Green Investment, Innovation and Productivity Vol. 2/2014

• FORUM GRUP DISCUSSIAN1

Investment-Innovation-Productivity



• INTERVIEW



“Indonesia actually has high potential to utilize degraded land (DL) for growing crops to develop the bioethanol industry which is crucial to improving energy independence/ security. Indonesia’s available DL in convertible forest area for Crop to Energy is around 2.33 million ha across provinces. Optimum bioethanol production, along with overall energy efficiency improvement, can reduce Indonesia’s gasoline import needs, thus maintaining Indonesia’s economic growth. Indonesia needs to restart and increase its bioethanol production, as bioethanol is a substitute for gasoline (ICCC, 2014)”.

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• EDITORIAL NOTES

In the year of 2014, Indonesia’s future is at a critical juncture. This year is filled with pressures in many areas that influence the future of climate change initiatives. The new administration and political transition will play a critical and strategic role in upholding our national commitment to reduce GHG emissions of 26% by domestic resources and the additional 15% with international support by 2020. Any backpedalling of policy will lead us on the path to un-sustainable economy and Indonesia would be branded as uncommitted to fighting climate change.

Secondly, we cannot be ignorant about the international effort that is working toward the global climate change agreement by 2015. This agreement is key to setting the future agenda that puts an ends to the battle of short-term interest among developed and developing countries. This agreement will also help translate Indonesia’s national emissions reductions contribution into new socio-economic dynamics at home, where a long-term vision and strong foundations are needed to transform the economy towards sustainable low emission development.

Thirdly, there is an interaction between globalization, the advancement of technological capabilities and socio-demographic changes that opens up a new political landscape that needs to rely less on the traditional fossil-fuel and limited sources of energy. By 2030, this changing society will see increasing demands from more than 50 million productive youths that will flood the workforce in Indonesia. This highlights the benefits of tackling climate change now rather than later.

There is a hope that once we get through this period Indonesia will agree to support a leadership that steers us into this new, critical direction.

Keeping the interplay of all of the above in mind, this edition of Green Investment and Innovation and Productivity (GIIP) Magazine outlines the importance of climate change leadership of the economy and politics.. We have been listening to many prominent political figures that may be influential in transforming our everyday lives. All believe that climate change ideas should be one of the basic values of public policy development. Internalizing the external cost incurred on any climate change actions to others should be treated as a necessary to protect the public interest. Eminent personalities in this field have stated that the economy of the future can be different to what we have seen and there are many possible paths to the future. A sustainable low emission development pathway could be the best option over the current business-as-usual. Key stakeholders have expressed the importance of sustainable and robust institutional arrangements to cope with global and national political economy dynamics. This is a critical step towards rule-based governance that will lead us to substantive changes in promoting climate change agenda.

I truly believe that we will be going through large scale changes in the coming years. It is an exciting place to be.

Once again, we are honored to share the work of so many

2014: A TESTING PERIOD FOR THE CLIMATE CHANGE AGENDA

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• EDITORIAL NOTES

committed and thoughtful people. We look forward to our readers’ responses. Feedback may be submitted to our website, www.greeninvestmentindonesia.net. We are open to interesting new material on the topics that we covered. If you let us know, we hope to be able to include your case study in upcoming issues of GIIP Magazine.

We appreciate your support and are delighted to have you as a reader of GIIP Magazine.

With warmest thanks,

Farhan Helmy

Farhan Helmy,Editor in Chief

ICCC WIYOGA

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• CONTENTS

The 2014 General Elections are getting closer, however up to now there has been no politi-cal party which has a clear and de-tailed vision to address climate change issues.

Institutional climate change needs to be regulated in an act that is more binding and as a founda-tion for the formulation and imple-mentation of climate change policy in the future.

Contents

Green Climate Pathways

Scrutinizing ClimateVision

Climate Change Laws

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• CONTENTS

Interview

Green Climate Insights

Green Climate Champions

53 Book Review Renewable Energies: Perspectives for a Sustainable Energy Future Publisher: Federal Republic of German

54 Green Climate Highlights • Proper: Environmental Safeguard for Business Activities in Indonesia • A Report from the Indonesia Green Infrastructure Summit 2014

65 Facts & Figures69 Network Updates71 Activity Highlight

Human+Nature Harmony=Social Welfare

Promoting Green Cities

Private Sector Enthusiasm for Low-Carbon Activities at the First JCM Business Forum

Erosion In Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation A Silent Threat In Paradise

Rachmat Witoelar Orbita Roswintiarti

Moekti Handajani Soejachmoen

Anies Baswedan Shinta Widjaja Kamdani

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NURUL ARIFIN

JOKO WIDODOTRI RISMAHARINIRIDWAN KAMIL

Green Investment Magazine is joinly published by National Council on Climate Change (DNPI) in cooperation with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Matsushita Gobel Foundation (MGF).

Cover

Presidential to lead Indonesia in 2014-2019.

Contact Address:Gedung BPPT I Lt. 16 Jalan M.H. Thamrin 8, Jakarta 10340, IndonesiaTel. +62 21 3190 4635

www.greeninvestmentindonesia.net@greenIIP greenIIP, email: greenIIP@ greeninvestmentindonesia.net

ADVISORY BOARDRachmat Witoelar, Agus Tagor, Agus Purnomo, Amanda Katili Niode, Rachmat Gobel, Jusman Syafii Djamal, Atsushi Sasaki, Farhan Helmy (Secretary).

EDITORIAL BOARDFarhan Helmy, Amanda Katili Niode,Titi Murni Resdiana, Jun Ichihara, Manami Iida, Ricky Rachmadi.

EDITOR IN CHIEF Farhan Helmy.

EDITORS Stuart Bruce, Yudhiarma MK, AG Sofyan, Fairuz Husaini.

CONTRIBUTORS M Rudi Wahyono, Andira, Pristianto, MGI, DNPI.

GRAPHIC DESIGN & PHOTOGRAPHERSSugara Adi, Masoed, Aldo.

PORTAL Alfan Nasrulloh, Fahmi Januar.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Aviana MS Tjokro.

PROJECT ASSISTANTSIrmawati Batavia, Jesslyn Tandella, Bramantyo Dewantoputra.

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• GREEN CLIMATE PATHWAYS

Political LeaderSCRUTINIzING CLIMATE VISIONBy Yudhiarma, AG Sofyan, Fairuz Husaini

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The 2014 presidential election has just ended which was won by Joko Widodo ‘’Jokowi’’ and Jusuf Kalla as President and Vice President for 2014-2019 terms. Now, the people are looking towards the new leaders to realize their vision and mission promised during the campaign. Do not let the vision and mission remain as just words.

R elated to the issue of climate change, Indonesia currently has a leader who has a strong commitment. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s announcement on Indonesia’s

commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26 percent by its own efforts, and 41 percent with international support has proven this.

To achieve that goal, the government adopted the National Action Plan for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions (RAN-GRK) in September 2011.

It also requireds each state goverment to develop an action plan for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and the work of formulating these plans has already been completed by provinces.

Among individual sectors, the Programe on Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is drawing a high level of interest. Progres of REDD+ includes: REDD+ cooperation under an agreement with Norway in May 2010; Task force on REDD+; Moratorium; the National Strategy of REDD+ (2012); and establishment of a new government agency for REDD+ (2013).

Indonesia is lucky compared to Australia. When Tony Abbott was elected as Prime Minister he immediately dissolved the country’s Climate Commission in September 2013, the same month in which he was sworn in. Certainly, we do not expect this to happen in Indonesia.

President-elect Joko Widodo has shown his commitment

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related to the issues of climate change, it canbe seen from his political agenda that he is designing climate change mitigation activities that will not only protect the environment but also support the national economy.

Indirectly, Jokowi and Jusuf Kalla in their vision and mission also offered pro- climate change programs such as in the forestry sector, where they want to preserve forests by preventing and combating illegal logging. They also plan to rehabilitate 100.7 million hectares of degraded forests and barren land. It is an important program given the very important role forests have for the global carbon flow, forests and play a significant role in addressing the dangers of climate change.

Chairperson of the parliamentary Green Economy Caucus Satya Widya Yudha, of Golkar, said that the impacts of climate change have seriously affected Indonesia; moreover, Indonesia is a tropical country and located on the equatorial line where the temperature is increasingly hot.

Ironically, he said, there are still few policies on adaptation to climate change and the awareness of the government, and also the public, about climate change is not yet optimal.

Until now, the budget allocated for adaptation to climate change is small. ‘’From a USD 13 billion fund allocated for the environment, none is for adaptation,’’ he said.

In addition, he added, the regulations made by parliament do not reach the poor, ‘’There should be an identification of problems which involve these people, so they know about and understand the regulations.’’

He referred to research conducted by BBC Media Action in cooperation with the British embassy showing that communication campaigns related to climate change do not reach rural communities.

The survey was carried out across 33,500 people in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam. The survey also discovered that, from these countries, Indonesians received the least amount of information about climate change.

A major impact of climate change is rising sea levels and, as a result, in some places the sea has covered the land, he said, adding, ‘’We have already lost twenty small islands” .

Climate change, he said, could also influence economic activity. The changes to the wet season cause many difficulties to the farmers growing rice, ‘’As a result, rice productivity is affected, therefore, climate change must be our common concern,’’ he said.

Political Party and Climate Change Issues

The Election Commission, or KPU, has officially decreed that fifteen political parties can contest the 2014 elections, consisting of twelve national parties and three Aceh-based local parties. The national parties are: the National Democratic Party, or Nasdem; the National Awakening Party, or PKB; the Prosperous Justice Party, or PKS; the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, or PDI-P; Golkar Party; the Indonesia Movement Party, or Gerindra; the Democrat Party, or PD; the National Mandate Party, or PAN; the United Development Party, or PPP; the People’s Conscience Party, or Hanura; the Crescent and Star Party, or PBB; and, the Indonesia Justice and Unity Party, or PKPI.

No political party has a clear and detailed vision to address climate change issues although it is a very significant issue. Unfortunately, many parties do not include the climate change issue as part of their agenda, not even in their vision and mission.

Some political parties show their concern about the environment rather than climate change issues. Nasdem, PKS, Golkar, Gerindra and Democrat Party put environmental issues in their manifesto. These political parties consider conservation of both natural resources and the environment important for future generations, and therefore these must be protected from human greed. PKB is the only party which claims to be a ‘green’ party.

Some parties do express concern about the environment, and even place it specifically in their political platform. PKS, for instance, says that environmental management and conservation are part of development. PKS believes that environmental development should be integrated with the development of other sectors in order to achieve the right balance.

Secretary General of Nasdem Party Patrice Rio Capella said his party included environmental issues in its Restoration program, which covers three issues: ideal leadership, people’s lines, and international policy.

Especially for the international policy the program aims to build a new balance in the world to be more peaceful, fairer and protectial to the environment.

Third, restoration of international policy to build a new world balance which is more just, peaceful and protects the environment.

PKB has a more explicit program on environmental issues. The party has an environmental platform, claims to be a ‘green party’, and fights to achieve a balanced ecosystem, natural resources management for all, and prosperity for the future generation.

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Chairperson of the PKB faction in parliament, Marwan Jafar, said that the strategic agenda of PKB is that of a green party, including thorough evaluation of legislative products related to natural resource management, and of both existing and new mining contracts between private companies and the government; and for the sake of the people’s welfare, consistently advocating for groups of people who are the victims of the unfair management of natural resources.

PKB also supports efforts to significantly reduce the use of non-renewable energy by further exploring renewables. The party has also become a pioneer for activities related to land rehabilitation, the rescue of ecosystems, energy efficiency, and it encourages pilot projects for natural resource management based on models of local wisdom, he said.

Golkar Chairperson for Energy and Mineral Resources Unit Aziz Shamsuddin, who is also deputy Chairperson of Parliament’s Commission III said “the party does care about climate change and other environmental issues. What

the government has done through the National Council on Climate Change brings much benefit to the nation. Among other things, we are recognised more and more in the international environmental forum.”

Parties such as PAN, PPP, Hanura, PBB and PKPI do not have a clear platform on the environment.

PPP Chairman Suryadharma Ali however said his party supported envirinment & climate change programs the idea to enact laws on climate change.

“The issue of climate change is our common task to save the future of our children and grandchildren,” he said.

The Democrat Party, claimed it has, has a strong commitment to environmental issues, referring to the development concept made by the government.

‘’The party concept is in line with the government concept,”

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said Farhan Effendi. The party concept, he added Democrat Party Division on Policy Strategy Development Farhan Effendi address climate change issues which become a serious challenges which many countries in the world are already responding.

After the legislative elections and prior to presidential elections Indonesia’s political constellation changed following the formation of two major constellations of political parties in terms of their presidential and vice presidential support.

The first camp, the so-called ‘’Red-White Coalition’’ consisted of Golkar, Gerindra, PKS, PAN, PBB, PPP and carried Prabowo Subianto and Hatta Rajasa as presidential and vice presidential candidates.

The second camp is called ‘’People’s Coalition’’ and is supported by PDIP, PKB, Nasdem, Hanura and PKPI, carrying Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla as presidential and vice

presidential candidates.

Each camp offered a clear vision and mission related to climate change issues. Prabowo-Hatta’s camp, for instance, stated Indonesia will be playing an active role in global climate change mitigation activities, taking into account the country’s situation.

After he is elected as President what is Joko Widodo’s plan related to climate change programs? Is he going to continue the current programs of climate change that President SBY has established?

According to member of Jokowi-JK’s transition team, Faisal Akbar, President-elect Joko Widodo will certainly continue President SBY’s programs related to climate change.

‘’Certainly, we will continue the good programs, improve those that need improving, and make new ones which do not exist yet. We prepare all the best for this nation, “he said.•

SOURCE: JAKARTA GLOBE

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There are many reasons why Indonesia needs a law on climate change. As well as a comprehensive reference for the various adaptation and mitigation actions on climate change, the law becomes an umbrella for a variety of regulations which tend to overlap. The newly elected President and the House of Representatives members are expected to discuss and approve the draft and pass it into law as soon as possible.

The issue of climate change is a long term issue, even up to 100 years. But the threats and the consequences are predictable and can already be felt now. As an archipelago, Indonesia is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. A study by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts Indonesia will experience a temperature rise of 1.8 to 4 degrees Celsius by 2050. The study also says the increase in global temperatures could see average sea levels rise by between 0.18 to 0.59 meters more by the year 2100 compared to 1980-1999.

CLIMATE CHANGE LAWIS IN WAITINGBy Yudhiarma, AG Sofyan

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An analysis made by Indonesia’s National Council on Climate Change (DNPI) demonstrates that with a scenario of the rise of sea level of 50 cm, Indonesia could potentially lose 322,091 hectares, or 4.67% agricultural land area. Furthermore, there are about 40 million Indonesian people living within 10 m of the coastline who are threatened due to the change of the rising sea levels.

In addition, the results of the World Bank research shows that Indonesia will experience an increase in rainfall of 2-3 % per year, which increases the risk of flooding in Indonesia significantly. As a country located within the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, Indonesia in terms of geographical and geological factors, has a high level of natural vulnerability.

Certainly, to anticipate those challenges Indonesia requires adequate adaptation and mitigation actions with a long-term dimension. On the other hand, the political system in Indonesia, where a president can only be elected for two terms (or ten years in total), has limitations in realizing long-term commitments in areas such as climate change. This

becomes even more relevant, if the existing arrangements and commitment are made only at the level of government regulations. The existence of a piece of legislation that provides certainty and ensures long-term programs, such as those related to climate change, becomes very significant.

Executive Chair of DNPI and the President’s Envoy on Climate Change Rachmat Witoelar said that ideally, for climate change issue, there should be a comprehensive regulatory system that has the highest legal force, namely a law.

“Currently in Indonesia the regulations related to climate change are partial. We should have a law on climate change,” he said in an interview with the team from Green magazine at his office in Jakarta in June.

Executive Director of the Forum for the Environment Abetnego Tarigan supported the efforts of Indonesia as a state that plays an important role in the international forum on climate change negotiations to have a law on climate change.

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“A law on climate change becomes a step forward, because there is a political process involving the executive and legislative. Now, all regulations are conducted by the executive, meaning if the President and ministers are changed, the regulations are also changed,” he said earlier.

The law will give a certainty concerning the vision, mission, strategies, budget, and sustainability of the existence of the related institution, especially to address the challenges on climate change, he said.

Related to the issue of climate change, Indonesia curently has a wide range of regulations set in law, such as Presidential Regulation or “Perpres”, including Perpres No. 61 of 2011 related to the National Action Plan for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gases (RAN-GRK). This plan includes 70 programs across a number of sectors such as forest and peat land, waste, agriculture, industry, energy and transport. It is followed by another Perpres No. 71 of 2011 on the national system of greenhouse gas inventory.

Perpres No. 46/2008 covers the establishment of the National Council on Climate Change or “DNPI’’, an institution under the President mandated to coordinate various climate change policies domestically and Indonesia’s a focal point in the climate change negotiations at the international level under the United Nations (the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or UNFCCC).

There are also other regulations and laws related to climate change such as laws on indigenous peoples, agrarian reform, land use, environment, minerals and coal, national development and others. It is estimated that more than 400 regulations overlap each other, and this lead to disputes.

The existence of a law on climate change will become an umbrella for those various regulations. It will be a comprehensive reference for climate change issues, including the issues for which there is no existing regulations stipulated, such as issues on how to effectively and efficiently formulate climate finance and investment mechanisms which are able to mobilize funding opportunities at the national, bilateral and global levels.

The law on climate change also gives a signal of Indonesia’s

strong commitment on climate change and simultaneously opens a wider space for engagement so that all environmental as well as climate friendly activities can be carried out in order to achieve a sustainable development in Indonesia.

Indonesia has shown its strong commitment when President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono announced a national pledge to reduce carbon emissions by 26% with its own efforts, and 41% with international assistance, by 2020.

The law on climate change covers important issues include the national strategy on emissions reduction and the integration of various mitigation and adaptation actions into its development planning. The law also covers mobilisation of resources, strengthening research and development efforts on climate change, integrated aspects of disaster and risk management, capacity building, international cooperation, law enforcement and social education.

Several developed and developing countries have introduced climate change laws as a response to impacts and future economic potential. The European Union, for instance, has a New Energy Efficiency Directive, and Australia enacted the Clean Energy Act 2011. President of United States Barack Obama has issued the so-called President’s Climate Action Plan in 2013 which contains, among others, the country’s preparation for climate change impacts. South Korea has a Framework Act on Low Carbon Green Growth / 2010.

Developing countries also have legislation, such as Colombia and its Low Carbon Development Strategy and National Plan for Climate Change Adaptation, Mexico’s Climate Change General Law, Environmental Law and the General Equilibrium Sustainable Forestry General Law, and China is now drafting a national climate change law Drafting.

Member of Parliament from Comission VII which oversees environmental issues Satya Widya Yudha said that a bill of climate change is not included in the 2014 National Legislation Program (Prolegnas) of the House of Representatives. There are 66 bills included in the program.

“I do not know why; ask the government because the bill is made by the government,’’ he said, adding a bill will probably be deliberated by lawmakers in the 2014-2019 term. •

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• INTERVIEW

How about the composition of the next cabinet?

President elect Jokowi has announced the composition 18:16, in which 18 from professionals and 16 from party-based professionals. The composition is not yet final, in fact. However, Jokowihas emphasized on professionalism, meaning they have competency, strong leadership and good track record.

It will be a working cabinet with professional people who can be coming from any party, either political or non- political parties. Isupervise many issues including maritime, agriculture, education, health.

Related to environment and climate change issues, what kind of programs that the coming cabinet will carry out?

Related to the issues, yes, the transition

team is working on it, but now it is closed to public unfortunately. We made the recommendations to President-elect as optional policies. Later, after the President has decided then he will announce.

Are there certain programs on the issues concerned as priority?

In general, the issues on environment and climate change get a very serious attention, not only as a political response but the fact is, we are, all human in the universe, facing challenges on the issues that no single country can solve alone, nor certain groups of countries. It requires a very serious and concerted effort. Indonesia has a very strong international commitment on the issues. On the other hand, implementation in the country is still very limited.

Since the beginning President-elect Jokowi wants the issues to be approachedin a holistic manner. There will be a very serious effort to be taken. What kind of efforts, I am sorry, I can’t disclose now. It’s a matter of ethics. He has asked several people to discuss and give recommendations to him in making decisions. It’s unethical if theyare leaked not by him.

You supervise issues on environment and climate change, what do you think about them? How important are they?

Definitely, the issues are very significant. First, it is because they become worldwide humanitarian challenges. Second, Jokowi wants a formulation of new policies, a breakthrough. Therefore, he has asked us specifically to look for these breakthroughs. There are alternative for them, as we recommended.

Anis Baswedan:

‘’We want a new formulation of policies, a breakthrough’’

AnisBaswedan on Jokowi’s Environmentand Climate Change programs:

It’s clear that President-elect JokoWidodo ‘’Jokowi’’ has shown his strong commitment on climate change issues given his political agenda saying his wish to improve international co-operations on climate change. Even, he has committed to address climate change issues from economic perspectives rather thanenvironmental ones.

For his coming cabinet, Jokowi has set up a special team so-called Transition Team which formulate his political agenda after he is inaugurated on October 20. The team led by RiniSoemarno, former Trade and Industri Minister with four deputies, namely HastoKristiyanto, PDIP Deputy Secretary General, AndiWidjajanto, defense and foreign affairs expert, Akbar Faisal, NasDem party politician and AnisBaswedan, Paramadina university rector.

Each deputy is supported by working groups consisting experts on respective issues. For issues on climate change, environment, people’s welfare, rural issues, agriculture, maritime and education are under AniesBaswedan’s supervisory.

Anies, also known as Indonesia’s Moslem intellectual answered questions from AgusSofyan and FairuzHusaini from Green Magazine over environment and climate change issues atRumahTransisi (Transitional House) in Menteng area, Central Jakarta as well as at his office in Paramidina University in South Jakarta earlier this month.

By AG Sofyan, Fairuz Husaini & M. Rudy Wahyono

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• INTERVIEW

However, again, I can’t disclose now.

You are supported by working groups, how effective are they?

I feel grateful I am supported by professional teams. First team who work as facilitator. They consist of 18 people with various backgrounds. They temporarily quit from their works in the past two months. I contacted Chief Executive Officers of several big companies to send their best people, each company two persons, to help me. They are smart and young people, around 30 year-old. They work as volunteers. They do not work on content of issue as it is handled by experts in the working groups. They question, criticize, and suggest everything done by the working groups.

As for the working groups, they consist of more than 150 experts with various backgrounds related to nine issues under my supervisory. I coordinate them. They will work until end of this month. They have made the recommendations submitted to President-elect Jokowi.

How many recommendations?

Depend on the issues. One issue can be two, three or four recommendations. One issue is different one another. It is optional (recommendation). President-elect Jokowi can choose one. One option has its own consequences.

President SusiloBambangYudhoyono has announced the national commitment to reduce ghg emission to 26% with self efforts and 41% with international assistance in 2020, what will Jokowi do to achieve the target?

I think, it’s better for Jokowi’s government to talk and explain about it. We, the transition team, only prepare recommendations for those who will be appointed as ministers. We do not make a development plan. Do not misunderstand. We just identify things to help those people who will work in the next cabinet. We do not decide who will become a minister, nor their policies in the coming five years.

Let me explain. Our duties are only two. First, to translate the campaign promises to be coming true. How to make those promises real, not in a year or two, but in

a month, if possible. Therefore, this team identifies things related to the issues, for instance, who are the right man in the right place. Second, this is a transition from President SBY to President-elect Jokowi. Which programs of SBY need to be continued or not, we give optional views as recommendations. Jokowi will decide.

Will Ministry of Environment be maintained?

As long as I know there is a very serious attention over the environment issues, but how is the posture, until now it has not decided.

What about climate change body like the National Council on Climate Change ‘’DNPI’’ or other related agencies under Presidential institution? What will they be?

There are many such institutions. We have identified around 50 including DNPI, REDD+. They will not be changed simultaneously in October. There will be a process of consolidation. What agency becomes what, I can’t say yet now. How their position in the cabinet, President-elect Jokowi will decide.•

WIKIPEDIA

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General elections 2014 should emerge better leaders including those who are concerned about environmental and climate change issues. Thus, presidential and legislative candidates, political parties should have a clear and decisive vision to address the issues.

Governance of climate change requires a strong support as well as enggagement from various parties not only government agencies but also other stakeholders. Indonesia over the last five years, under the leadership of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has laid a significant foundation on the the governance of climate change in the government, ranging from the provincial level as well as in the governmental institutions in supporting and responding to climate change issues. In the future, the existing policies and institutions need to be sustained given the climate change commitment has a long-term dimension.

Many countries plan to agree a global deal in the UNFCC’s 21st COP held in Paris in 2015, designed to set global commitments after 2020. Therefore, the next government needs to pay a serious attention to this strategic issue. As President’s Envoy for Climate Change and Executive Director of the National Council on Climate Change Rachmat Witoelar delivers his perspectives about climate change nationally and globally.

Amidst his tight schedules Green Magazine interviewed him at his office at DNPI in Jakarta a few weeks ago.

THE 2014 ELECTIONS: HOPING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIPSBy Yudhiarma

Rachmat Witoelar ExECUTIVE CHAIR OF NATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, PRESIDENT’S SPECIAL ENVOY ON CLIMATE CHANGE

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• INTERVIEW

The legislative and presidential elections have taken place, what do you expect from the leaders-elect?

First, the 2014 elections are golden opportunities for Indonesian people to determine their fate over the coming five years. And second thing, the threats and dangers of climate change is one of the strategic issues that should never be ignored.

Big floods and other disasters that hit this country prove that climate change is undeniably threatening life of the people. Therefore, both legislative and presidential elections should have an impact on its preventive efforts. Please vote leaders - President and Legislative members - who are concerned about the environment and climate change. DNPI is neutral and stands for all parties for the sake of saving the environment

and addressing climate change issue. The most dangerous threat today is not war nor terrorism but climate change. Indonesia needs the right leader who is able to continue President SBY’s efforts related to the issues. .

Climate change’s impacts and threats affected to various aspects of our life. To respond these threats, the approach of development strategy should address all sectors, ranging from food availability to physical infrastructure, which adopt climate change mainstreaming. On the other hand, coordination among sectors remains a weakness of bureaucracy in achieving a comprehensive, effective and efficient development.

We hope the coming leaders, the legislative members and President-elect will be more sensitive to climate

change issues and strengthen the existence of DNPI. DNPI has a very important role regarding to sustainable climate change management in Indonesia as well as at the global level.

Nevertheless, the change of leadership in 2014 is quite concerning especially in regarding to the climate change commitment of the new leaders. What if those elected leaders do not tune in, or do not even care with DNPI? If so, then it will be something very detrimental to our future, to be honest.

Why do you think so?

Learning from the experience of other countries, usually once the government is changed, the existence of the climate change body becomes unclear. In Australia, for example, the new government has

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• INTERVIEW

removed various policies on climate change namely, the Climate Change Authority, Clean Energy Finance Company, and Domestic Carbon Pricing Scheme. Their national policy has completely changed. I hope it will not happen to Indonesia. If this institution, DNPI, does not continue, meaning we will be back to zero. Where would the funding, already available in 2014, be allocated?

The change in commitment on the reduction of carbon emission also takes place in Japan. In the COP-19 held in Warsaw, Poland, Japan officially announced its commitment from 25 percent in 1990 became 3.8 percent from its 2005’s emissions. Japan was still shocked by the tragedy in its nuclear plant in Fukushima. Japan still seeks opportunities to use nuclear though it may be difficult.

Learning from those experiences in other countries, what are your thoughts for Indonesia in the future?

In fact, ideally there should be a comprehensive legislation on climate change issues, or a law. If we want our existence is globally legitimate, we have to start it from the domestic level first. Now, Indonesia does not have it. . What we have are partial regulations and laws. However, we are in the process. The coordination between related ministries is underway to establish an institutional reference.

Have you talked or approached those parties joining in the 2014 elections?

We did. We approached several candidates informally and we keep doing it more intensively after elections. We conveyed our message that Indonesia must remain committed to climate

change issues. We have called on public and eligible voters to vote for figures who have concern on environment and climate change issues.

A country’s commitment to reduce its carbon emissions is very important otherwise the impacts of climate change will threaten the earth and its population.

The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki Moon has always encouraged all leaders of states and governments to increase their commitments to tackle climate change issues. On September 23rd, 2014, there will be the UN Climate Summit, which is held a day before the UN General Assembly. Indonesia is still consistent with its commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 26 percent with its own efforts, and 41 percent with international assistance, by 2020.

We hope the coming leaders, the elected legislative members

and President will be more sensitive to climate change issues in order to

strengthen the existence of NCCC

GIIP/ ALDO GIIP/ ALDO

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CLIMATE CHANGE & REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONBy Yudhiarma

Orbita Roswintiarti HEAD OF REMOTE SENSING DATA CENTER OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE (LAPAN)

The phenomenon of climate change is usually signalled by weather anomalies, the dry season lasting longer than the rainy season, and hydrometeorological disasters such as droughts and floods, and forest fires, which have repeatedly hit the country. How far can we rely on technology to overcome these problems?

We can rely on technology, for sure. For example, to monitor the amount of carbon in the forestry sector as mitigation against climate change impacts, we can use remote sensing technology. This technology can detect the vulnerability of an area, especially in coastal areas, by monitoring rising sea levels caused by climate change. Moreover, this space-based technology can calculate which islands are going to sink.

This space-based remote sensing technology can anticipate impacts of climate change. These impacts

of climate change can be reduced by observing a number of variables, such as sea level rise, deforestation, and the increase of carbon in the air.

So far, Lapan has observed most of the-se variables via satellite with remote sen-sing technology, for example, measuring the rate of forest degradation, the increase in sea water temperature, areas of peat land, and estimations of carbon stocks.

However, Lapan does not have its own satellite. Some countries do, such as the United States, European countries, Japan, China, India and Brazil. They are part of the Global Earth Observation System to Systems (GEOSS).

Only a few people know Lapan has a carbon accounting system, called Indonesia’s National Carbon Accounting System (Incas), used to

calculate biomass classification, land cover change analysis, forest disturbance class mapping, carbon stock estimation, and carbon accounting and reporting models.

What kind of technology does Lapan have then?

We have a ground station in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi, which captures the signals from satellites to obtain data with low, medium and high resolution. For low-resolution data, the frequency to receive data is on a daily basis, for medium resolution within every 30 minutes, and for high-resolution is real time data. Under the new Space Act, this data is distributed freely to ministries, institutions and local government.

The Pare Pare station can cover the whole country, but not the rest of the world. The geographical position of

Environmental crises continue to occur, and have worsened in recent years. Global warming, the extinction of species, prolonged drought, water scarcity, environmental pollution, air pollution, and forest fires are environmental problems that could destroy human civilization sooner or later.

Technology can be a solution. Mitigation of climate change impacts can be helped by remote sensing that observes rising sea levels, deforestation, and the increase of carbon in the air. The Green Magazine recently interviewed in Jakarta the Head of the Remote Sensing Data Center of the Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space Agency (Lapan), Orbita Roswintiarti.

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Indonesia, positioned on the equator line, makes us independent in terms of outer space.

The incoming data will be directly input to a system called the National Spatial Data Network. However, sometimes not all data obtained is clear because of weather factors such as cloud cover. If the sky is cloudy, we have to repeat the next recording. Lapan plans to open a new ground station in Rumpin, Bogor. Besides that, software development is also underway.

Can you explain what are the duties of Lapan?

Lapan’s duty, amongst other things, is to provide high-resolution satellite remote sensing data under license to the Indonesian government and to improve the capacity and operation of the data acquisition system.

We also provide data through radiometric and spectral corrections, create metadata from the incoming data based on national standards, store the data, and, together with

the Geospatial Information Agency, quality control the data.

For activities related to remote sensing, Lapan’s duties are to plan, build and operate satellites and remote sensing ground stations; the procurement of high-resolution remote sensing data; the preparation of standard methods and quality of data processing; and to organize the storage and distribution of data through the National Sensing Data Bank, as input to the National Spatial Data network. Lapan has also established guidelines for the use and dissemination of remote sensing information.

Does Lapan co-operate with other Institutions?

So far we have co-operation with certain government institutions such as the Presidential Work Unit for Development Monitoring and Control (UKP4) on the provision and use of remote sensing data to support the decision support system in Bina

Graha on March 2, 2012. In addition, it also supports the decision support system in Bina Graha.

We have a role to remind the public of the urgency of climate change education, and to do that we have worked a number of times with the National Council on Climate Change to organize the Climate Change Education Forum & Expo. •

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MAS

INDONESIA’S ROLES IN PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONBy Yudhiarma

Moekti Handajani SoejachmoenSECRETARY WORKING GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLIMATE CHANGE

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Moekti Handajani Soejachmoen

With the existence of the National Council for Climate Change (NCCC), Indonesia’s role is increasingly recognized and more effective in battling environmental issues in international for a. Moreover, Indonesia successfully hosted a global event, the COP-13 United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Nusa Dua, Bali, on 3-14 December 2007.

The various negotiating steps taken by Indonesia have made the country one of the pillars that has strengthened the bargaining position of developing countries toward future climate agreement applicable to all countries.

You are known to be quite vocal in battling for the aspirations of developing countries when dealing with developed countries? Can you tell me about your experiences engaging in such international for a?

What do you feel these days? Alternating heat waves and rain? That the seasons do not follow the plot any longer? This phenomenon is a general picture of climate change impacts. It does not happen only in Indonesia, but around the world. Given these impacts, which affect all mankind on earth, it is not wrong to say that the discussion about efforts to tackle climate change cannot be left to one or two countries alone. It has to be a common obligation.

That’s why every year all countries in the world gather to discuss climate change. Sponsored by the UNFCCC, this international gathering is called the Conference of the Parties (COP), and is held to discuss and figure

out the best solution to overcome climate change impacts. Besides the COP, there is another annual event called the Kyoto Protocol. These two global meetings aim to discuss and evaluate the implementations of commitments that were the result of previous meetings, as well as unveiling new agreements.

For instance?

For instance, COP-17 in Durban, South Africa, resulted in the Durban Platform. There were two major agreements; first, the extension of the mandate of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), and second, the establishment of a new agency called the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform (AWG-DP) .

The AWG-DP is mandated to agree a

multilateral climate change framework with two main options, namely to form a new protocol, or through another legal format which will have legal certainty following the end of the second commitment of the Kyoto Protocol.

COP-17 in Durban also agreed an extension of the term of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol/AWG-KP which, among other things, means the agreement of a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol from 2013 to either 2017 or 2020. Indonesia welcomes the outcome of COP-17. The Durban Platform is legally binding, particularly for developed countries’ commitments on climate change.

Any other experiences?

We hosted COP-13 in Bali in 2007.

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Later, at COP-19 held in Warsaw, Poland, Indonesia through the NCCC maintained its commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26%.

The Japanese government officially announced a change to its emission reduction commitment from 25% to 3.8%. Australia has removed a number of its climate change policies such as the Climate Change Authority, the Clean Energy Finance Company, and its Domestic Carbon Pricing Scheme. As responsible citizens of the world, we uphold our commitment to emissions reductions.

The estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia in 2005 was 2.1 gigatonnes (gt). Indonesia has committed to reducing carbon emissions by 26% by 2020, or approximately 0.767 gt. Around 78% of the 26% commitment belongs to the Ministry of Forestry which is making progress to reduce deforestation.

Indonesia, through the Ministry of

Transport, has received international funding assistance to build an environmentally friendly mass transportation system called Sustainable Urban Transport Initiative-Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action/SUTRI NAMA. The UK and Germany are the donor countries.

Besides Indonesia, other countries including Chile, Costa Rica and Colombia also received international assistance. Indonesia and Colombia are the first parties to receive such international assistance for activities in the transportation sector.

Four important decisions emerged from COP-19 in Warsaw. First, the financing issues around climate change will be directly mobilized in the developed countries in order to increase climate control actions in developing countries; second, the demand from developing countries regarding a loss and damage mechanism related to climate change; third, technical issues around REDD+; and fourth, funding assistance to cover

monitoring and reporting. These stages all lead towards COP-21 to be held in 2015 in Paris.

The UNFCCC parties have agreed to adopt, at COP21, a protocol or other instrument which is legally binding and applicable to all parties as the basis for a new global framework to deal with post-2020 climate change issues. The draft post-2020 agreement will be formulated at COP 20 to be held in Lima, Peru, in 2014.

What is the meaning of your struggle and the Indonesian delegation’s struggle, through for this country in particular, and developing countries in general?

The discussion on the legal form of the climate change deal cannot be separated from the fact that some UNFCCC members are developing countries which have experienced rapid economic and political growth in the last decade. As a consequence, the emission levels in these countries have increased significantly, some even

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beyond the standard of greenhouse gas emissions of some Annex I (developed country) members.

In addition, the IPCC report warns that greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere must be reduced significantly by 2020, and these GHG emissions in the atmosphere stabilized after 2020, in order to avoid disaster due to an average temperature rise above two degrees. How these dynamics and trends can be reflected in the ambition to reduce emissions both pre-2020 and post-2020 will remain one of the major issues within the climate change negotiations until 2015.

Changes in the direction and demands of the negotiations affects Indonesia and other countries like Brazil, China, India, South Africa and Mexico, which are all experiencing rapid economic growth, as well as an increase in GHG emissions. Compared to many other developing countries, Indonesia has more advanced thinking on climate change. Besides giving birth to the Bali Action Plan, Indonesia was the first developing country to pledge a commitment to voluntarily reduce emissions, by as much as 26%.

COP-19 in Warsaw mainly talked about the increase of pre-2020 ambition, and the post-2020 framework. As one of the developing countries considered as having an important role in climate change negotiations, the position and role of Indonesia to these two different periods, pre-2020 and post-2020, is interesting to follow and discuss.

Can you explain about the role of Indonesia?

The urgency of Indonesia’s position and role is not only for the negotiations but also for the domestic implementation of its international commitments. This shows that Indonesia has intensified its contribution and its role in the climate change negotiations.

With current conditions, where our rapid economic growth will bring Indonesia to the point where we will be required to participate actively, it is important for this country to be able to determine our long term target and type of participation, especially post-2020. It has to be considered carefully, given that the new treaty to be imposed after 2020 will be applicable to all parties. Therefore, it is important for Indonesia to start thinking about our target and the type of long-term participation in climate change issues.

And what is your suggestion?

For adaptation issues, Indonesia requires recognition for all the efforts we have undertaken, and how to get access to allow us to take even bigger actions.

Certainty on the access concerned also applies to components of the means of implementation, including funding, technology and capacity building. What we have fought for at the international level should be in line with our domestic preparedness, in anticipation that those international scenarios will favour Indonesia. We need legislation to regulate climate

change control, so that any international assistance received by Indonesia is accountable.

Now for domestic issues, we will be in a transitional period of power due to the 2014 elections. Do you think this situation will affect climate change mitigation efforts?

Of course it will, because we will enter into a transitional period leading to a newly elected leadership. Our expectation to immediately have an act on Climate Change will also be delayed. We hope the incoming elected parliament and president will be seriously committed to environmental issues.

The fact is, our government will continue to face challenges in how to tackle climate change. At the same time, the government must ensure the right conditions for sustainable economic growth. There will a number of challenges, such as the decline in the quantity and quality of resources, unprecedented climate change impacts, and institutions incapable of respon-ding to these climate change issues. Meanwhile, efforts to address climate change issues are very complicated. It requires a strong will and skill to make good decisions.

In addition, there is also an idea to increase the status of the NCCC to become an agency instead of a council, to provide it with more authority in climate change mitigation efforts.•

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THE GOVERNMENT PLAYS A KEY ROLEBy AG Sofyan

Shinta Widjaja KamdaniTHE INDONESIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY DEPUTY CHAIRWOMAN FOR ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change has impacted on many sectors. The business world is no exception. Tough competition is inevitable due to the increasing depletion of natural resources, as raw material production around the world is not expanding. The Living Planet Report shows that mankind is consuming resources at a rate up to 1.5 times faster than the earth’s ability to regenerate these resources.

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The Living Planet Report is a biennial report on the health condition of the earth. The report shows that the increase in world population has automatically pushed demand for natural resources higher, causing tremendous pressures on biodiversity and impacting on the health, welfare and safety of the future inhabitants of the earth.

The report is launched at the International Space Station, in particular by Dutch astronaut André Kuipers, who gives his unique perspective on the planet’s condition. “We only have one earth. From up here I can see the ecological footprints left by humans such as forest fires, water pollution and erosion - all are challenges summarized in the Living Planet Report,” said Kuipers.

“Despite ongoing environmental destruction, we still have a chance to save the earth, not only for the sake of our current benefit but also for future generations,” said Kuipers.

Impact

The Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, through its deputy chairwoman for Environment, Climate Change and Sustainable Development Shinta Widjaja Kamdani, pays attention to the Living Planet Report. She highlights the specific item stating that the depletion of Earth’s resources is 50% greater than the earth’s ability to provide sustainably, and this will have a major impact in the future.

“If we do not stop and change our way of life from now on, let’s see what is going to happen in the next two decades; even two planets would not be able to meet our needs,” she is quoted as saying. The Living Planet Report also analyzes the impact of population growth, suggesting that over-consumption places massive

pressure on the environment.

“The Living Planet Report is a kind of medical check-up for the earth, and the result indicates that our planet is very sick now,” said Jonathan Baille, Conservation Program Director of the Zoological Society of London. “Ignoring this diagnosis will bring a very big impact for humanity. We can restore the health of the Earth by reviewing the root of problems, namely high population growth and excessive consumption,” he added.

For Indonesia, Shinta said, a climate change act is required to respond to the various challenges and dynamics of climate change at the national, regional and global level. In fact, she added, Indonesia should have passed such an act soon after the country declared its commitment to tackle climate change in 2009.

Legislation on climate change will be successful if the government has good coordination, especially regarding the act’s implementation. “But do not create legislation which becomes a new reference and thus complicates business competition in Indonesia or even globally,” she said

Shinta, who is also chief executive officer of the Synthesis Group, said it will require a stronger commitment from the government if it is to achieve its target of reducing emissions by 26% by 2020. She expressed her concerns that the achievement of the target has no long-term foundation.

“The commitment seems to have no long-term foundation, nor any decent effort to achieve the target,’’ she said, adding that it is, however, not just the fault of the government.

Instead of pointing the finger at anyone, she prefers to approach all parties to solve the issue together through

concrete actions. “If we do not have that foundation, let’s make it. Better late, than do nothing. The key is good coordination between related ministries in elaborating technical things related to emissions reduction targets.” she said, adding that currently initiatives mostly came from non-governmental parties.

According to Shinta, who also serves as the President of the Indonesia Business Council for Sustainable Development, the 2014 leadership succession will not affect Indonesia’s long-term commitment on climate change. ‘’Whoever will be the new leader, he or she must commit to protect Indonesia from environmental damage,’’ she said.

The coming elections should produce figureheads who have a clear vision and a platform on environmental issues and climate change. “In fact, there is still a concern that many candidates are trying to answer that vision, not because they think it is necessary, but rather to satisfy the public’s desire. Commitment is the key. If the current government has a strong strategy, then the next cabinet will learn faster,” she said.

Challenges

When asked about the challenges faced by business people related to environmental issues, she admitted that fierce competition is inevitably unavoidable due to the decreasing availability of raw material sources.

“Business people will obviously be concerned about the challenges posed by climate change, because it will determine their business and investment in the future. They will do their best to secure their assets in which they have invested for so many years. Now the question is, why is it so difficult for the

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government to concretely support this concept of sustainability? In fact, this country has numerous and valuable assets compared to other countries,’’ she said.

The best thing the government can do is to formulate an environmental balance, to measure the value of the assets we own and the size of the responsibility needed to secure them. “We have to move quickly, otherwise we have no competitiveness in global competition,” she said.

So-called green initiatives have actually developed among the younger generation, given the increasingly broad access to information, either from media reports or social media, she asserted.

“However, daily application that reflects green awareness is still relatively low. I even think the media is not

quite ready to report about the ‘green initiative’, therefore this issue is not so popular. The media should also be aware of the issues in a balanced way, not just quoting parties voicing certain interests. The media should be part of the educated civil society in encouraging a significant change,” she said.•

She also said that currently business community in Indonesia has seen a big opportunity for a green investment.

“We appreciate the support given by the government to encourage business people to take this chance,” she said.

On the other hand, Indonesia has also opened the way in finding a solution for a profitable green investment by among others sponsoring a meeting between Agriculture Ministry, Delegation from European Union for Indonesia, Department of International Development of the United Kingdom, and Indonesia-based

World Wild Fund to formulate proper incentives that contribute to address economy, environment and climate changes issues, she said.

One example, she added quoting Deputy Minister of Agriculture Rusman Heriawan as saying that sustainable agriculture has become the main priority for Indonesia now. The government regulation No. 12/2012 issued on January 9, 2011 on the incentives for Protection of Sustainable Agricultural Land for Food underlines the strong commitment of the government to make the agricultural sector as major frontline to achieve its commitment to achieve a sustainable development in Indonesia. The government of Indonesia also puts priority in supporting the sustainable agriculture and investment models especially for for small farmers in rural areas.•

Shinta Kamdani with Garuda Indonesia President Director Emirsyah Satar and BNI Deputy Director Felia Salim at IBCSD, Jakarta.

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If we do not stop and change our way of life from now on, let’s see what is going to happen

in the next two decades, even two planets would not be able to meet our needs

Shinta Widjaja Kamdani is the owner and CEO of the Synthesis Group, a multi-sector company in Indonesia which has several subsidiaries dealing with consumer and industrial products, property and energy.

Shinta is actively involved in, and leads, many charitable organizations and businesses related to environment, community and businesses in Indonesia. She is a founder of the Global Entrepreneurship Program Indonesia; chairwoman of the Indonesian Employers Association (APINDO), President of the Indonesian Business Council for Sustainable Development (IBCSD); Chairperson of Women in Network; Chairwoman of the Young Presidents Organization ‘(YPO); Member of the Executive Board of the Indonesia World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF-Indonesia); and a member of both the Indonesian Aids Foundation (YAI) and Indonesian Business Coalition on AIDS (IBCA).

Shinta graduated from Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, in 1989 and from Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA in 2002. She has been the recipient of many awards, including from the Asian Business Leadership Forum in Abu Dhabi in 2012; FORBES in 2012 as one of Asia’s 50 Most Powerful Businesswomen; Indonesia Women’s Award for Private Sector for Manufacturing in 2012; Asia’s Leading Businesswoman of the Year Award in 2013; and Women In Leadership Forum.

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ARE WE READY FOR A GREEN INDUSTRY?By AG. Sofyan

Success in economic development should be balanced with environmental conditions. The existing natural resources that Indonesia possesses have huge potential to produce eco- products within the framework of a green industry. Some ideas come up to drive its acceleration. On the other hand there is a desire for a standard of green industry which is in accordance with the conditions in Indonesia.

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ARE WE READY FOR A GREEN INDUSTRY?By AG. Sofyan

C urrently, Indonesia is facing a critical phase in its political life due to a change of administration in 2014. In this transitional period, there are also new challenges to achieve

high economic growth while simultaneously increasing efforts to reduce carbon.

Indonesia has to deal with the growing demand for developing a so-called eco / green product which has become a strategic and important issue of global economic competitiveness. Global trends are leading towards eco-product markets and this can be good opportunity for Indonesia. Therefore, a variety of supporting instruments - such as technology and policies - to achieve a green industry are increasingly significant for improving the nation’s competitiveness.

Indonesia has huge potential in its diversity of natural resources; a very profitable potential that must be used optimally to meet the demands of global markets. In addition, developing eco-products will not only boost Indonesia’s exports, but also can be a stronghold for its national economy when dealing with imported products that are increasingly penetrating the domestic market.

Green investment becomes one of the real solutions in the efforts to develop eco-products. It must be done immediately. Many believe green investment will provide and strengthen goals that give benefits to people, especially when associated with issues on climate change. Also, green investment can provide an answer to help Indonesia overcome major obstacles to its economic growth. At the same time, it supports the Government of Indonesia’s commitment to achieve low-carbon, sustainable development since green investment is able to create new markets for goods, services and labor.

Head of the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) Mahendra Siregar said that significant green investment is needed in order to ensure an institutional transformation to oversee higher economic growth.

“In terms of green investment, of course, there is a process to be passed to meet the regulatory provisions, ranging from obtaining permits to approvals from various institutions, both central and local government,” he said in an interview with Green magazine team at his office in Jakarta in June.

The process, he added, from time to time should become simpler, quicker, and more transparent and accountable. Another thing related to green investment is structural issues, especially around the condition of infrastructure in Indonesia which is still not optimal. Besides reforms in Indonesia’s legal conditions, law enforcement should be well

considered. In addition, we should not forget simultaneous efforts to improve matters related to the green industry and the response to climate change.

‘’The key to success in addressing the issues of climate change - which very complex - is strong political will and responsive and accomodating policies, especially in terms of the implementation of global commitments. In this case, the government has a strong commitment on it,’’ he said, referring to the Indonesian government’s commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 26 percent by 2020 with its own efforts and 41 percent with international assistance.

This commitment shows Indonesia has a strong commitment to achieve economic development with a green paradigm or a green economy, he said. The Government has been, and continues to, facilitate conducive conditions to respond to climate change challenges, including ensuring that greenhouse gas emissions are reducing, he said.

“In terms of policies and regulations, we at BKPM have already put in effort to this. However, these efforts should not depend on the government alone, but all parties, to achieve a common goal: sustainable economic growth, “he said.

Mahendra pointed out some challenges regarding responses to climate change issues, namely the lack of the quantity and quality of resources as well as anticipation from all parties regarding the impacts of climate change which are unprecedented. “Even the government also noted that existing institutions are less active in responding to climate change issues,” he said.

Meanwhile, Chairman of the Indonesian Renewable Economic Community (METI) and Deputy Chairman of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin) Rachmat Gobel identifies at least four challenges in relation to green industry development. First, the dynamics of the present and the future will be shaped by an intensive and massive interaction between technology , the dynamics of globalization, demographic changes, changes in society and the availability of energy resources.

Second, the demographic challenge. Currently, the world’s population is more than 7 billion people. Indonesia’s population alone is approaching 240 million and is expected to peak in 2030, when more than 50 million new members of the productive age group will need jobs. “The reality shows a major challenge in fulfilling not only our substantial needs, but looking for a pattern of development

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which is environmentally sustainable and also gives significant value added,” he said.

Third, the challenge of energy supply. In the short term, there is not much expectation of a drastical change of policy on fossil fuel dependency, whether on its supply or demand.

“The use of new and renewable energy still has many policy and implementation obstacles, despite the richness and diversity of Indonesia’s natural resources. Budget inefficiency for a subsidy of more than 200 trillion per year, or about 10 percent of the total budget, for fuel shows the importance of a fundamental adjustment in its energy policy, “ he said.

Fourth, climate change issues. Development which is not low-emission is projected to increase emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere from 1.6 to 2.6 Gton CO2e between 2010 and 2030. In 2030, more than 40% will come from the energy sector (DNPI, 2014). Therefore, a consistency in the policy to reduce emissions by 26% by our own efforts, and 41% with international support, by 2020, should continue and become the foundation for low-carbon development policies, he said.

‘’These challenges show the importance for a national comprehensive policy on energy. It’s a signal for a long-term commitment which is able to mobilize resources in support of the transformation towards a green economy, “he said.

According to Rachmat, who is also President Director of PT Gobel International, Green Industry has a vision to encourage a sustainable pattern of production and consumption, where the use of materials and energy resources is conducted in an efficient, low-emission and environmentally friendly way, with an unbroken recycling process. This potential is developing the industry to respond to new innovations and breakthroughs for an environment and climate friendly industry.

Based on these challenges, he proposed some strategic ideas could be learnt by looking at the experience of other

countries. A proposal to build 10 eco-industrial estates would apply an intergrated chain in terms of policy, management, application of green technology and interaction among industrial actors and the local government.

These integrated industrial estates can be a driving force for the growth of a wide range of mobility of environmentally friendly goods and services that will meet the supply and demand within and outside of the territory. On the other hand, the green industrial estate can be an example for implementing the One Map policy to resolve issues of space allocation and licensing, which are often overlapping.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are a strategic target when developing green industry, in particular because of limited access to financial resources and technical capacity that will result in impacts to the environment and environmentally unfriendly goods and services.

Infrastructure support from the government - including policies, regulations and incentives - will encourage SMEs and finally green industry, he said.

Chairman of the Association of Indonesian Employers (APINDO) Sofjan Wanandi said that green industry in Indonesia should not merely refer to those practiced in developed countries, which are sometimes not suitable with the conditions in Indonesia.

‘’If we want to improve our competitiveness, the government should use green industry standards similar to those in competitor countries. If the standard is too high, there will be no industry in Indonesia that can pass the requirements and be awarded the title of green industry,’’ he said in a discussion on ‘’Building Green Industry’’ held earlier in Jakarta.

Amidst fierce global competition, each country sometimes has standards that could potentially interfere with other countries’ trade, he said citing Indonesia’s industries in rubber, pulp and paper which were disrupted by ‘’green industry’’ issues.•

MAHENDRA SIREGARHEAD OF INVESTMENT COORDINATING BOARD

AGOES SOFYAN

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JOINT CREDITING MECHANISM, A LOW-CARBON GROWTH PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN INDONESIA AND JAPAN By Ratu Keni Atika and Aryanie Amellina, Indonesia JCM Secretariat and Jun Ichihara, JICA

The history

After three years of discussion, the governments of Indonesia and Japan finally agreed to establish a low carbon growth partnership under the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) scheme. The bilateral agreement was signed in August 2013 in Jakarta by Indonesia’s Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Hatta Rajasa and Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs Fumio Kishida.

The JCM scheme aims to promote investment and deployment of low carbon technologies, products, systems, services and infrastructure in order to achieve low-carbon growth in Indonesia. It is expected to encourage the Japanese private sector to invest in Indonesia, particularly in low-carbon growth activities through incentives provided by the Government of Japan. As a climate change mitigation mechanism, JCM also aims to support fulfilment of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets of both countries. Carbon credits are issued based on the measured amount of GHG emission reductions under the JCM projects that will be shared by the two countries (See Figure 1).

Figure 1. JCM Bbasic Cconcept

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Currently, JCM is in its early stage and still operating as a non-tradable credit type mechanism. Later, it is expected to produce tradable credits. . Although the JCM was developed by referring to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), it is intended to be more simple, practical and flexible while ensuring transparency, credibility and environmental integrity by applying measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) methodologies.

Joint Committee

To make the JCM program work effectively, the governments of Japan and Indonesia have established a Joint Committee, chaired by two co-chairs representing each country. As a decision-making body, the main tasks of the committee are to develop JCM rules and guidelines, register JCM projects, monitor the implementation of JCM, and agree on credit issuance.

The Committee also approves JCM methodologies. These methodologies must be used as reference to calculate the real GHG emissions reduction from related JCM projects and to prepare the project design document (PDD). As of June 2014, the Joint Committee has approved one methodology for power generation by waste heat recovery in the cement industry.

In its first meeting held in October 2013, the Joint Committee adopted the JCM Rules and Guidelines including JCM Rules of Implementation and JCM Project Cycle Procedure. All documents are available on JCM Indonesia website (www.jcmindonesia.com).

The Joint Committee also designates third-party entities that are responsible for project design validation and GHG emissions reduction verification. Currently there are six third-party entities in Indonesia designated by the Joint Committee, most of them Japanese. However, the third-party entities who conduct validation and verification of JCM projects in Indonesia should include Indonesian personnel in their team in order to facilitate and support Indonesian entities.

The Joint Committee has two secretariats established both in Jakarta and Tokyo to support technical work.

So far, Indonesia is the only country among 12 JCM host countries which has a national-level secretariat. The Indonesia JCM Secretariat was established by the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs to assist in project monitoring and

evaluation, methodology preparation, assessment of new activities, and develop technical instruments, among others. The Coordinating Ministry cooperates with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in the Secretariat activities and several policy assessments and studies under the technical cooperation project.

The Indonesia-based JCM Secretariat also facilitates project participants to perform project-based capacity building, establishment and maintenance of registry developed by the Joint Committee and development of new necessary instruments such as the draft sustainable development criteria for JCM projects. This uses 15 indicators covering the four main perspectives of environment, economy, social and technology.

JCM projects

From 2010 to 2014, there have been 75 feasibility studies conducted in Indonesia under the JCM scheme. The feasibility studies include issues on forestry, REDD+, renewable energy, agriculture, transportation, waste handling and disposal, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and SNG, and low-carbon cities (see Table 1).

Studies deemed feasible may be developed into projects. During the 2013 fiscal year, the Japanese government approved 8 projects for the JCM financing support. All projects are related to energy efficiency and renewable energy. As of August 2014, three projects have installed the technology. For instance, one project has replaced an old chiller in a textile factory with a new high-efficiency chiller. Another project installed high-efficiency chillers with natural refrigerant, inverter-controlled air-conditioners, and LED lighting in two Alfa Midi mini-markets in Jakarta. By the end of December 2014, 11 more mini-markets are planned to be covered.

All parties are working together to solve challenges in the implementation of the projects, including the communication

Table 1. JCM Feasibility Studies in Indonesia, FY2010-2014

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process between project participants, or between the Government of Indonesia and the JCM secretariat, particularly related to technical changes and delays in schedules.

In the current fiscal year, the Government of Japan has announced 5 new projects consisting of four energy projects and one renewable energy project for JCM financing support. More projects are expected to be approved in Japanese fiscal year 2014. The first Project Design Document (PDD) and more methodologies will also be submitted for Joint Committee approval in the third JC meeting, due to be held in the second half of 2014. More JCM projects are expected to be developed.

JCM promotion activities

The JCM needs to be promoted to fulfil its huge potential in Indonesia to relevant stakeholders through forums, workshops, trainings, and communication tools/media. Therefore, in April 2014, the first JCM business forum was held by DNPI, JICA and the Secretariat in collaboration with Energy Nusantara, aiming to introduce JCM to the private sector in Indonesia, including research centres, business and finance organisations, and potential project developers. General concepts and opportunities were shared and discussed in the forum (see more details in the JCM business forum report).

To promote the technical aspects of the JCM, several workshops and training on issues related to JCM projects such as rules and guidelines, project methodologies and PDD, and potential projects are to be conducted.

Promotional activities are also held through participation in national and international exhibitions and expos. For instance, in 2013 the JCM held a side event discussion at the Indonesian and Japanese Pavilion at COP 19 in Poland, and similarly at the Carbon Expo in Germany in cooperation with OECC Japan. Similar activities will be expected to be held this year given that such exposure is crucial to gain recognition and acceptance for JCM as it aims to have cooperation on low carbon growth under relevant United Nations programs.

The Indonesia-based JCM Secretariat and JICA are jointly

managing a publically accessible JCM Indonesia website. The content of the website is updated with news and information related to JCM activities, rules and regulations, project information, etc. The website also accommodates public comments on JCM proposed methodologies.

In addition to the promotion of JCM in Indonesia, several assessment studies with JICA will be conducted to support further mainstreaming and smooth implementation of JCM in Indonesia.

Last but not least, the existence of JCM is expected to be a tool of preference to support low-carbon growth in Indonesia with proportional advantages enjoyed by all parties. For complete information on JCM in Indonesia, please visit www.jcmindonesia.com.•

Table 2. List of Projects with JCM Financing Support: FY 2013-2014

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PRIVATE SECTOR ENTHUSIASM FOR LOW-CARBON ACTIVITIES AT THE FIRST JCM BUSINESS FORUMBy Aryanie Amellina, Indonesia JCM Secretariat

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T hanks to the extensive list of Energy Nusantara’s online newsletter subscriber, the Forum welcomed an overwhelming 72 participants. They are mostly from the energy (oil and gas

and renewables) business, although executives from other lines of business such as manufacturing, forestry, agriculture were also present, as well as academic and governmental institutions.

The participants were introduced to the JCM by Mr. Rizal Edwin Manansang, Assistant Deputy Minister for Multilateral Economic Cooperation and Financing, Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs, also Co-Chair of JCM Joint Committee (the JCM steering committee and decision-making body). He expressed the Indonesian government support for the JCM as green investment scheme for low-carbon projects in Indonesia.

From the Japanese government, Mr. Osamu Ishiuchi, the Secretary for Forestry, Fishery and Nature Conservation of the Embassy of Japan and member of JCM Joint Committee took the floor to share the JCM development in 10 countries (the number has grown to 11 countries by the time this article is written) and the flow of JCM activity from feasibility study to pilot projects. He also mentioned that methodologies to quantify greenhouse gas emissions reduction must be developed jointly by Indonesia and Japan.

Discussion grew more technical as Mr. Dicky Edwin Hindarto, Head of Indonesia JCM Secretariat, spoke about the JCM project features and the JCM position in the UNFCCC negotiations. He invited the private sectors involvement in the JCM by conducting feasibility study and/or project, becoming a supporting financial institution, and becoming Third-Party Entities.

Outside the JCM framework, Mr. Darwin Trisna, Head of Advisory, PT. Sarana Multi Infrastruktur and Mr. Gigih

Prakoso, SVP Corporate Strategic Growth, PT. Pertamina shared their view on green growth. Mr. Trisna emphasized the importance of cash flow and risk management in infrastructure project financing while Mr. Prakoso highlighted the necessity of infrastructure to support predicted changes of energy use behaviour.

Many participants were evidently familiar with UNFCCC’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), shown by the number of questions raised about the JCM comparison to CDM. The Forum clearly noted that in its initial stage, unlike CDM, the JCM will issue non-tradable carbon credits which will be divided between Indonesian and Japanese government to help achieving their national greenhouse gases emissions reduction commitments.

Nevertheless, the enthusiasm about new financing opportunity, especially for renewable energy, forestry, and energy efficiency, was shown through discussions on the JCM accessibility. Indonesian-Japanese business partnerships will be key players in the JCM and it will only support measurable greenhouse gas emissions reduction activities that use state-of-the art and proven technologies.

The participants remained active until the open-discussion session moderated by Mr. Joi Surya Dharma of Energy Nusantara, in which development of Measurement, Reporting, and Verification procedure under the JCM was briefly discussed.

The Forum was an important milestone for the JCM in Indonesia, as it was the first official introduction to the business community. It was a pleasure to see the community’s enthusiasm in investing in low-carbon activities. We expect to see stronger efforts by the Indonesian private sectors to support low-carbon development in Indonesia and the JCM active contribution to it.•

JICA, DNPI and the Indonesia Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Secretariat, in collaboration with Energy Nusantara, held the first JCM Business Forum on April 8, 2014 in Jakarta. The Forum was held in Four Seasons Hotel, Kuningan to grasp response and potential barriers to low-carbon activities from business perspective, publicize the JCM, and gather inputs for the development of JCM.

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EROSION IN TAMBLING WILDLIFE NATURE CONSERVATION A SILENT THREAT IN PARADISE By Fairuz Husaini

TAMBLINGWILDLIFE.COM

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Erosion caused by climate change has been going on for decades in coastal areas around Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation, threatening lives and biodiversity in this beautiful place. The idea to make TWNC a model for REDD+ will not only protect the coast and biodiversity richness of that place but also help to protect similar areas elsewhere in Indonesia.

You do not have to go to Africa to see a savannah with dozens of deers clustered, nor go to Russia in Europe to see tigers walk around the beach. Just go to Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation in the West of Lampung province in Sumatera island of Indonesia, where you can see these two amazing scenes at the same time.

Tambling is a name derived from the abbreviation of two districts - Tampang and Belimbing - in the Southern tip of Bukit Barisan National Park on Sumatera island.

South Bukit Barisan National Park has been awarded “Nature World Heritage Site” by the National Committee of World Heritage in 2004.

Comprising a total area of 60,000 hectares, of which forest accounts for 45,000 hectares and the rest is coastal area and beach, TWNC is not only incredibly beautiful but also important for the environmental protection. It is also a place for breeding and raising endangered animals like Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants and clouded leopards, not to mention the dozens of species of reptiles and varieties of biodiversity in its rivers, lakes and seas. Also, many rare plants, such as aerial-rooting banyan trees, jelatong, meranti, and more are preserved and well maintained.

TWNC has been managed since 1996 by Artha Graha, a business network owned by one of Indonesia’s leading businessmen Tommy Winata.

Under his strong hand, relocating hundreds of families who used to live in the forest, Tommy Winata has returned the forest to purity as a protected tropical forest.

As stated on its website, TWNC is a paradise for flora and fauna conservation.

According to Ari Yana, senior staff of TWNC, since Artha Graha managed TWNC there is no more illegal logging, fishing and or hunting which for years were practiced and damaged the protected forest.

“We repair the damaged areas and maintain the existing ones, and plant more trees. We have planted a lot of trees in Tambling. There are many changes since we managed that place,” he said.

On its website, TWNC said that at least 10,000 trees have been planted by Artha Graha since 1998 through its reforestation program.

TWNC is also a place to breed and raise the endangered Sumateran tiger (Panthera Tigris Sumatrae). According to him, in 2013, there were at least 33 tigers in the forest, including nine in the rescue center.

“Before we managed TWNC we just heard about the existence of the Sumateran tiger but we never saw it. Now, we can see tigers walk around the beach, a scene which according to Panthera, can only be seen in Russia,” said Ari, who is also a vet.

Panthera is a conservation organization with a mission to ensure the future of wild cats through scientific leadership and global conservation action. In cooperation with TWNC, Panthera has made a census of Sumateran tigers in TWNC in 2013 and 2014 and found that at least six tigers were found in every 100 km²2 including young ones, the highest population of Sumateran tigers in Southeast Asia.

Panthera, presented award “Tigers Forever” to Indonesia in July 2014 for the country’s success in conserving Sumatran tiger.

Not only tigers, but other animals like deers, elephants, bears, monkeys, and reptiles can be found in TWNC. In addition, marine biodiversity, tropical forest, a lake and a hundred year-old historical tower are other eco tourism attractions that TWNC offers to the world.

TWNC has attracted many visitors, including celebrities, and national and international institutions such as UNESCO, the

Dr. KUSMAN SURIAKUSUMAH, Sp.Kj.MPH.,ExPERT STAFF FOR ADDICTION AND REHABILITATION OF BNN.

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World Bank, and UNODC. In 2012, the international diva Kylie Minogue visited Tambling when her tour arrived in Indonesia. At least 15 foreign ambassadors visited TWNC during the Krakatau Festival in 2009.

According to Rachmat Witoelar, the President’s Special Envoy for Climate Change and Executive Chair of the National Council on Climate Change (DNPI), although small, TWNC can be a model on how to manage the forest properly.

“From the climate change perspective Tambling can be a model of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) for other forests in Indonesia on how to mange the nature in an environmentally friendly and climate change friendly manner,” said Witoelar, who has visited Tambling several times.

Abrasion Threat

However, silently Tambling and all its biodiversity richness and beauty is facing a challange due to climate change: erosion of its coastal area.

This erosion has been going on for decades and is feared to have disturbed the marine biodiversity in TWNC.

There has been no official data issued by TWNC relating to the areas being eroded, but Wikipedia reports that several coastal areas have been eroded by as much as 20 meters, due to global warming impacts to the coastline.

According to Ari Yana, this erosion is taking place particularly

along the west coast of Tambling where the currents of the Pacific and Indian oceans meet.

At this moment, he added, TWNC is coping with the issue using both natural and non-natural ways, namely by putting in breakwater and planting mangroves and other trees.

“We put in breakwater, and also use the shipwrecks to withstand the ocean currents,” he said.

According to Rachmat Witoelar, planting as much mangrove as possible would be a better solution than building breakwater or other constructions.

“The natural way is the best by continuously planting mangrove; do not use constructions,” he said.

Unlike breakwater, mangrove does not need to be renewed every year. Besides preventing abrasion, mangrove is also very important to protect marine biodiversity such as fish, crabs, and, shrimps.

Go Green Drug Rehabilitation

Tambling is not just a paradise for tigers and other rare animals and plants. No less noble, it is a place to help former drug addicts by providing skills and certainly a lesson of life on how to love and protect the environment.

Since 2012, the Indonesian National Narcotics Agency, or BNN, has been working in co-operation with TWNC, and a number of

GIIP/ MASOED

Dr. DIAH SETIA UTAMI, Sp.Kj.MARS,DEPUTY FOR REHABILITATION OF BNN.

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times has sent former addicts to undergo a post rehabilitation program in Tambling. Once there, these former addicts stay on for a few months to learn and work.

For this special program, TWNC has got an appreciation from the the Commission on Drugs and Drugs of the United Nations Agency for Drugs and Crime (UNODC). In December 2012 UNODC’s Executive Director Yury Fedotov visited TWNC.

In Tambling, the former addicts do not just learn how to take care of the environment by maintaining forests, beaches and animals, but they are also given training in agriculture, nurseries, farming, and so on.

Why should we send them to the forest? According to Kusman Suriakusumah, expert staff in rehabilitation at BNN, the approach taken by BNN to send former drug addicts to the forest is not only bringing them to live closer to nature, but also giving them a peaceful place for their soul - something that has been missing inside them.

‘’A post-rehabilitation nature conservation based program is one form of therapy healing for drug addict patients, as they are directly in contact with nature which is good for the recovery process,’’ said Kusman, one of the initiators of the program .

According to Kusman, in Tambling these ex-addicts were given activities directly involving nature, whether obvious or not, like looking after and maintaining the forest, caring for coral reefs, raising animals, and so on.

The Program, known as After Care, has been developed in various countries as a new way to address drug problems, said Kusman.

In the United Kingdom, for example, he said, there is a well-known foundation called Natural England which is responsible for maintaining the natural environment in England. The foundation, led by the British royal family, has a variety of activities to help the victims of drug addicts by employing them in the forest such as looking after the forest, or numbering individual trees in the forest.

It is clear that for BNN this post-rehabilitation program is a very important one. Deputy Head of BNN for Rehabilitation Diah Utami said that the post-rehabilitation program is very helpful for these former addicts to prepare them before they return to society and start to live normal lives.

“Once out of rehab, a former drug addict’s rehabilitation is not yet complete, and he still needs to follow a long process. Therefore he should be mentally strengthened to be able to face any situation without having to run to the drug as a solution, because the real rehabilitation is in the community,” said Diah in an interview with Green magazine in early February in her office at BNN’s headquarters in East Jakarta.

While at the rehabilitiation center, the drug addicts are well protected, “Whenever they are in a bad mood they can go to a counsellor, if they feel sick there is a doctor, if they need someone to talk to they go to a psychiatrist. Everything is available in the rehabilitiation center, but outside? How if he, for instance, argues with his wife, where does he go to complain?

If his personality is not strong enough to cope with a problem, he could turn to drugs again,” she said.

Relapse is something that BNN pays careful attention to, given that the tendency of this phenomenon occurring is quite high.

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According to BNN’s data, year on year the number of drug addicts in Indonesia is increasing, despite vigorous efforts to combat this. In 2012, for example, the figure reached approximately 4.5 million people, up from 3.6 million the previous year. Surprisingly, this increase in the number of addicts comes not only from newcomers, but also from old users who have relapsed again, despite having undergone a rehabilitation process.

According to Kusman, “Nearly 80% of drug addicts who come out of rehab will relapse again.”

Many factors trigger a relapse, he added, including the absence of support from the community.

“The stigma of being an addict is still perceived negatively in our communities, so they do not welcome these former addicts. It happens not only in the wider community, but even within their own family, even though they are already free of drugs, “ he said.

According to Kusman besides being a positive rehabilitation program, this eco-friendly rehabilitation also brings added value to tourism.

‘’If it is managed creatively for tourism, it can provide income for the nation,’’ he said.

In the future, he said, this nature-based post-rehabilitation within an area of natural conservation can be a destination for tourists, by opening the program up to patients from all over the world.

According to him, health program based tourism has now become a trend across the world. An example is yoga tourism to India. In Thailand, said Kusman, rehabilitation programs for drug addicts are set up in Buddhist temples.

In Italy, there is a famous location for rehabilitation called San Patrignano. Addicts come here from all over the world. In San Patrignano, they are cured and then trained in various skills, such as cookery, baking cakes, making cheese or wine, or learning about hotel services: laundry and so on.

Indonesia, he said, has a huge potential for something similar, given that Indonesa has a lot of nature conservation areas, both forest and marine, which are widely known as being outstandingly beautiful.

According to Diah, the go-green post-rehabilitation program is clearly a positive one, although it needs to be improved given that the program is relatively new; the National Narcotics Agency itself was only established in 2012.

It requires an understanding from all parties involved in the program, whether the former addicts who will be sent there, or our own officials who escort them, she said.

“I also have to educate our staff. Those working out in the field must know and understand about go-green rehabilitation, what this concept means, what nature conservation means,” she said.

For this purpose, she said, BNN is planning to work together with the National Council for Climate Change by inviting environmental experts from the NCCC to educate BNN staff about the environment, ranging from theory to program.

This, she added, is very important considering that eco-rehabiliation is a relatively high cost program. To send twenty people for a 50-day stay in the forest costs at least 400 million, she said.

“That’s not cheap at all, nor easy if all those costs fall on BNN,” she said.

In the future, a cost-sharing system with the relevant institutions will be proposed. In addition, BNN will also search for alternative locations where it can send former addicts.

“Maybe we do not have to send them all away to far-flung destinations; we can also start with places closer to home, for example here in Jakarta they could clean Ciliwung River,” she said.

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Tambling project

Sustainable Drug Rehabilitation: the experience of an ex-addict who has gone through rehab at Tambling.

His name is Surya Darmawan. This interview was conducted at the BNN Shelter in Cipinang, East Jakarta on Thursday 20 February, 2014.

More than just trees and mosquitoes

Sometimes life is so unpredictable. Surya Darmawan, 38, was a drug addict. Now, he fights against drugs. The experience of staying in the middle of the forest completely changed his life. Together with 60 other drug addicts, he joined a post-rehabilitation program for drug addicts in Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) in western Lampung province, a twenty hour journey from Jakarta.

Sending ex junkies to the forest for at least three months is a co-operative program between the Indonesian Narcotics Agency, or BNN, and the Artha Graha Group which manages TWNC.

Under the program, the residents are trained how to survive through the provision of different kinds of skills such as agriculture, husbandry, and workshops. Plus, they are taught to love the environment by routinely taking care of the forest and the coast every day.

It is not easy in the beginning when they arrive in the Tambling forest.

“We were shocked, as we were used to living in the city and suddenly had to stay in the forest,” he said in an interview with Green magazine in Jakarta at the end of February.

There, they had to live in the forest for three months with minimum facilities. They slept in a big tent on a thin mattress, had to cook with wood-fuel, and electricity from the generator was only available from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. The rest is nothing.

“Except trees and mosquitoes,” he said.

Indeed, it is not an easy life to go through. Certainly not. But they have to somehow accept it and face it.

Every morning they must wake up at 5 and take exercise before they have breakfast. Then, they are taught about farming. They plant chilli, vegetables, and other things. After lunch they get a class from TWNC about forests, including how to survive in the forest when you get lost and have no compass with you.

After class, it’s break-time. They play football, or just walk around, or take a shower before dinner time. During the weekend, they are free to wander around near their tents with in the forest.

Surya lived in the forest in Tampang for a month. For the remaining two months, he was moved to Belimbing, still in a forest area, but this time close to the sea.

Here, he was trained about maritime matters. He opted for this. The other residents took other skill sets available such as farming, husbandry, workshops, and hospitality.

His daily activities every morning were cleaning the beach, cleaning the boats used for sea patrol, and cleaning the dock. In the evening, he sometimes joined the sea patrol. It is a marine conservation area, meaning that fishermen are not allowed to fish there. Not within a 10km radius, he said.

``If we found fishermen in the forbidden zone, we would warn them to get out of there,`` ,” he said. The sea patrols usually took place from late evening until early morning.

During break-times, he usually swam in the sea, watched the television provided at the dock post, or chatted with the Marine Corps members who were posted there. From them, he learned how to drive a boat and how to snorkel.

Living in Tambling has taught him good lessons and provided him with a good personal experience.

“I am stronger now. I can face problems without having to turn to drugs like I used to do in the past,” he said.

After Tambling, he has lived in an ‘assistance home’, a facility provided by BNN for a post-rehabilitation continuation program for drug addicts. The house is located in East Jakarta and also serves as a residence for former addicts undergoing long-term recovery. It is located in a safe environment, a part of society but under the supervision of a professional with structured programs.

Surya now works for BNN in the fight against drugs. He helps other addicts who are undergoing rehabilitation in the hospitals or rehabilitation centers by giving them advice or other necessary assistance. The help of an ex-addict to addicts.

“Onlyformer addicts can understand these addicted patients,” he said.

According to him, a post-rehabilitation program is very important for the long term recovery process of an addict. After rehabilitation, he said, “an anaddict does not know what to do, they want to work but they do not have any skills, finally they meet with their old friends again and usually end up using drugs again.”

The post-rehabilitation program like that in Tambling gives former addicts some skills to equip them for work. Last but not least, as Surya experienced, living in Tambling has taught him about caring for the environment.

Taking care of the trees in the forest and cleaning the beach, as he did in Tambling, left a distinct impression.

“Now, I do care about sanitation. I feel disturbed when I see trash carelessly discarded,” he said.•

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• GREEN CLIMATE CHAMPIONS

Nurul Qomaril Arifin is a former Indonesian artist who was voted in as a Member of Parliament for the 2009-2014. Born in Bandung on July 18, 1966, Nurul is an ‘intelligent’ artist. She twice received scholarships: from the Ford Foundation to study gender and sexuality in 1990, and in 2000 from the University of Indonesia. Her thinking around climate change in relation to gender is interesting: humans and nature must be united in harmony in order to create social welfare.

Basically, we cannot deny nor avoid climate change, but have to make policies related to it since it affects all aspect of people’s lives. All 7 billion of the world’s population would be prosperous if their needs for food and clothing were met. Now, food and clothing are inseparable from climate change and ecosystems. They affect one another.

“If humanity is friendly to nature, there will be no floods, tsunamis or other natural disasters.”

In her view, to reduce the impact of climate change means reducing population growth. If, she said, the campaign

NURUL ARIFIN

Human + Nature Harmony = SocialWelfareBy AG Sofyan & M. Rudi Wahyono

If humanity is friendly to nature, there will be no floods, tsunamis or other

natural disasters.

GREEN LIFESTYLE

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IST

AGOES SOFYAN

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IST

that “two children in a family is enough” is successful, the population would be at zero growth. Family planning must be related to natural resources. Nature provides food and other human needs. Therefore, if the population can be controlled, the government can map the existing resources to sufficiently meet all our needs, she said.

Population control for the sake of prosperity is a must and makes sense. Besides a husband’s right, there is also the right of the state in relaltion to a woman’s womb. In this situation, a married couple cannot be selfish about having children. They have to consider the future generations. The people’s mindset saying that ’many children brings prosperity’ does not make sense to me. Neither does the domination of the male gender over females. Until now, there is still domination by the masculine gender. When parents decide to send their children to school, their priority is for the boy. Therefore, many girls drop out of school or even become illiterate because they do not go to school.

Besides controlling the population, she believes that the government should play a wider key role. The government, as a leader, must set a good example. Indonesia is a law abiding society, for instance, they are fined for traffic violations. This can be practiced for environmental issues. The government should hand out firm sanctions for violations related to waste, for instance, those who do not take out their waste to a landfill site should be punished. The government must initiate this kind of movement in order to avoid man-made disasters. ‘Green politics’ is not just jargon for the government, but it should be followed by concrete actions.

Achievement

Nurul Arifin was honoured by the PelitaIlmu Foundation

as an “Artist Caring for AIDS” in 1999. In 2003, she was one of the few qualified woman appointed as a legislative candidate for non-governmental organization. She also received appreciation recognition from the Indonesian National Narcotics Agency as an Artist who Cares about Drugs. In 2004, she was invited to be an Environmental Envoy by the Ministry of Environment and The Indonesian Environmental Forum (Walhi). In the same year, she also received an award from the Family Planning Board. In 2005, she was appointed a Young Global Leader by the World Forum in Switzerland.

Women and Parliament

The lack of women in parliament has given her the drive to run in the legislative elections. Much of the legislation produced by parliament does not accommodate women’s interests since parliament is still dominated by male members.

She said women should get access and adequate facilities at the decision-making level, so that they can carry out their work as ‘educators’. “How can it be that in practice there are so many constraints faced by women?” asked the mother of two children.

In the 2014 legislative elections, many political parties are still reluctant to meet the requirement to allocate 30% of their seats to women, saying that society is not yet ready for it. But based on Nurul’s experience, many women in remote areas are vocal and aware of social issues. “Female party members are numerous, but there is no good will from the party to give them a chance. Finally, they only work on party internal affairs. Frankly speaking, it’s like a competition to get a job,” she said.•


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PromotingGreen CitiesBy AG Sofyan and Fairuz Husaini

Today, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities. As the urban population grows and the effects of climate change worsen, cities have to evolve. It’s time for cities to invest in efficiency and renewable energy, rebuild themselves and begin to solve the climate crisis . Calling for a new era of green cities have become a global campaign nowadays.

A good city can meet the needs of the people on basic needs like home, food, clean water, electricity, public facilities like roads, transpotation, park, public sphere like plaza, security, economic support and sanitazion

In context of climate change, it is more than just good city but climate friendly as well or so called green city. Green city principles consists of three main issues: green energy , green buildings and green transportation.

Green energy means the city uses renewable energy. Most of the world currently relies on outdated electric generation structures that are extremely inefficient and dirty. A transition to renewable energy sources helps city more sustainable.

Buildings account for nearly one third of all global

greenhouse gas emissions. Through simple efficiency and design improvements to buildings can reduce those emissions drastically. City needs to switch the performance based building codes, and improve financing options to be green buildings.

Transportation is the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, three quarters of which comes directly from road vehicles. To reduce these emissions and the resulting smog, city needs to improve standards, increase public transportation options, invest in alternative transportation, and improve city walkability and bikeability.

Are there cities in Indonesia which have qualified as green cities?

International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Indonesia Country Director Irvan Pulungan said Surabaya, Jakarta, Bandung and Bogor are heading to that way. ‘’They are champions. Compared to other cities in Indonesia, they build themselves in a different way towards climate friendly cities,’’ he said.

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ICLEI or Local Governments for Sustainability, founded in 1990 is is an international association of local governments and national and regional local government organizations that have made a commitment to sustainable development.

According to him, most of cities in Indonesia tend to develop themselves in conventional ways such as building shopping malls and automotive show rooms, but these four cities have a unique way which is in environmentally and climate friendly manner.

In Bandung for instance, earth hour campaign is conducted once per month, while other places in the world only once per year. For the time being it is only for local governmental buildings and residentials.

‘’In cooperation with ICLEI it will be up graded to be three times a week, especially in the local government buildings and schools in the first year. This should be highly appreciated, ’’ he said.

In Bogor, also in cooperation with ICLEI, and German NGO on Sustainable Urban Transport, the local government build 23.5 km road for pedstrians connecting train station with Bogor botanical garden.

‘’From train station people can walk to the Botanical garden instead of using cars or motors. How much emission can be saved? The road is four- meter wide and flat . It is also comfortable for persons with special needs,’’ he said. Cities in Indonesia can develop and transform themselves into green cities as long as the local leaders have a political will to do so, he said. ‘’The problem is not whether they can or not but they want or not.’’

In addition, the role of central government is also significant in encouraging initiatives of local governments in developing green cities. ‘’There should be a recognizion for cities which have initiatives to build themselves in climate friendly manners with incentives, for instance, ‘’ he said.

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Jakarta Towards a Green MetropolisBy AG Sofyan

The 2010’s report of the Canada-based International Development Research Centre (IDRC) shows Jakarta is the most vulnerable city in Southeast Asia for climate change impacts.

It is one of reasons Jakarta Governor Fauzi Bowo issued a local regulation on the local government action on the reduction of greenhouse gas emission in Jakarta by 30 percent in in 2030 from the level of emissions in that year.

Beside the commitment also a response to the national commitment announced by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by 26 percent on own efforts and 41 percent with international assistance in 2020.

The Jakarta administration has made many actions in order to make the city environmentally and climate friendly.

The local government has targeted a green space by 30 percent of its total area in the 2010-2030 periods.

In cooperation with the Ministry of Public Works, Jakarta administration held a competition on the plan and design for Jakarta as a Green Metropolis in 2050.

The competition open the public held from November 2012 until May 2013 aimed to absorb public aspiration and ideas on an appropriate how to make development plan for Jakarta

development sustainable.

Senior planologist Eko Budihardjo said that the concept of Green Metropolis can be a strategic plan for urban areas like Jakarta.

‘’Green Metropolis means that the urban area is well planned; therefore it is compact, energy efficient, does not depend on private vehicles but on public transportation instead, and has eco-friendly buildings and open public spaces, ’’ he said.

According to Pulungan in the context of climate change, Jakarta has several good policies such as the energy-based local government commitment to reduce GHG emissions. He refers to the use of gas for Jakarta’s transportation Busway. Also, other public transportation such as MRT which is now under construction.

‘’It is not an answer for bad traffic in Jakarta, but it deserves an appreciation,’’ he said adding many other policies such as car free day, city parks, all aim to reduce emission.

However, those good policies should be comprehensive instead of partial, otherwise they remains good as policies but not in the implementation.

‘’City parks, for instance, how to make people go there without using cars or motors otherwise it is useless because it produces more emission instead of reduces, ‘’ he said.•

Today, Ciliwung river is heavily polluted and many of its natural banks along the river has been occupied by

squatters.

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SHUTTERSTOCK

Surabaya Mayor Tri Rismaharini received the Socrates Award 2014 from the European Business Assembly in London end of March. Surabaya gets the award for City of Future category.

Surabaya’s Greening BreakthroughsBy AG Sofyan

Thanks to Mayor Tri Rismawati. In her hands, Surabaya used to be dry and polluted city now looks greener and lovely.

She renovated at least 22 city parks spread in the city. She does not only plan trees but also give facilities for public such as wi-fi access, sport facilities, children playground and even a library.

´´From the beginning, I want to change the perception of Surabaya as a hot and hard city,´´ said Risma, who was Head of the City’s Cleanliness and Landscaping Service.

She received many appreciations for what she has done. Bungkul Park, one of the well known city parks located in an area of dense traffic area in the center of city received the 2013 Asian Townscape Award from the United Nations as the best park in Asia.

ISTIMEWA

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IST

Surabaya also received Swasti Saba Padapa, a national award given by the Ministry of Health for its consistent efforts in creating a healthy, clean and self-sufficient city.

For Risma, a city park should be a space for people to socialize and recreate instead of just a garden with lovely flowers and trees.

Therefore, she plans to create more parks, even in unusual places such as a used landfill and fruit parks.

She does not stop in making city parks, Risma also plants mangrove. In cooperation with private companies, schools, universities and communities she initiated the planting of 5,000 mangroves along the coast of Surabaya.

The mangrove forest is not only for environmental protection, but also to support the economy of the people living in the surrounding area by cultivating the trees to produce batik, syrup and other food products.

The city park is one of a concept for a good city as a public sphere for people to interact and communicate, Pulungan said.

‘’There is a study in Surabaya shows that the existence of city parks has impacted to the reduction of crime, because in the parks people can interact, ’’ he said.

However, he added, the local government should not only make city parks, but the most important is how to make an integrated them with public transportation access.•

Bandung: A Climate Friendly CityBy AG Sofyan Bandung is not just a fashion city, soon it will be a park city. Imagine, the Mayor plans to build 600 city parks in the city which covers 167,7 km2. It means there is one park in less than a kilometer.

And, it is not just a park, but thematic one based on interests of the people. There is photographic park for

those who love photography or football park for soccer lovers. There is also park for singles, for to meet their partner to be.

Bandung Mayor Ridwan Kamil, graduated from the School of Architecture at Bandung Institute of Technology and received his Master in Urban Design from the University of Berkeley California in the United

States, wants to change the face of the city,

balancing the economy, social and environment.

“The economic, social, and environmental issue is like an equilateral triangle. They have to be in balance. The fact is, Bandung has been exploited economically, but lack of social and the environmental issues,’’ he said in an interview with Green Magazine.

The city’s economic growth reached 9%, the highest among other cities in all over the country, he said, but the people are not as happy as should be. ‘’Around 600,000 people are stressful because city does not provide enough open green spaces for them,’’ he said.

Therefore, the first thing to do as he posted the Mayor’s seat is to make Bandung comfortable and green by among others making city parks as many as possible.

According to Pulungan, more than just making city parks Ridwan also has issued various regulations and plans which are environmentally and climate friendly, namely electricity buses for public transportation, no drink in plastic bottles, led lights in the local government offices, no paper printing and urban farming movement and many more.

According to Pulungan, Bandung administration has an interesting regulation regarding to the building permit ‘’IMB’’ for office to be build in the city.

‘’You will not get the building permit (IMB) until you make a roof top garden in the building,’’ he said.•

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• BOOK REVIEW

The most important and interesting thing from Germany regarding to its renewable energy is when the country decided phasing out its its nuclear energy gradually in the next 11 years. The decision was announced shortly after the disaster at Japan’s Fukushima nuclear reactors are leaking from the earthquake and tsunami that hit the country two months earlier. Germany currently has 17 nuclear reactors, eight of which are already offline, supplies 23% of its domestic electricity. The country has decided to no longer rely on nuclear energy and switched to use renewable energy. Renewable energy is still contributing 13 percent, but with massive investments Germany hopes to have renewable sources provide 35 percent of its electricity by 2020, and reach 80 percent by 2050.

Germany’s decision to phase out nuclear energy use and replace with renewable energy is not yet a trend followed by other European countries, except Switzerland, a smaller country, which also has decided to abandon plans to build new nuclear reactors and will phase out its existing plants.

France, for instance, has 58 nuclear plants, and two others under construction. The Netherlands, deeply committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, intends to build new nuclear plants along with developing more renewable energy sources. Britain has no plans to reduce its dependence on nuclear power. Poland is committed to pursuing a nuclear energy program, despite the expense.

The book ‘’Renewable Energies: Perspectives for a Sustainable Energy Future’’shows renewable energies can make a substantial contribution to power supply, even in leading industrial nations like Germany. Germany is the fourth largest industrial location in the world.

Related to renewable energy development Germany has taken a pioneering role towards a sustainableenergy system. In the last ten years, the contribution of renewable energies to its electricity generation has increased almost threefold.

International figures shows a steady increase in renewable energy capacity. Today, renewable energies already satisfy almost one fifth of global demand. German government supports its foreign markets in renewable energies by giving facilities to companies concerned. Today, German’s renewable energy industries stand out internationally due to their exerience, high qualified products and capacity for innovation. They have worldwide standards in research and development of technologies, production processes and service sectors.Solar roof developed by German energy agency ‘’Dena” is a flagship product regonized worldwide.

Base on Germany success on development of renewable energy development there is 9 key points of lesson learn i.e.: First, Equality and access and distribution for all. Second, conservation of resources. Third, preservation of biological diversity. Fourth, compatibility with the environment, the climate and human health. Fifth, social compatibility. Sixth, Low risk and error tolerance.Seventh, comphrehesive economic efficiency. Eight, demands-responsiveness and permanent security of supply. Ninenth, International cooperation.

The world should learn from German experience in developing renewable energies following with the reducing fossil fuel reserves. Energy transition that German government has taken is a very good lesson for other countries especially developing country like Indonesia to depend more on renewable energies. Morover, Indonesia has many and varied natural resources which can be a huge potentials to exploit renewable energies.

The ‘Energy crisis’ that facing by the country rise up the awareness that this ‘energy transition’ requires of a ‘rethink’ from ‘political leaders’ worldwide especially developing country like Indonesia. By the Law No. 30, 2007 Government of Indonesia set up the Development of Renewable Energy and Conservation Implementation. Nationally Government of Indonesia already give the incentive and facility for renewable energy development such as micro-hydro and geothermal but some many problem still threaten the realization of this alternative energy development such as infrastructure and price barrier.•

RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: LEARNING FROM GERMANY By M. Rudi Wahyono

Book:Renewable Energies: Perspectives for a Sustainable Energy Future Publisher: Federal Republic of German Year:December 2011 Pages:152

SHUTTERSTOCK

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• GREEN CLIMATE HIGHLIGHTS

PROPER:ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD FOR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN INDONESIABy M Rudi Wahyono

PROPER is responsible for assessing business efforts or activities to control pollution and environmental damage It is a policy tool developed by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) to encourage compliance of the various environmental regulations and responsible business practices, an information tool for consumers, disseminating environmental compliance performance of each company to all stakeholders on a national scale.

T he late Professor Dr. Koesnadi Hardjasoemantri was the founder of PROPER. He stated that PROPER is an environmental management incentive that

hinges business reputation; positive public reputation for companies with a good environmental management performance (those rated green and gold) and a negative public image for companies with a poor environmental management performance (those rated red and black).The result is that, in a relatively short time, there was an increase in the environmental performance of companies that follow PROPER, due to its ability to provide information for policy makers, Environment NGOs and the general public. This converts the information into public pressure; the public force to companies to improve their environmental performance.

PROPER breaks the assumption that environmental performance is always poor in developing countries because governments will prioritize economic development as compared to government economic policies in other countries. The World Bank’s World Development Report report published in 1998 praised PROPER as a model for a modern knowledge-based policy instrument. PROPER inspired other governments such as the Philippines, Thailand, India, and Colombia to create similar initiatives.

Although there was a period of inactivity, similar programs in other countries that were inspired by PROPER were deemed successful. Then, with the acceptance of sustainable development that involves socio-economic and environmental aspects, in Indonesia came the attempt to establish a private sector social program known as Corporate Social Responsibility in the development scheme. This progress should be appreciated as a measurement for social performance of the private sector cannot be separated from the measurement of environmental performance.

Efforts to revive PROPER in Indonesia increased. There are some issues that must be resolved before social and environmental performance measurements can be combined, as environmental performance measurements are more established due to PROPER.. This is particularly related to community development programs that will be used as the basis of social performance measurement and the performance measurement characteristics of the environment through PROPER.

The first issue is the absence of social indicators in the bottom three ranks. This will be seen as problematic if PROPER becomes a measurement of environmental and social performance.

Putting social indicators behind environmental indicators

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Environment Minister Professor Dr. Balthasar Kambuaya hand over PROPER Award on December 10, 2013.

INDOCEMENT

may lead to accusations of eco facism, prioritizing the environment over the balance between humans and the environment. It is also not in accordance with the basic idea of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility that puts environmental and social aspects in equal position.

Reduction of social responsibility in community development is the second issue that must also be considered. Community development is one course of four schemes of corporate social responsibility toward the community. If PROPER is to assess the social performance of the company, all four schemes of corporate social responsibility should be assessed as a whole.

The third issue relates to the social performance indicators proposed by PROPER. These indicators are a combination of input, process, and outcome. This is not consistent with the stated performance-based assessment that PROPER has so far followed. Related to this, is the issue that social performance indicators are difficult to measure, which may lead to disputes between the Ministry and the company. This issue should be addressed through providing clear and measurable guidelines.

These four problems are related to the PROPER assessment scheme and to solve them requires a

combination of minor and incremental repairs with permanent changes to the evaluation scheme, to minimize disputes. However, it must be noted that the problems with PROPER did not occur solely due to the addition of the social indicators.

The most prominent ongoing issue relates to methodology and human resources assessment. Many parties expressed the need for improvement of the indicators used to determine the company’s environmental performance, as well as the measurement techniques. In addition, many also comment that the Ministry does not have an adequate amount of human resources to fully assess companies at a large enough scale. In addressing these issues, everything should be solved by mutual cooperation of all parties involved.

If we conclude the general criteria for environment rating in Indonesia as follows.

...........................................................................................................GoldBusiness activity must show the consistency on environmental excel-lency in various aspects i.e. : production process, engineering, and on services, high ethic on doing business and responsibility and impact on positively on the community neighborhood. The company which achieve this ‘top environment rating’ already mention on reducing program on green house gas emission on their activity.

...............................................................................................................

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The Minister of Environment, Balthasar Kambuaya and Head of Envi-ronmental Rating Board Surna T. Djajadingrat pictured with the 2013 PROPER Gold winners.

GreenBusiness activity already implemented environmental management more the regulation (beyond compliance) through environmental man-agement system. Also implement of natural resources management by efficient through 4R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle dan Recovery), and do the Corporate Social Responsibility /Community devevlopment) with the proper manner.

................................................................................................................BlueFor the business activity which implement and compliments the envi-ronmental management system and environmental regulation both local and national level.

................................................................................................................Red For the business activity which implements the environmental system and below the regulation standard and the company is on the process of administration sanction.

...............................................................................................................Black For the business activity who’s are doing the careless mistake which are impact on environmental pollutions and having environmental qual-ity degradation and also broke the environmental regulation (local or national) or not yet implement the administration sanction.

Environment Rating Figure

The 2013 PROPER ratings awarded a Gold rating include PT Indocement (Palimanan Factory), Chevron Geothermal Salak Ltd., and PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Komajang Area. The rest of the awardees are published for public consumption on the Ministry of Environment website. Deputies of the Ministry of Environment said that the Environmental Pollution Control from the 2013 PROPER evaluation of waste water treatment parameters

based on data from 634 companies in the period from 2008-2010 and 2009 till 2011 recorded that 50 percent experienced improved performance with indications of an increase in environment ratings, while 38 percent remained unchanged, and 12 percent experienced a marked decline in environmental performance. The environment ratings markedly decreased as consequence. From the PROPER evaluation of air pollution from 654 companies recorded that there were 25 percent increased, 64 percent remained the same and 11 percent experienced a decrease. This data shows that air pollution improvements are more difficult to achieve by companies.

Sustainable Consumption & ProductionOne important aspect in for PROPER in the future is the introduction of Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) in the industry or company production process. SCP is an important concept for climate change was first proposed at the 1992 Rio Declaration and reaffirmed in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation 2002. On Environment Day World in 2013, Indonesia was the country with the First SCP Action Plan. The Ministry of Environment launched the 10-year Framework in Indonesia for 2013 to 2023. These efforts realize and accelerate the adoption of Law 32/2009, on the Protection and Management of Environment, as well as to provide a forum for the public and stakeholders to actually make an effort toward environmental management and protection towards sustainable development.

For the first phase, the proposed programs include the

MOE 2014

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How is PROPER rating for companies and industries so far?

From the development trend for the PROPER environment rating assessment until the end of 2013, the number of companies and industries that follow proper as well as those who obtain high grades (PROPER Blue, Green and Gold) is increasing. This shows a positive trend; more and more industries and companies seek to comply with the rules, especially those related to environmental regulation set by government. PROPER is a mechanism and criteria to assess adherence to environmental management best practices and disseminate the assessment to stakeholders, so as to create major behavioral changes and improve compliance to environmental regulations, especially around company or industry activity. To improve competitiveness in the market, the company can apply the concept of the green economy by providing added value on better investment in natural resources, human resources and economic capital while reducing impact on the environment and social inequality.

What are the contexts with Emission Reduction?

The Ministry of Environment has intensified and expanded this program because PROPER plays a major role in preventing pollution and is socially beneficial to the community and business industry. This was done to encourage the 48 companies rated Green and Gold to lower the water pollution load by 11.8 million tons, and 65 companies who were rated Green and Gold decreased air pollution load by 2,930 tons and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 646982 CO2eq tones through implementation of various innovations and the best practices of environmental management.

Between 2012 and 2013 the Ministry alongside the provincial environmental institutions throughout Indonesia provided oversight to the environmental management performance of 1,812 companies. The number of these industries, increased by 38 percent from the previous period (2011-2012) of 1,317 companies that included manufacturing, mining , energy, oil and gas, agro-industry and services sectors and regions.•

Minister of Environment,

Prof. DR. Balthasar Kambuaya MBA

More Companies ConcernedOn Emission ReductionBy M Rudi Wahyono & Agus Sofyan

Green Public Procurement, Green Building, Green Industry and Green Tourism, “Quick Wins” implemented by the Ministry in cooperation with relevant technical ministries, namely the Ministry of Public Works, Government Goods and Services Procurement Agency, the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Tourism with program implementation included in the National Medium Term Development Plan 2015-2019.

“Our initial target for the next ten years is that at least 50 government-owned green buildings in every town and to open up the market for green-oriented construction.” Said Henri Bastaman, the Deputy Minister for the Environment and Development Facility for Technical Capacity. In addition, Green Public Procurement (GPP), the procurement of

goods in all government agencies will be standardized and applied. Meanwhile, for implementation of Green Industry and Green Tourism, the Ministry of Environment will work with a number of related ministries and agencies. The SCP itself focuses on efforts to reduce the negative impacts of unsustainable consumption and production. It is hoped that the SCP may be a solution for mitigation actions and a way to adapt to climate change. However, this is noticeably weaker than design-based mitigation actions such as rehabilitation and reforestation as the impact of this action is felt over time and in the long-term. •

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Surna Tjahja Djajadiningrat was a professor of environmental management at School of Business and Management of the Bandung Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. in natural resources economic and environment from the University of Hawaii-USA. His last position was Chair of Steering Committee of Environment Rating Program at the Ministry of Environment. He was one of a few scholars called as a ‘Hero on Environment’ who had broad experience in environmental issues. He was a Deputy Minister of Environment and a senior officer at the Ministry of Mining and Mineral Resources. The interview took place just a few weeks before he passed away on August 31st 2014.

How is the environment condition in Indonesia?

We have launched a development concept which is based on the 4P principles, namely pro-growth, pro-poor, pro-environment, and pro -jobs.

Pro-growth, for instance, if we look at the development in Borneo we could argue that we have not applied the principles of a sustainable development. Destructive exploitations of natural resources are being practiced through main business activities including in oil palm plantation and mining sector.

According to the government, Indonesia’s economic growth is 6.1 percent. That figure is, however, an illusory as it does not include environmental and natural accounting. When Emil Salim was Minister of Environmentthe economic growth was seven percent, but he said the real growth was only four percent because the remaining three percent was depletion of natural resources. So, it was a negative growth, in fact.

As for the pro-poor principle, the GINI ratio in Indonesia shows an increasing gap of income. In the New Order era, the GINI ratio was only about 0.2, however, in the beginning of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s government in 2004 the

GINI index increased to 0.33, and later in his second term it reached to 0.41 indicating the very distance increasing the gap of income in the society.

Related to pro-jobs principle, in Borneo, for instance, until today, the unemployement rate is still high especially because many companies were taken over by international companies which is capital intensive oriented and hiring less unskillful employees.

I personally consider the fourth principle, pro-environment, is not yet achieved. This is everyone’s responsibility.

What should we do then?

Sustainable development should be part of the responsibility of every leader in our country. It is no longer a responsibility of companies or industrial sectors only. Hopefully, in the presidential elections we would have a leader who is concerned about environment and firmly implementing the principles of a sustainable development.

Many companies which got the ‘Gold PROPER’ award have applied environmental and social principles as part of their production activities. Indeed, now, more companies have a strong commitment to promote a sustainable development. This year alone, 12 companies were awarded with the Gold PROPER prize. However, only a few companies are able to implement a development paradigm which is based on three pillars: profit (economy), people (environment) and planet (social).

The law enforcement must be strong and indiscriminately as done by the Corruption Eradication Committee “KPK” in eradicating corruption. Environmental violations also impact to a long-term corruption.

Prof. Surna T. DjajadiningratIN MEMORIAM

Our Developmentis not SustainableBy M.Rudi Wahyono

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ISTIMEWA

What are the emerging challenges and solutions?

Economic and environmental issues are inviolable. However, enforcement of environmental laws should be done by the Ministry of Environment through setting of standards that must be obeyed by business people. The most important factor is communication, I think there is a lack of communication from Ministry. The Ministry should be proactively working together with various parties to provide environment-based rewards and disincentives, such as through a clean-city program for urban development level, or award like Kalpataru for community activists and a driving force for the environment, and PROPER award which is targeted to business and industrial activities.

What about community’s participation?

The public should be aware and willing to be discipline themselves. Avoid to live in the flood or restricted areas because that means they will be part of the environmental problem.

Economists should understand that natural resources as a gift from God and as an integral part of the economic paradigm because basically all natural resources are owned by the community.

Science and technology play a significant role and should not be focused on trends like cheap car product, for example. In the future we have to focus on creating green technology.

How is the correlation between un-sustainable development and climate change?

The fundamental issue of climate change is global capitalism which destroys the circle of life, regardless the social justice, the people’s rights and their traditional values. In terms of climate change mitigation and adaptation the developing countries are forced to adapt with technology that requires investment which is financed more from loan instead grant. The situation is getting

worse for climate change mitigation, even for our country.

How can it happen ?

Indonesia which has huge natural resources unfortunately is very weak in political bargaining especially to the developed countries. Why? because we are already trapped in the WTO agreement and then it is followed with bilateral agreements which are detrimental to our national interest. Also, our law on investment which allows foreign investment to 100 percent ownership despite we contribute in the human and natural resources. Look at concessions on mining, mineral, gas, forest, industrial plantation, peatland management and palm oil plantation. Meanwhile, the government’s program called the Master Plan for Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development (MP3EI) which should be the blue print of development, unfortunately, tend to exploit natural resources than support the sustainable development. It is also contrary to the middle-term development plan.

Could you explain about the direction of our development in the future?

First, we have to implement the four principles of the development concept. This country must have a clear direction to achive a long-term sustainable development which later will determine the medium and short term targets.

Second, the development must be holistic and be comprehensive, multisectoral with infrastructure which is not merely physical but also including sub-structure and social culture of the people. Third, our country is famous for its biodiversity and diversity in culture and community and they should be part of the sustainable development in terms of cultural, ecological and social resources.

Finally, there must be efforts to prevent pollution, including to apply the quality standards in environment, institution and law enforcement

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O n the other hand, the interest of investors to invest in this country is still high. The hustle and bustle of political situation in Indonesia especially during the general

elections in 2014, fortunately does not disturb efforts to continuously boost the national economy by among others strengthening the capacity of infrastructure which is environmentally friendly in particular.

This is one of reasons the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry ‘’KADIN’’ sponsored the Indonesia Green Infrastructure Summit (IGIS) 2014. Vice President Boediono opened the event held at the Ritz Carlton Hotel Jakarta from April 29 to 30, 2014. It was also attended the World Bank’s Chief Economist for East Asia and Pacific Region Bert Hoffman, KADIN Chairperson Suryo Bambang Sulisto, and representatives from the central and local governments, economic and industrial stake holders, and environmental non-governmental organizations from domestic and abroad.

In his opening remark Vice President Boediono mentioned three significant constraints that Indonesia has to deal with in its social, economic and political transformation in the future. “It is quite complicated because the constraints

A REPORT FROMTHE INDONESIA GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE SUMMIT 2014Green Development, a Message to the Indonesian Coming LeadersBy Yudhiarma MK, AG Sofyan and Fairuz Husaini

The reality shows infrastructure in Indonesia is still far from

ideal. This condition, like it or not, has disrupted the country’s

economic growth. Instead of growing, a number of sectors are slowing down. It has also

resulted in a high cost economy since it affected national product

competitiveness.

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A REPORT FROMTHE INDONESIA GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE SUMMIT 2014Green Development, a Message to the Indonesian Coming LeadersBy Yudhiarma MK, AG Sofyan and Fairuz Husaini

are on infrastructure, human resources, and institutional development,” he said.

However, Boediono who was Governor of the Indonesian Central Bank reminded those present that these should be a priority in addressing those constraints and it is infrastructure. Infrastructure, he added, is the first agenda for Indonesia in resuming its economic growth. “We have to handle it all out. “

He appreciated Kadin for raising the so-called green economy which is concerned on the environmental issue. It is very important for Indonesia to keep the balance between economic growth, social progress and environmental protection at the same time, he said. The green economy, he added, must be expanded especially in the infrastructure development. ‘’I hope the next government will do it seriously.’’

KADIN chairperson Suryo Bambang Sulisto said the Summit could be a valuable input for the coming government.

Hopefully, there will be a real commitment from the new government to boost infrastructure development which is not only sustainable but also environmentally oriented through supporting policies.

“KADIN is committed to play an active role in supporting the government and business world to find a win-win solution on this so-called green infrastructure, so that we are able to improve our national competitiveness and finally encourage the country’s economic growth.’’

Meanwhile, KADIN chairperson for Infrastructure Rachmat Gobel said infrastructure is a main requirement in economic and social growth. One percent of infrastructure increase could boost one percent of Gross Domestic Product.

“For example, in food sector, infrastructure connects one village to others and it is very important in improving the efficiency of the distribution line of agricultural commodities from producers to markets, so eventually reducing our dependence on exports and strengthening our economic resilience,” he said.•

AGOES SOFYANKeys speakers at the IGIS show souvenirs from KADIN.

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Gobel expected the Infrastructure Summit would contribute ideas for the upcoming Indonesian government in an effort to speed up infrastructure development especially the environmental-oriented development.

“Hopefully, this event spawns ideas on how to create urban and

A Message for IndonesianLeaders

AGOES SOFYAN

Gita Wirjawan

Vice President Boediono accompanied by Minister of Industry MS Hidayat, KADIN Chairperson Suryo Bambang Sulistyo, and KADIN Deputy Chairperson on Infrastructure Rachmat Gobel opened the Indonesia Green Infrastructure Summit 2014 at Ritz Carlton Hotel Jakarta.

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industrial layouts with its supporting facilities which are not only comfortable but also environmentally friendly in order to establish a more productive and efficient workplace. A better working environment automatically results in better products and service which gives more added value and it is a basic element for a sustainable growth for all stake holders,’’ he said.

Sulistyo said the business world needs to be encouraged to develop a green economy through incentives from the government. Boediono agreed with the idea, but reminded that incentives should encourage the economy instead of burdening.

‘’We have to remember, we do not want something like disincentive such as subsidy which is a burden for the state’s economy, for instance the fuel subsidy.’’

In line to Boediono, Bert Hoffman said if the Indonesian government does not reduce its energy policy especially on the fuel subsidy it would burden the country’s state budget especially the state’s financing. At the end, he said, it would affect the government’s development programs.

Meanwhile, Minister of Industry MS Hidayat expressed his optimism that green infrastructure would develop well in Indonesia. Therefore, he added, the government was currently formulating incentives to encourage its development given green infrastructure usually needed greater costs. Hidayat outlined that green infrastructure concept actually could be applied in all sectors of the economy, such as industry and energy. “However, sometime this green concept is not applicable

due to high cost, therefore, it is necessary to give incentives to make this green infrastructure materialize, “he said.

Former Coordinating Minister of the Economy Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti in his speech said Indonesia required a comprehensive infrastructure development to take off and be a center of economic revival in ASEAN. As an archipelagic country, consisting thousands of islands stretching from Sabang to Merauke, he said, infrastructure development especially for port and sea transportation became very vital in Indonesia.

“The economic gap between one island with another has made sea transport, such as ferries, pioneer crossings and all its port infrastructure become very important,” he said. Therefore, by encouraging sea transportation the government also empowering the people’s economy, he said.

Vice President of Local Governments for Sustainability- ICLEI Mary Jane Ortega emphasized the role of local government in sustainable development with the support from the central government through among others decentralization policy.

``In Philippines even a city mayor has a power of autonomy. we have a share from the internal revenue, for example, any collection from the national government, will be shared 40% for local government and then we will divide among small villages, municipalities, cities and provinces,`` she told Green magazine.

With the budget, she added, local governments could implement their development programs.

AGOES SOFYANAGOES SOFYANAGOES SOFYAN

AGOES SOFYAN

AGOES SOFYAN

Aburizal Bakrie Dorodjatun Kuntjoro-Jakti Mary Jane Ortega

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AGOES SOFYAN

The Indonesian Chamber of Commerce ‘KADIN’ held the Indonesian Green Infrastructure Summit 2014 on April 29-30, 2014 at the Ritz Carlton Hotel in Jakarta. The two-day conference opened by Vice President Boediono brought Sustainable for All as its big theme.

Rachmat Gobel the Vice Chairperson of the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce for Infrastructure in his summary speech said it’s time for Indonesia to make Green Infrastructure as its basis of development in order to avoid catastrophic environmental impact on the economic growth as well as to give a better future for the country’s next generation.

‘’We are optimistic that green infrastructure development can be materialized soon and become the basis of development for the coming administration,’’ said Gobel who is also Chairperson of the Indonesian Renewable Energy Society ‘METI’ and President Commissioner of major electronic producer PT Panasonic Indonesia.

Green infrastructure, he said, should be viewed within the context of sustainable development where economic, social and ecological aspects were placed comprehensively and systematically in supporting the development and participating in the process of policy making and its implementation.

The role of industry was very important and strategic in encouraging sustainable economic transformation towards a low-emission development which could contribute to the reduction of emission but also provide added value to the economic growth, he said.

As for the government’s role, he said, was necessary in providing policy especially to address challenges and constraints related to the implementation of the infrastructure development.

‘’The government’s intervention through its policy must be solid, consistent and systematic,’’ he said.

The government’s support with all necessary regulations would be a good signal for industry in participating and implementing green agenda, he said.

In terms of financing of the green agenda, Indonesia, has had all instruments that need to be consolidated in encouraging green infrastructure investment both from domestic and foreign parties.

‘’The joint agreement between KADIN and the related Ministry or Institutions, for instance, could be a starting point in developing the financial institution in the future,’’ he said.•

RACHMAT GOBEL:

Green Infrastructure Should Become Indonesia’s Basis of Development

KADIN deputy Chairperson Rachmat Gobel on his closing speech on the Indonesia Green Infrastructure Summit 2014

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• FACTS & FIGURES

The level of Company Complianceon Environment Standard 2013

The levelof compliance

after addendum

Between 2010-2013,average of increaselevel 413 companies per-year

Between 2003-2009,average of increase level 109 companies per-year

Environmental Performance Rating ”PROPER” 2013

Reduction of 646.981,99 toneq CO2 dari from 65

In in Gold & Green Proper company category

company candidates

Reduction of 2.929,64 tonsof conventional pollution

loads of from 65 company Green and Gold Category

company candidates

Conservationof 245.192.233 m3

water in 65 Green and Goldcompany candidates

Rp.1.858.887.560 of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

funds from 315 Gold company candidates 2013

1812 Companyparticipate in

Environment Rating (Proper) in 2013

Reduction of 11.788.880 tonsof water pollution loads

in 48 Green and Gold company candidates

107.084 individual websitevisits to the Proper Website

(25 March to December 2013)

Performance Rating Program (PROPER) is an e�ort by the Ministry of Environment to encouragecompliance of companies in environmental management through information instruments.Done through a variety of activities geared to: (i) encourage companies to comply with laws andregulations through incentives and disincentives reputation, and (ii) to encourage companiesthat have good environmental performance to implement cleaner production.


• FACTS & FIGURES

Summary of Environmental Performance Rating 2013-2014

Status Rating 2013-2014 Total

Black Red Blue Green Gold Old company 1 252 835 112 12 1210 New company 16 359 204 1 0 580 Total 17 611 1039 113 12 1792

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• FACTS & FIGURES

NO COMPANY SUB SECTOR DISTRICT PROVINCE

1. PT. Pertamina (Persero) S&D Regional II Oil & Gas Distribution Kab. Bantul D.I. Yogyakarta

terminal BBM Rewulu

2. PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa, Tbk, Cement Kab. Cirebon West Java

Pabrik Palimanan

3. Chevron Geothermal Indonesia, Ltd. Geothermal Energy Kab. Garut West Java

Unit Panas Bumi Drajat

4. Chevron Geothermal Salak, Ltd Geothermal Energy Kab. Sukabumi West Java

5. PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Area Kamojang Geothermal Energy Kab. Bandung West Java

6. PT. Holchim Indonesia, Tbk – Cilacap Plant Cement Kab. Cilacap Central Java

7. PT. Unilever Indonesia, Tbk – Pabrik Rungkut Consumer Goods Kota Surabaya East Java

8. PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero), Tbk – Pabrik Tuban Cement Kab. Tuban East Java

9. PT. Jawa Power Geothermal Energy Kab. Probolinggo East Java

10. PT. Badak NGL Oil & Gas (LNG/LPG) Kota Bontang East Kalimantan

11. PT. Medco E&P Indonesia – Rimau Asset Oil & Gas Kab. Musi Banyuasin, South Sumatra

(Energy Petroleum) Kab, Banyuasin

12. PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk. Coal & Mining Kab. Muara Enin South Sumatra

Unit Pertambangan Tanjung Enim

Company GOLD RATING Performance PROPER 2013

SOURCE: MOE 2014

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GreenInvestment FlowIn Indonesia

Ministry of Economy

Sectoral Ministry (Forest,Energy,Transportation)

etc)etcn

Agency for Investment Board (BKPM)

Ministry of Environment (NAMA) of Green

Economy

Department of Climate Policy

(DNPI)

GHG Reduction Program Unit

Emission Reduction Unit (PokJa Green

Economy)

Tactical Pogram

Strategy Contribution

Pogram

Final Decision

Application Handling

Energy/Agriculture Transport etc

Center

source: BKPM, 2013

• FACTS & FIGURES68

Green Investment Flow in Indonesia, have been summarized from Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board, which has launced a One-Stop-Service (OSS) for investment and an electronic automation platform for investment licenses and non-licensing services.

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The 4th Indonesia Carbon Update 2014, an annual seminar hosted by DNPI, offers a great opportunity for government of Indonesia (GOI) to share knowledge, experience, as well as to convene discussions on climate related issues and actions undertaken by the government of Indonesia, private sectors, civil societies, communities and academia. ICU covers a wide range of topic related to climate change and sharing current scientific findings on climate change, which includes policy and programs on mitigation, adaptation, technology transfer, capacity building, communication, finance and investment. ICU 2014 could be useful as a forum for public consultation in terms of the 2015 Agreement particularly in the process of preparing Intended Nationally Determined Contributions. This year, Indonesia Carbon Update will be held in two places, in Manado, North Sulawesi from 8 to 9 October 2014 and in Medan, North Sumatera from 28 to 29 October 2014. The theme for each place considers the local issues. In Manado, ICU will raise the issues of adaptation which covers coastal area, small islands, community role in adaptation action, and adaptation practices. The second ICU take place in Medan, and it will raise the mitigation issue such as land use change and oil palm plantation, as well as the conservation aspect in forest area in Medan. The outputs of this seminar will benefits all stakeholders in enhancing climate change issue and mainstreaming low carbon development initiatives.

Contact:Dewan Nasional Perubahan IklimBadan Pengkajian dan Penerapan TeknologiBuildin I, 16th FloorJl. M. H Thamrin No. 8Jakarta, IndonesiaPhone: +6221 31904635Fax : +6221 39838702

Welcoming Indonesia Carbon Update 2014 to Raise Climate Change Issue in Indonesia

• NETWORK UPDATE

ISTIMEWA

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• NETWORK UPDATE

Climate Change Adaptation 2014

The Climate Adaptation 2014 conference will bring together end users and researchers from across Australia to share experience in adaptation and showcase activities, strategies and research. We invite you to attend Climate Adaptation 2014 to be held at the Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, from 30 September to 2 October 2014.The conference will be the nexus between the research community and the users of climate change adaptation information in Australia. Building on the success of the conferences in 2010, 2011 and 2013 this conference will kick-off what we plan to make a biennial series of climate adaptation conferences. This will be Australia’s pre-eminent event focusing solely on climate change adaptation for 2014.The conference is a partnership between NCCARF and CSIRO.Conference Secretariat:NCCARF 2014 Annual Conference YRD PO Box 717 INDOOROOPILY. QLD 4068Email: [email protected]

Earth Observation for Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions Science 2014

Responding to the new scientific challenges of SOLAS Co-organised by ESA, SOLAS and EGU 28th-31st October 2014European Space Agency, ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei Frascati, 00044, Italy

Physical and biochemical interactions between oceans and atmosphere involve several key processes governing the Earth system dynamics and its climate. Momentum, heat/freshwater fluxes, aerosol and gas exchanges between the ocean surface and the atmosphere boundary layer influence key components of the Earth system such as the ocean circulation, the Earth radiation budget, the global carbon cycle or biodiversity, among others.

In this context, the observation, quantification and monitoring of the different ocean and atmospheric variables involved in these key processes is of major importance to better understand, characterise and predict their behaviour and their influence in climate and human activities. industry.The Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is a major international initiative to “achieve quantitative understanding of the key biogeochemical-physical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and the atmosphere, and how this coupled system affects and is affected by climate and environmental change.” Achieving this challenging objective not only calls for interdisciplinary research (involving biogeochemistry, physics, mathematical modelling, etc.), but also requires marine and atmospheric scientists to work closely together with Earth Observation scientists and modellers.

BECCC 2014: Behavior, Energy and Climate Change Conference 2014

December 7, 2014 - December 10, 2014Grand Hyatt Washington Washington, DC

The Behavior, Energy and Climate Change (BECC) Conference is the premier event focusing on understanding individual and organizational behavior and decision-making related to energy usage, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and sustainability. BECC 2014 will build on the overwhelming success of previous BECC conferences, at which 700 participants will discuss innovative policy and program strategies, share important research findings, and engage in building dynamic new networks and collaborations. BECC brings together a range of academics, practitioners, and policy-makers from a variety of fields engaged in energy and climate efforts in order to provide the latest and most relevant behavioral research, best practices, and methodologies. The organizers value abstracts from all relevant disciplines concerned with human behavior, society, and culture, especially work from applied anthropology, social psychology, behavioral economics, organizational behavior, political science, communications, and the cognitive sciences.The BECC Conference is convened by the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE), California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE), University of California, and Precourt Energy Efficiency Center (PEEC), Stanford University. General contact: [email protected]

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• ACTIVITY HIGHLIGHT

The National Council on Climate Change (DNPI) in cooperation with the Japan International Cooperation Agency and the Matsushita Gobel Foundation launched the Green Investment , Innovation and Productivity “Green” magazine in Jakarta, on December 16, 2013.

Green magazine editor-in-chief Farhan Helmy said Green magazine is a quarterly English language magazine, highlighting environmentally friendly investment and innovation in order to support the so-called “green economy” in Indonesia.

Especially in its second edition, the magazine emphasized on “green leadership prospect in Indonesia” considering this year’s change of national leadership in the country marked by the general elections held to elect parliament members and president, he said.

Editor-in-chiefs from Indonesian media grouped in the Indonesian Chief Editors Forum were invited to the launching to give inputs on climate change issues, he added.

The launching was also attended by Minister of Environment Balthasar Kambuaya, DNPI Executive Chair and President’s Special Envoy for Climate Change Rachmat Witoelar, President Director of PT Gobel International

Rachmat Gobel, Chairperson of the Matshusita Gobel Foundation and member of the National Innovation Committee Jusman Sjafii Djamal, Chairperson of the Chief Editors Forum Nurjaman Mochtar , Minister at the Embassy of Japan Shigeru Ushio , and Chief Representative of JICA in Indonesia Atsushi Sasaki.

Rachmat Gobel said he welcomed Green magazine hoping its presence would contribute in improving theunderstanding of all parties on the use of green technology to support green productivity in Indonesia which currently was still low.

“This is a challenge for especially businessmen to find a solution in supporting the government’s program on the greenhouse gas reduction,” he said.

Farhan said Green magazine is expected to also contribute in promoting efforts on climate change mitigation.

“Media is an important and effective tool to disseminate information on climate change as it can call for and convince public about the urgency of the issues and at the same time accommodate public opinion on the issues freely without being controlled by the government nor policy makers.”•

DNPI Launches Green Magazine

AGOES SOFYAN

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DNPI LAUNCHESGREEN MAGAzINE16 DECEMBER 2013, GRAND HYATT, JAKARTA

AGOES SOFYAN

AGOES SOFYAN

AGOES SOFYANAGOES SOFYAN

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DNPI-JICA

DNPI-JICA

DNPI HOLDS DISCUSSION ON CYBER MEDIA & CLIMATE CHANGE WITH UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA STUDENTS

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Bandung. National Council on Climate Change (NCCC) and The Institute of Tourism (STP) Bandung, in cooperation with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted the screening of “After the Rainfalls” on March 2014 .

DNPI-JICA

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DNPI-JICA

DNPI-JICA

DNPI-JICA

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Jakarta, May 2. The National Council on Climate Change (NCCC) hosted the fourth annual education forum and the biggest climate change exhibition in Indonesia called “The 4th Indonesia Climate Change Education Forum & Expo (ICCEFE)” on May 1 - 4, 2014 at the Assembly Hall, Jakarta Convention Center as the venue. This year`s event themed on “The Role of Women and Youth in the Climate Change Solutions”.

Deputy to Minister of Environment Karliansyah said the event was a forum for promotion as well as sharing information on efforts related to climate change solutions undertaken by stakeholders.

``This forum could be a source of information to increase our awareness and understanding on climate change,” he said in his opening remark.

NCCC`s Coordinator for Communication, Information, and Education Division Amanda Katili Niode said the

“THE 4TH INDONESIA CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION FORUM & ExPO (ICCEFE)”

Opening Ceremony The 4th ICCEFE.

Opening speech by Dr. Amanda Katili Niode, Coordinator KIE Division NCCC.

DNPI-JICA

DNPI-JICA

77



Opening of the 4th ICCEFE 2014 attended by guest and participants from various institution.

theme was taken in a response to the policy on the gender mainstreaming in the climate change adaptation within the framework to address challenges faced by Indonesia in addressing climate change issues.

Indonesia has committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 26 percent by 2020 on its own efforts and 41 percent with the help from the international funding. The commitment is stipulated in the presidential decree or Perpres No. 61/2011, on the National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction (RAN-GRK).

“This Education Forum and Exhibition is a concrete action and program related to climate change in Indonesia, especially for young people and women,” said Amanda.

The 4th ICCEFE combined various innovative actions related to climate change issues, including energy efficiency, renewable energy, climate change education, green infrastructure, green city, transportation and environment-friendly industries, technology innovation, investment and

carbon markets, and green business.

Those actions have become parts of action programs belong to ministries/government agencies, local government, state-owned company, private sector, international organizations, NGOs, education world and environment-friendly SMEs.

At least 175 stakeholders participated in the exhibition which gained an extensive coverage from media and was attended by more than 55,000 visitors various backgrounds such as central and local government officials, professionals, students, women groups / communities, observers of environment and climate change issues.

Besides exhibition, the 4th ICCEFE also featured other supporting events such as interactive dialogues, talk shows and workshops, screenings, raw food cooking demonstrations, book reviews, science demos, music & art performances, debate competitions, discussions for youth on climate camp and eco learning camp, book launchings, and stand-up comedy shows on climate change. (Jesslyn)

DNPI-JICA

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The Indonesia Society of Sanitary Environmental Engineer (IATPI) in cooperation with MGF-Matsushita Gobel Institute (MGI), con-ducted a half day national seminar on “Certification of Competency in Environmental Pollution Control Manager (MPPA and PPPU) as one aspect for PROPER Assessment”, at Auditorium MGF, on January 22, 2014. Around 80 participants from all provinces in Indonesia attended the seminar. Keynote speaker was Mr. Henry Bastaman, Deputy Ministry of Environment

HONORARY DOCTORATE THE INDONESIA

SOCIETYOF SANITARY

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER

RENEWABLE ENERGY

Chairperson of Indonesia-Japan Friendship Association Rachmat Gobel (left), shakes hands with

Osaka Governor Ichiro Matsui Prefecture(middle), witnessed by Chief Representative of Panasonic in

Indonesia Ichiro Suganuma (right), after dinner held by Osaka trade and investment missions to Jakarta led

by the Governor in Jakarta, Sunday (2/16). Around 20 Osaka businessmen came to Indonesia to strengthen

business and technological cooperation on energy saving and renewable energy.

MGI

ISTIMEWA

MGF

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INDONESIA GREENINFRASTRUCTURE SUMMIT(IGIS) 2014 29-30 APRIL 2014, RITz CARLTON HOTEL, JAKARTA

AGOES SOFYAN

AGOES SOFYAN

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Crop to Energy on Degraded Land as a Step towardEnergy Independence, Carbon Sink Agriculture andProtection of REDD+ Designated Areas

Research Findings

Developing Bio-ethanol Production in

Indonesia for Green Transportation Fuel

Using its massive degraded land (DL) potential, and by

having impartial resolutions to settle land claim con�icts,

Indonesia may have an opportunity to produce 20% of the

global market in biofuel . Indonesia must develop this

opportunity by supplying its domestic demand �rst and

then become a biofuel exporting country.

Bene�ts

1. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions

from transportation sector.

2. Biofuel adoption on DL can help avoid

deforestation or forest encroachment.

3. Reduce de�cits in transportation fuel and electricity.

Figure1.Projection of global landrequirement to meet ETP 2010 BLUE Map Scenario.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

EI

Biofuel Demand

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Mha

Land Demand for Biofuel

Biomethane Biojet Biodiesel-advanced

Biodiesel-conventional Ethanol-cellulosic

Ethanol-cane Ethanol-conventional



Crop to Energy on Degraded Land as a Step towardEnergy Independence, Carbon Sink Agriculture andProtection of REDD+ Designated Areas

Research Findings

Developing Bio-ethanol Production in

Indonesia for Green Transportation Fuel

Using its massive degraded land (DL) potential, and by

having impartial resolutions to settle land claim con�icts,

Indonesia may have an opportunity to produce 20% of the

global market in biofuel . Indonesia must develop this

opportunity by supplying its domestic demand �rst and

then become a biofuel exporting country.

Bene�ts

1. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions

from transportation sector.

2. Biofuel adoption on DL can help avoid

deforestation or forest encroachment.

3. Reduce de�cits in transportation fuel and electricity.

Figure1.Projection of global landrequirement to meet ETP 2010 BLUE Map Scenario.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

EI

Biofuel Demand

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Mha

Land Demand for Biofuel

Biomethane Biojet Biodiesel-advanced

Biodiesel-conventional Ethanol-cellulosic

Ethanol-cane Ethanol-conventional

Recommendations

1. GOI needs to develop a Law (Regulation) which has legal sanctions to enforce implementation and also regulate all key business-value chains of the bioethanol industry in a long-term perspective.2. To select the potential crops for available DL and minimize the risks, ICCC suggests selection criteria of agro-climatic interests and processing technology. For the �rst-generation technology, the potential crops to grow on DL as feedstock for bio-ethanol are sugar cane, cassava, sweet sorghum, corn and sago-palm.3. We project a minimum of 1.5 million ha of DL areas, suitable for sugarcane agro-climate conditions, will be required to supply the mandated domestic bioethanol blending.4. As the result of top-down analyses and site visits, ICCC suggests prioritizing the potentials in 6 provinces (Papua, Central Kalimantan, Riau, Maluku, Maluku Utara and Kepulauan Riau) for the start of sugarcane bio-ethanol industry.

Figure 2. Screening criteria to target DL area for sustainable energy crop plantation.

200,000ha

400,000 600,000 800,000

723,281

692,883350,432

132,794

Papua

Central Kalimantan

RiauMaluku

North Maluku

Riau Island

West PapuaSouth Kalimantan

West SumateraSouth East Sulawesi

West Kalimantan

NTT

South Sumatera

North Sumatera

West Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi

102,97699,794

85,61847,099

34,31222,660

14,035

9,646

7,6524,5332,638

2,349

Province

DL in Convertible Forest Areas by Province

DegradedLand

Carbon<35 ton c/ha

Non Peat

Flat Area(<25%)

Outside ExistingPlantation

Outside NewGranted License



Over the coming decades we can expect a

significant shift in work as the forces of technology

and globalisation, societal changes, demography

and longevity, and energy resources impact on

governments around the world in a number of ways.

In a combination of globalisation and technology,

more than 5 billion people across the world will

become connected to each other via the internet and

potentially to the Cloud, which will hold much of the

world’s knowledge.

(Lynda Grafton, The Shift: The Future of Work is Already Here, 2011).

Green Investment, Innovation and Productivity Vol. 2/2014

Economy & Finance

Transcript of Green Investment, Innovation and Productivity Vol. 2/2014