Green House Effect & Climate Chnage
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Transcript of Green House Effect & Climate Chnage
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The Greenhouse Effect
and the
Enhanced Greenhouse
Effect
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Beforeyou watch
1. Answer these questions:
a) What do fossil fuels contain?
b) What happens when we burn fossil fuels?
c) What does a greenhouse gas do?
d) What happens when more and more greenhouse gases go into the
atmosphere?
e) What happens when the Earth gets warmer?
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Earths energy budget (averaged over the whole
globe and over a long time)
At the top of the atmosphere:Incoming shortwave = Reflected Shortwave + Emitted longwave
At the surface:
Incoming shortwave = Reflected shortwave + Net emitted longwave (emitted - incoming)+ Latent heat flux + sensible heat flux
Sensible
heat 7%
Latent heat
23%
Net Longwave 21%
Yellow:
shortwaveRed:
longwave
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Longwave radiation is
emitted from surface.
Some surface
radiation escapes
to space
Most outgoing
longwave is
absorbed inatmosphere (by
greenhouse
gases)
Greenhouse
gasesemit
longwave
upward and
downward
Some atmospheric
radiation escapes to
space
Some atmospheric
radiation is absorbed at
the surface
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Grain stacks at different
time of the day
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Greenhouse EffectSequence of steps:
1. Solar radiation absorbed by earths surface.
2. Earth gives off infrared radiation.
3. Greenhouse gases absorb some of the Earths infrared radiation.
4. Greenhouse gases (water and CO2) give off infrared radiation inall directions.
5. Earth absorbs downward directed infrared radiation
Result: warmer surface temperature
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How do greenhouse gases affect the environment?
Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane are
accumulating in the earths atmosphere, this causes the
atmosphere to warm up.
The gases allow the suns radiation to enter the earths atmosphere,
but prevent the radiation from escaping the atmosphere. The earth
must be able to release this radiant energy so as not to overheat.
The increase in temperature could produce changes in the worldsclimatic patterns.
The combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, is a large cause of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These gases have increased as the
result of human activity.
Increases in world temperatures would cause the polar ice caps tomelt causing sea levels to rise. This would result in many coastal
areas to become under water.
Ocean currents could be diverted, if the Gulf Stream were to change,
Europe could become a cooler and drier place. Plant and animal life
could become extinct or be forced to move.
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Economic impacts
Agriculture, forestry, tourism and recreation
could be affected by changing weather
patterns.
Human health impacts are expected to placeadditional economic stress on health and
social support systems.
Damage to infrastructure (e.g., roads and
bridges) from extreme weather events is
expected to increase.