); andd) a waste diversion rate not less than <*>% per year; ande) indoor carbon dioxide (“CO2”) levels compared to outdoor CO2 levels of not greater than <*> Parts Per million

(PPM) measured in accordance with the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (“ASHRAE”) standard 62.1-2007 or equivalent standard as it may be amended or replaced from time g ( ) q y pto time.

1.2 Regulatory Standards• Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1.2 and 1.3 herein, in the event that any governmental authority imposes a

resource reduction target on the Building for any utility or resource otherwise than as set out in Sections 1.2 and 1.3 above, then the within Environmental Objectives shall be deemed to have been amended so as to stipulate such resource reduction target and all changes required to be made by the Landlord to the Environmental Management Plan, or which are necessitated as a result of such mandatory resource reduction target, shall be deemed to be included and permitted, as the case may be, pursuant to the provisions of this Section and this Lease.REALpac National Standard Green Office Lease for Single-Building Projects – 1.01 – 2008


p g g j

• 6.8 Reduction or Control of Operating Costs and Utility C tiConsumption

• The Tenant shall comply with any practices or procedures th t th L dl d ti bl f ti t ti that the Landlord, acting reasonably, may from time to time introduce to reduce or control Operating Costs and utility consumption and shall pay as Additional Rent all costs consumption, and shall pay, as Additional Rent, all costs, as determined by the Landlord, that may be incurred by the Landlord as a result of any non-compliance. The Landlord y pmay use an Expert to assist it in making such determination.


Section 6.3 Sustainable Building OperationsSection 6.3 Sustainable Building Operations(b) Tenant shall use proven energy and carbon reduction

measures including energy efficient bulbs in task lighting; measures, including energy efficient bulbs in task lighting; use of lighting controls; daylighting measures to avoid overlighting interior spaces; closing shades on the south g g p gside of the building to avoid over heating the space; turning off lights and equipment at the end of the work day; and purchasing ENERGY STAR® qualified equipment and purchasing ENERGY STAR® qualified equipment, including but not limited to lighting, office equipment, commercial and residential quality kitchen equipment, vending and ice machines; purchasing products certified by the U.S. EPA’s Water Sense® program.


RealPac EMP IMPLEMENTATIONRealPac EMP IMPLEMENTATION

• The Tenant agrees to conduct its operations in the Building and within the Premises in accordance ith the follo ing pro isionsthe Premises in accordance with the following provisions:

» Reduce Indirect and Direct Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

» The Tenant agrees to the installation of electricity smart meters in » The Tenant agrees to the installation of electricity smart meters in respect of the Tenant’s consumption of electricity within the Premises, at the Tenant’s sole cost and expense, payable as Additional Rent under this Lease.

» The Tenant shall take reasonable steps to minimize its electrical » The Tenant shall take reasonable steps to minimize its electrical consumption within the Premises such as, by way of example only, adopting conservation practices (e.g. reducing its use of lighting where unnecessary); the use of Energy Star equipment; the types of lighting lighting switches sensors and zones as may be specified in lighting, lighting switches, sensors and zones as may be specified in the Tenant Construction Manual; and using the types of equipment suggested in the Tenant Procurement Guidelines.

[Emphasis added]REALpac National Standard Green Office Lease for Single-Building Projects – 1.01 – 2008


Cleaning and RecyclingCleaning and Recycling• During Tenant Buildout / Alterations

• During Term of Occupancy


16. Removal of Waste Materials16. Removal of Waste Materials• Any and all existing building materials removed and not reused in the

construction shall be disposed of by Contractor as waste or construction shall be disposed of by Contractor as waste or unwanted materials, unless otherwise directed by the Building Manager.

• Contractor agrees to provide documentation demonstrating that at least 70% by volume of any and all construction waste were recycled, salvaged or otherwise diverted from landfill and y gincineration.

• Contractor shall at all times keep areas outside the work area free f t t i l bbi h d d b i d h ll t from waste material, rubbish and debris and shall remove waste materials from the Building on a daily basis.


18. Housekeeping Practices18. Housekeeping Practices• Contractor agrees to use whole-building cleaning and maintenance practices, using:

– Sustainable cleaning chemicals that meet the Green Seal GS-37 standardUse of micro fiber wipes dust cloths and dust mops in place of paper wipes (and where paper – Use of micro-fiber wipes, dust cloths and dust mops in place of paper wipes (and where paper products are used, use of products that contain at least 30% recycled content and which are recyclable)

– Chemicals for which the GS-37 rating is not applicable, for example, floor finishes and strippers, shall be durable, slip resistant and free of zinc (metal-free) OR GS-40 and/or CCD-147be durable, slip resistant and free of zinc (metal free) OR GS 40 and/or CCD 147

– Carpet Care Products shall meet the requirements of GS-37 and/or CCD-148– Proper training of maintenance personnel in the hazards, use, maintenance and disposal of cleaning

chemicals, dispensing equipment and packagingUse of hand soaps that do not contain antimicrobial agents except where required by health codes– Use of hand soaps that do not contain antimicrobial agents, except where required by health codes

– Use of cleaning equipment that reduces impacts on IAQ• Contractor shall provide a copy of a low environmental impact cleaning policy that meets these

criteria. Contractor shall provide documentation that this policy has been followed, showing:criteria. Contractor shall provide documentation that this policy has been followed, showing:– Specifications for chemicals used– Dates and activities associated with cleaning maintenance– Dates and outline of cleaning worker training.


Recycling During the TermRecycling During the Term• SECTION 6.4 Recycling and Waste Management• Tenant covenants and agrees, at its sole cost and expense: (a) to comply with all g p ( ) p y

present and future laws, orders and regulations of the Federal, State, county, municipal or other governing authorities, departments, commissions, agencies and boards regarding the collection, sorting, separation, and recycling of garbage, trash, rubbish and other refuse (collectively, “trash”); (b) to comply with Landlord’s ( y ) ( ) yrecycling policy as part of Landlord’s sustainability practices where it may be more stringent than applicable law; (c) to sort and separate its trash and recycling into such categories as are provided by law or Landlord’s sustainability practices; (d) that each separately sorted category of trash and recycling shall be placed in separate receptacles as directed by Landlord; (e) that Landlord reserves the right to refuse to collect or accept from Tenant any waste that is not separated and sorted as required by law, and to require Tenant to arrange for such collection at Tenant’s sole cost and expense, utilizing a contractor satisfactory to Landlord; and (f) that

fTenant shall pay all costs, expenses, fines, penalties or damages that may be imposed on Landlord or Tenant by reason of Tenant’s failure to comply with the provisions of this Section.


3. Operation of Premises(a) The Tenant shall place all refuse and recyclables in the receptacles provided by the

T t i th P i i th t l (if ) id d b th L dl d f th Tenant in the Premises or in the receptacles (if any) provided by the Landlord for the Building, and shall otherwise keep the Lands and the Building and the sidewalks and driveways outside the Building free of all refuse.

(b) The Tenant shall participate in all Building recycling, energy reduction and water conservation programs as may be determined by the Landlord from time to timeconservation programs as may be determined by the Landlord from time to time.

(c) The Tenant shall neither obstruct nor use the entrances, passages, escalators, elevators and staircases of the Building or the sidewalks and driveways outside the Building for any purpose other than ingress to and egress from the Premises and the BuildingBuilding.

(d) Where possible, the Tenant shall use compact florescent light bulbs in portable indirect lighting, provided such compact florescent bulbs are of low mercury content and suitable for landfill.

(e) The Landlord shall be entitled to refuse to collect refuse and recyclables if not properly (e) The Landlord shall be entitled to refuse to collect refuse and recyclables if not properly sorted into the appropriate recyclable container, and the Landlord shall be entitled to charge the Tenant for any costs it incurs as a result of the Tenant’s failure to comply with the Building recycling program.


• Tenant shall place all refuse and recyclables in the t l id d b th T t i th P i i receptacles provided by the Tenant in the Premises or in

the receptacles provided by the Landlord for the Building, and Tenant shall exercise its best efforts to keep the and Tenant shall exercise its best efforts to keep the "Common Areas" clean and free from rubbish.(i) Tenant shall participate in the Building’s recycling, waste (i) Tenant shall participate in the Building s recycling, waste

management, energy efficiency, water conservation, and transportation management programs as may be determined by the Landlord from time to timethe Landlord from time to time.


Tenant Buildout and AlterationsTenant Buildout and Alterations• Plan• Materials• Contractor Rules


2. Work Approval2. Work Approval• Contractor and all subcontractors must be approved to conduct their trades in the

jurisdiction in which the Building is located by any and all governmental entities with jurisdiction in which the Building is located by any and all governmental entities with such authority. Tenant or Contractor must provide Landlord with names, addresses and phone numbers for all subcontractors prior to commencement of work by the subcontractor. Construction drawings must be approved by Landlord prior to the g ystart of construction. All projects shall be reviewed for potential impact to reduction targets and environmental programs. For any project over [$10,000], Contractor agrees to engage a third party Green Globe or LEED Accredited Professional or similarly qualified professional to oversee and validate that the project has met the standards for Landlord’s sustainability practices.

• An agent or representative of Contractor must be present on the site at all times • An agent or representative of Contractor must be present on the site at all times when work is in process.


• The Lessor’s design and construction team shall develop and utilize • The Lessor s design and construction team shall develop and utilize a construction and demolition waste management plan that identifies materials to be recycled and sources for their disposition. This plan

t i l d t ti t t i l k i d must include new construction waste materials, packaging and associated clean-up activities and be approved by Lessee. Commonly recycled demolition materials include: asphalt, bricks, y y pconcrete and masonry, metals, wood, cardboard, carpet, gypsum drywall, and ceiling tiles. Lessor must divert X% of construction, demolition and land-clearing debris from landfill and incineration demolition and land clearing debris from landfill and incineration disposal.

The California Sustainability Alliance, a Navigant Consulting Project


15. Purchasing15. Purchasing• Landlord has a comprehensive sustainable purchasing

policy as part of its sustainability practices policy as part of its sustainability practices.

• In order to gauge Building performance it is necessary for In order to gauge Building performance, it is necessary for contractors to provide information about all material purchases for facility additions and alterations. Landlord will p ysupply a standard formatting for reporting purposes that will include, but not be limited to, data on cost, recycled

t t l d t t FSC tifi d d idl content, salvaged content, FSC-certified wood, rapidly renewable materials, and geographic origin.


• Recycled Materials Usage– Tenant shall be entitled to use recycled materials in its Leasehold Improvements and y p

Alterations if so permitted either pursuant to the Tenant Construction Manual, or as may be consented to by the Landlord, acting reasonably. The Tenant agrees to consider locally sourced materials where possible in the completion of Leasehold Improvements, consistent with the terms as set out in the Tenant Construction p ,Manual and the Tenant Procurement Guidelines.

– Tenant shall be entitled to use recycled furniture, fixtures and equipment in the Premises to the extent consistent with the Environmental Objectives and the Tenant Procurement GuideProcurement Guide.

– The Tenant agrees to recycle or cause its contractor to recycle as much as possible any waste created in the demolition of existing Leasehold Improvements or Alterations within the Premises so as to minimize the amount of waste ending in landfill The Landlord reserves the right to monitor and measure the amount of waste landfill. The Landlord reserves the right to monitor and measure the amount of waste leaving the Building from the Premises and going to landfill from time to time. If available, the Landlord agrees to provide to the Tenant a staging area for the sorting and recycling of materials during construction.


12. Optimize Use of IAQ Compliant Products12. Optimize Use of IAQ Compliant Products• Contractor agrees to develop an indoor air quality management program and to maintain it in conjunction with all

construction projects in the Building as well as ongoing maintenance and repairs of the Building and Premises optimizing and documenting the use of air quality compliant materials inside the Building to reduce the emissions from p g g q y p gmaterials used in the Building.

• Ongoing indoor air quality requires the use of low- or no-VOC paints, solvents, adhesives, furniture, and fabrics. Do not exceed the VOC and chemical component limits of Green Seal’s Standard GS-11 requirements.

• Paints used on site shall be low VOC and are to be brush applied only; spray painting is not allowed on site Paints • Paints used on site shall be low-VOC and are to be brush-applied only; spray painting is not allowed on site. Paints must not exceed the VOC and chemical component limits of Green Seal’s Standard GS-11 requirements: interior non-flat < or = 150 g/L, Interior flat < or = 50 g/L.

• All painting must be completed outside of normal office hours (after 5:00 PM and before 7:00 AM) and on weekends.

• Carpet must meet the requirements of the CRI Green Label Plus Carpet Testing Program.

• Carpet cushion must meet the requirements of the CRI Green Label Testing Program.

• Composite panels and agrifiber products must not contain added urea-formaldehyde resins. Laminate adhesives used to fabricate on site and shop applied assemblies containing these laminate adhesives must contain no ureato fabricate on-site and shop applied assemblies containing these laminate adhesives must contain no urea-formaldehyde.

• Documentation of all covered materials purchased and the total cost of these purchases shall be provided. Documentation shall be provided in a format deemed acceptable to Landlord.


14. Energy Management 14. Energy Management • Contractor agrees to install, calibrate and operate fundamental Building elements and systems as intended so they can deliver functional

and efficient performance and leverage the Building’s energy management system. Contractor agrees to engage a commissioning authority independent from the design and construction responsibilities as the responsible party for all commissioning activities. All energy-related systems to be included in the commissioning process activities include as a minimum:

– Heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems (mechanical and passive) and associated controls– Lighting controls, including daylighting– Domestic hot water systems– Renewable energy systemsgy y

• The building is currently Energy Star® rated; this rating is to be maintained at the highest level possible. • All energy using equipment, appliances, lamps, ballasts and controls must be state-of-the-art energy efficient and Energy Star rated

where available, conform to the Building’s then-current standards for energy management, and tie in to existing Building controls and monitoring systems.Wh il bl C t t h ll i t ll l ENERGY STAR® lifi d i t d li i th j t i l di b t t li it d • When available, Contractor shall install only ENERGY STAR® qualified equipment and appliances in the project, including but not limited to lighting, office equipment, commercial and residential quality kitchen equipment, vending and ice machines, and products certified by the U.S. EPA’s Water Sense® program. Documentation shall be provided in a format deemed reasonably acceptable to Landlord.

• Lamps and ballasts, including manufacturer, type, watts, and mercury content are specified and are to be replaced with “like” or better. Contractor shall reduce connected lighting power density below that allowed by ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 by a minimum of 15%15%.

• Install daylight responsive controls in all regularly occupied spaces within 15 feet of windows and under skylights. Use occupant adjustable lighting controls.

• All energy-related improvements must be reviewed and approved by the Building’s chief engineer and/or energy manager.


11. Construction Management Plan for Indoor Air Quality

• During construction, meet or exceed the recommended Design Approaches of the Sheet Metal and Air C diti i N ti l C t t A i ti (SMACNA) IAQ G id li f O i d B ildi U d

Contractor agrees to develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and occupancy phases of the area being built out as follows:

Conditioning National Contractors Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guideline for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 1995, Chapter 3.

• Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage.• If air handlers must be used during construction, filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting

Value (MERV) of 8 must be used at each return air grill as determined by ASHRAE 52 2 1999Value (MERV) of 8 must be used at each return air grill, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999.• Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy.• Remove contaminants that may be remaining at the end of the construction period.

– Conduct a minimum two-week building flush-out with new filtration media with 100% outside air after construction ends and prior to occupancy of the affected space After flush-out replace the filtration construction ends and prior to occupancy of the affected space. After flush out, replace the filtration media with new media, except for filters solely processing outside air.

Or– After construction ends, conduct a baseline indoor air quality testing procedure for the affected space in

the building that demonstrates that the concentration levels for the chemical air contaminants are below ifi d l l F h li i t h th i t ti li it d d specified levels. For each sampling point where the maximum concentration limits are exceeded,

conduct a partial building flush-out, for a minimum of two weeks, then retest the specific parameter(s) that were exceeded to indicate the requirements are achieved. Repeat procedure until all requirements have been met.


Building Rules and RegulationsBuilding Rules and Regulations• Terms in green leases can have a profound impact on how

b i t b ti l ti th ta business operates by stipulating that:• • The business operates only energy efficient equipment• • Only specific types of lighting be put into fixtures• • Only certain types of material be used in space renovation

d difi tiand modification• • The contractors employed by the business recycle

t i lmaterials.


Sharing of Costs andSharing of Costs and Obligations in a

Green LeaseGreen Lease

March 4, 2010Jacob Bart, Esq.

Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP180 Maiden Lane

New York NY 10038New York, NY 10038(212) 806-5584

[email protected]

ALLOCATION OF “GREEN” OCCUPANCY

A O ti E

COSTS BETWEEN LANDLORD AND TENANT

A. Operating Expensesi. First Dollar (Net)ii. Over Base Year (Gross)( )iii. General Exclusion of Capital Costs

a) Operating and Maintenance Costs Includedb) Costs of Ownership Excluded

1. What Constitutes Cost of Ownership2 Improves Value; Benefit Inures to Landlord2. Improves Value; Benefit Inures to Landlord

iv. Exception for Costs to Comply with New Laws

2


v Exception for Costs to Achieve Savings


v. Exception for Costs to Achieve Savingsa) Laborb) Energy

vi. Inclusion of Amortized Costsa) Straight line vs. Acceleratedb) Useful Life vs. Length of Termb) Useful Life vs. Length of Termc) Useful Life vs. Reasonable Investment Recovery Period d) Interest

1 Fi d R t1. Fixed Rate2. Landlord’s Actual Borrowing Cost

e) After Base Year (in Gross Leases)

3


ii C


vii. Caps a) Limited to Amount of Savings b) Absolute)c) Savings Plus Percentage

viii.Exception for Costs to Achieve Green Benefits (other than S i N L )Savings or New Laws)a) Retrofitting – “Splitting Incentive” Issueb) New Green Equipment – Allocation Required) q p q

ix. Express Inclusion of Monitoring and Studies Costs (including Retro-commissioning Studies for Building Systems)

4


x Negating “Reasonable” Standard with Landlord Ability to Use Higher


x. Negating Reasonable Standard with Landlord Ability to Use Higher Cost, but Sustainable Energy Sources (e.g., “Green Power”)a) Open Standard with Landlord’s Reasonable Discretion b) Specific LEED Category Limitationb) Specific LEED Category Limitation

1. LEED Definition – The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System

2 LEED Rating Purpose – set of standards developed by the2. LEED Rating Purpose set of standards developed by the U.S. Green Building Council for environmentally sustainable construction

xi. Gross-up Issue a) What is a Gross-up of Operating Expenses?

1. Generally 100% or 95%2. Inclusion of Base Year

5

b) Needed to Make Landlord Whole


) All O ti E It V i bl It


c) All Operating Expense Items vs. Variable Items d) If Variable, Landlord May Not Recover All Green Capital Items e) Compromise Possibilities to Incentivize Landlord (e.g., Inclusion

with Caps) B. Electricity Consumption in Premises

i. Submetering vs. Rent Inclusion ii. Landlord Survey Right is Not Efficient Mechanism to Reduce

Consumption in Rent Inclusion Leasea) Landlord Profit Margina) a d o d o a g

1. Actual Use vs. Assumed Connected Load 2. Landlord Has No Incentive to Survey Unless Significant

Increase in Electric Consumption

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Increase in Electric Consumption


b) T t H N E i I ti t R d El t i


b) Tenant Has No Economic Incentive to Reduce Electric Consumption

iii. Converting from Rent Inclusion to Submetering a) Cost of Installation, Reading, Administration and Repairsb) Size and Configuration of Premises (Multi-Tenanted

Floors)Floors)

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GENERAL BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS

A Li t f L ft G l (N t N il All A hi bl i T d ’A. List of Lofty Goals (Not Necessarily All Achievable in Today’s World)

B. Landlord Obligationsi. Maintain Building to Specified Standard

a) What Level of LEED (If Any) is Practical?b) D bl Ed d S db) Double Edged Sword

ii. Enforce Air Quality Standards by Methods Including Imposing Controls on Tenant Improvements in Premises (e.g., Carpet Glue) a) At Plan Approval Stageb) Monitoring Rights

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b) Monitoring Rights

GENERAL BUILDING OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS

1. During Construction 2. During Post-Construction Occupancy

c) Landlord Right/Obligation to Remediatec) Landlord Right/Obligation to Remediateiii. Create Procurement Requirementsiv. Require (or Assume Cost of) Metering Wherever Appropriate

a) Incentivizes Tenantsb) Electricityc) Waterc) Water

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GENERAL BUILDING OPERATION AND

C T t Obli ti

MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS

C. Tenant Obligationsi. Obligation to Install Energy Efficient Leasehold Improvements

and Equipment ii. Obligation to Use Recycled Materials

a) What Level of Effort (Commercially Reasonable, etc)? b) C t C id tib) Cost Considerations

iii. Tenant Willingness to Accept Restrictions in II.B(ii) iv. Tenant Willingness to Accept Less Comfortable Base Building g p g

HVAC Specifications

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Jacob BartJacob [email protected]

kwww.stroock.com

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