Green fiscal policy status quo and progress from a global...
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Green fiscal policy – status quo and progress froma global perspective
Eike Meyer | 31. ECLAC Fiscal Policy Seminar | Santiago de Chile | 25/26 March 2019
Green Fiscal Policy Network
26 Mar 2019 Green fiscal pol icy – state and trends Page 2
Founding Supported by:partners:
Associatedpartners:
Objective: Promote green fiscal policy globally through enhancing knowledge sharing, policy dialogue and outreach
www.greenfiscalpolicy.org
Bilateral GIZ programs supporting green fiscal reform
22 Jan. 2019 Titel of the presentationPage 3
26.
03.
201
9
MEX: Carbon tax,
ETS & reform
of energy subsidies
CHL: Carbon tax; ETS
MAR: Plastics tax
VNM: Comprehensive
green fiscal reformGTM: Comprehensive
green fiscal reform GHA: Comprehensive green
fiscal reform
UKR: ETS
CHN: ETS
IDN: Reform of
energy subsidies
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Green fiscal policy – what is it and how to measure progress
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Nearly 80 countries included some form of fiscal policies in their NDCs
51 carbon pricing initiatives, among those carbon taxes in place or planned in 26 countries
Commitments to reform inefficient fossil fuel subsidies – SDG12, G20, APEC
SDG 14 sets a target to eliminate harmful fisheries subsidies
Under the CBD, countries have committed to reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity
Green fiscal policy – growing international political committment
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Environmentally related taxes:
Inventories of individual instruments (e.g. EEA, World Bank)
Revenue based indicators (e.g. OECD, EU, CEPAL)
Price-gap indicators (e.g. OECD, IMF)
Reform of environmentally harmful subsidies:
Inventories of harmful subsidies (e.g. OECD)
Price-gap method estimations for fuel subsidies (e.g. IEA, IMF, GIZ)
Indicators to measure progress of green fiscal policy:
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Inventories of environmentally related taxes
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Environmentally related taxes in EU member states (EEA)
26 Mar 2019 Green fiscal pol icy – state and trends Page 8 | Source: EEA, 2016
Au
str
ia
Belg
ium
Bu
lgari
a
Cro
ati
a
Cyp
rus
Czech
Rep
ub
lic
Den
mark
Esto
nia
Fin
nla
nd
Fra
nce
Germ
an
y
Gre
ece
Hu
ng
ary
Irela
nd
Italy
Latv
ia
Lit
hu
an
ia
Lu
xem
bo
urg
Malt
a
Neth
erl
an
ds
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
gal
Ro
man
ia
Slo
vakia
Slo
ven
ia
Sp
ain
Sw
ed
en
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Energy (incl. transport fuels)
Energy products for transport purposes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Energy products for stationary purposes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Carbon tax on fuels • • • • • • • • • • • •
GHG emissions trading schemes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Transport (excl. transport fuels)
One-off motor vehicle taxes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Recurrent motor vehicle taxes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Road use - passenger taxes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Road use - heavy vehicles taxes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Congestion charges • • • •
Pollution
Emissions to air • • • • • • • • • • • •
Effluents to water • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Landfill/ incineration • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Individual products • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Pesticides • • (•) • •
Fertilisers (•) • (•) (•)
Resources
Water abstraction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Raw material extraction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Carbon pricing mechanisms worldwide (World Bank)
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Implemented, scheduled, and considered (2019)
| Source: World Bank, 2018, https://carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org
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Revenue-based indicators: Environmentally related tax revenue / GDP
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Fiscal relevance of environmentally related taxes in OECD and G20 countries countries
26 Mar 2019 Green fiscal pol icy – state and trends Page 11 | Source: OECD Stat, 2014 (https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ENV_ENVPOLICY#)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
Denm
ark
Slo
venia
Latv
ia
Italy
Neth
erlands
Turk
ey
Fin
land
Gre
ece
Isra
el
Austr
ia
Esto
nia
Kore
a
United K
ingdom
Hungary
Irela
nd
Port
ugal
Czech R
epublic
Sw
eden
Fra
nce
Norw
ay
Belg
ium
Pola
nd
Icela
nd
Germ
any
Luxem
bourg
Slo
vak R
epublic
Austr
alia
Spain
Lithuania
Sw
itzerland
Japan
New
Zeala
nd
Chile
Canada
United S
tate
s
Mexic
o
OE
CD
- T
ota
l
Arg
entina
Bra
zil
Chin
a
India
*
South
Afr
ica
Environmentally related tax revenue in comparison with GDP , OECD and G20 countries
Fiscal relevance of environmentally related taxes, OECD-average, 1994-2014
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Environmentally related tax revenue in comparison withGDP , OECD average
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Price-gap indicators: Carbon pricing gap
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Carbon pricing gap in OECD and G20 countries (OECD)
26 Mar 2019
2018: 76,5%
2015: 79.5%
2012: 83%
Green fiscal pol icy – state and trends Page 14 | Source: OECD, 2018 (http://www.oecd.org/tax/effective-carbon-rates-2018-9789264305304-en.htm)
Emission permit price
Carbon tax
Specific taxes on energy use
Effective Carbon Rate(EUR per tonne of CO2)
Effective Carbon Rates
Carbon pricing gap
(% of emissions priced at below 30 EUR/t)
Looking at international committments, green fiscal policy seems tobe on the rise.
Available indicators to measure progress on green fiscal policy areinventories, revenue-based indicators or price-gap indicators.
For most of these indicators, global comparative data is not available.
Carbon pricing instruments are actually spreading. Looking at thedevelopment of effective carbon rates in OECD and G20 countries, however, the „carbon pricing gap“ is decreasing only slowly.
In OECD countries, the fiscal relevance of environmentally relatedtaxes has not changed over the past 20 years.
Summary
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Thank you!
Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale
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T: +49 (0)308424285
Eike Meyer
Advisor Climate, Environment, Infrastructure Division
26 Mar 2019 Green fiscal pol icy – state and trends Page 16
