Green Design•Principles Of Green Design

•Life Cycle Analysis•Strategies For Green Design

Presentation By: Jagrat

Green Design• is the philosophy of designing

physical objects, the built environment and services to comply with the principles of economic, social, and ecological sustainability.The intention of sustainable design is to "eliminate negative environmental impact completely through skillful, sensitive design”. Manifestations of sustainable designs require no non-renewable resources, impact on the environment minimally, and relate people with the natural environment.

Renewable ResourcesA natural resource is a renewable resource if it is replaced by natural processes at a rate comparable or faster than its rate of consumption by humans.

Solar radiation, tides, winds and hydroelectricity are perpetual resources that are in no danger of a lack of long-term availability.

Non-Renewable Resources• Non-renewable

energy is energy, taken from "finite resources that will eventually dwindle, becoming too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve",

Reasons For Green Design• Growing consumer sophistication over natural and

organic product means that simply labelling products as such is not enough.

• What consumers are now looking for is ingredients that are not only natural or organic, but sustainably sourced.

• Added to this, consumers want to ensure that the processes behind the manufacturing of their favourite products incorporate green manufacturing processes, ensuring that carbon footprints are kept to a minimum.

“Take-Back” Legislation• Take Back Legislation holds manufactures responsible for

the environmentally safe recycling or disposal of their end-of-life products

• Manufacturers are expected to provide a financial or physical plan to ensure that such products are collected and processed

• The European Union and Japan were among the first to introduce such legislation.

• In US, the first Take Back law was passed in Maine in 2004 and legislators there are seeking to learn from experience in the EU and Japan consider their own regulations

People’s Attitudes To Green Issues

• Eco Warriors - The term eco-warrior is sometimes a self description for environmental activist that adopts a 'hands on' effort to save or salvage a plot of land, or to advance some ecological ideology

• Eco Fans – Eco fans are people who support environmental friendly processes and products. They do not support the environment as intensely as Eco Warriors

• Eco Phobes – Eco phobes are people who are against environmentally friendly processes and products.

My Eco-Footprint

Life Cycle Analysis• It is the assessment of the environmental impact of a

product or service throughout its lifespan.• LCA allows consumers to compare the environmental

impact of different products and then choose the most eco-friendly one.

• The term life cycle refers to the notion that a fair holistic assessment requires the assessment of raw material production manufacture, use and disposal, that includes all intervening steps : including transportation.

• The pollution caused by the usage is also a part of the analysis.

Eco Labeling• Eco labeling is a voluntary method of environmental

performance certification and labeling practised around the world

• An Eco label is a label which identifies overall environmental preference of a product or service / category based on life cycle considerations.

• An eco-label is awarded by an impartial third-party in relation to certain product or services that are independently determined to meet environmental leadership criteria.

Eco-Labeling Schemes

An independent environmental certifier of consumer and building products, offering an environmental labeling and environmental marketing solution for the Australian market.

Green Seal certified products meet science-based environmental certification standards that are credible and transparent. Green Seal utilize a life-cycle approach.Products only become Green Seal certified after rigorous testing and evaluation, including on-site plant visits.

• Design for manufacturability (DFM) is the general engineering art of designing products in such a way that they are easy to manufacture. The basic idea exists in almost all engineering disciplines, but of course the details differ widely depending on the manufacturing technology.

Design for Manufacture

Common Principles Of DFM• Reduce Number Of Parts by combining functions• Use a robust design• Use modular design• Design so assembly operations are in 1 direction• Design so it is only possible to assemble the

components in the correct way• Minimise the use of fastners• Eliminate or Simplify adjustment• Avoid Sharp Corners

The aim of design for assembly (DFA) is to simplify the product so that the cost of assembly is reduced. However, consequences of applying DFA usually include improved quality and reliability, and a reduction in production equipment and part inventory. These secondary benefits often outweigh the cost reductions in assembly.DFA recognises the need to analyse both the part design and the whole product for any assembly problems early in the design process. We may define DFA as "a process for improving product design for easy and low-cost assembly, focusing on functionality and on assemblability concurrently."

Design For Assembly

Environmental Impact

Points for Manufacturers to take into consideration when making a product -

• Global warming gases emission (CO2, methane CH4, N2O, CFC’s)  per capita  per GDP  per area/nation

• Recyclability (or percent recycled)• Reuse of materials• Energy consumption• Pollution (air, water, land)• Ecological footprint - “fair share” - footprint• Energy (available energy) or other thermodynamic

measures

The 4Rs• Reduce - Reuse is to use an item more than once. This

includes conventional reuse where the item is used again for the same function, and new-life reuse where it is used for a new function

• Recycle- Recycling is the breaking down of products into Raw-Materials, so that they can be made into other products

• Reconditioning - Restoration of an object to a good condition.

• Repair -

Mc Donald’s Efforts for the Environment

• In the Neighborhood – Our standard operating procedures include regular litter patrols of the areas around

our restaurants.Owner/operators and regional company organizations support local clean-up days

with free meals for volunteers and promotional incentives for participation.

Following the 4Rs – - Recycled 2 billion pounds of corrugated cardboard.- Purchased more than $3 billion in products made from recycled materials.- Eliminated several million pounds of packaging

Strategies For Design for Disassembly• When designing products with disassembly in mind,

there are three important factors which must be considered by the designer:

• The selection and use of materials • The design of components and product architecture• The selection and use of fasteners.

In addition to this, the choice of recycling/recovery methods used at the product’s end of life can partly determine the recyclability of the product. The resources used in packaging the product can sometimes be factored in.

Design For Disassembly• Reducing waste in the manufacturing and recovery

processes using DfD techniques can significantly reduce production costs and allow for greater technical efficiency. Modular design principles within DfD techniques allow for greater flexibility during product development, shorter development timescales and reduced development costs. Implementing DfD into a design specification allows the product and its components to be better suited for re-use or recycling when it has reached its end of life, thus reducing the scale of resources required to create new products