Green Cities Policy in Indonesia-ipb

5/20/2018 Green Cities Policy in Indonesia-ipb

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INTRODUCTION

GREEN OPEN SPACE (GOS)

IN INDONESIA

POLICIES & STRATEGIES

1

2

3

4 CONCLUSION


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I. INTRODUCTION

In 2008, for the first time in Indonesias history 50 % of the

countrys population resides in urban areas

By 2025 it is estimated that about 65 %of Indonesias population or180 million people will occupy urban areas, primarily in 16 large and

metropolitan cities

2


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Urbanisasi di Indonesia

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2015 2025

Tahun

PersenPdd

kKota,%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

Pertumbu

han,%

Pertumbuhan Penduduk Kota

Urbanization Trend

Year

UrbanPopula

tion,

%

Grow

th,

%

Growth Urban Pop.

According to various studies (BPS and BAPPENAS) urban population in 2005 has been reached 48.3% of total

population. The figure will grow steadily and will reach 60% of the total or about 150 million people in 2015.

DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS


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This Environmental Degradation Is Compounded By The Fact That Millions Of

Countrys Population Are Still In Acute Poverty With Great Deficit Of Basic

Infrastructure. Urban Poverty Remains A Big Issue For Many Developing Countries;

They Mostly Live Under Substandard Facilities Without Sufficient Access To

Sanitation And Clean Water Infrastructure


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Urbanization Creates Severe

Environmental Degradation In Urban

Areas, Particularly In Large Cities And

Their Surroundings. The Needs OfSpace For Shelters Has Led To

Substantial Lost Of Green Open Space

And Been Generating Unwanted

Development Of Slums Area In Every

Corners Of The City

In addition, the excessive demand

for transport that grows beyond

the existing network capacity, has

caused severe traffic congestion,

lost of productivity, and

inefficiency of energy.Severe air

pollution and water

contamination from domestic and

industrial waste are also common

in our cities


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Intergrated Urban Development

To force an intergrated on:Balancing developmen between center and local,

urban and rural, inter regional, inter areaAppropriate betwen sectors

Sutaind on resources developmentMatch between need and supply

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

SECURITY/SAFETY

COMFORTABILITY

PRODUCTIVITY/ECONOMIC AND WELFARE

SUSTAINAB ILITY ON RESOURCESBHK-DJPR/EA


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SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES

SECURITY/SAFETY people can perform their

activities without being afraid from any hazard,either man-made or natural hazards.

COMFORTABILITY provide opportunity for

every element of the community to articulate their

social and cultural values and their humanity in a

peaceful manner. PRODUCTIVITY provideeffective and efficient

infrastructure to facilitate the production and

distribution process of the economy to increase

added value, achieve community welfare and

enhance competitiveness. SUSTAINABILITY provide better quality of

environment not only for current generation but

also for the future generation.

For the advancement and prosperity of the community.


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Urban development from time to time:

To Urban Development in the Ecological Age

18th

Century

19th

Century

20th

Century

21st

Century

Environmental

friendly urban

development

as a viablesolution

Great sanitary

awakening

City beautiful

movements

Physical

Planning

New Urbanism &

Green

Infrastructure


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Skala Kota

Konsep Baru

Abad 21

Skala Bangunan

Green cities

Ecological cities

Ecological space

Greeninfrastructure

Smart Growth

Intelligenturbanism

Eco-architecture

Green building

Intelligentbuilding

Sustainabledesign

Konsep Pengembangan Perkotaan dalam Era Ekologis(sustainable urban development)

bukan sekedar buzzwords atau vocabulary baruBHK-DJPR/EA

Sustainable Urban Development Concept in Ecological Era

New Concept in

21stCentury

City Scale Green cities

Ecological cities

Ecological space

Greeninfrastructure

Smart growth

Intelligent

urbanism

Building Scale

Eco-architecture

Green building

Intelligent

building

Sustainable

design

. Not only a buzzword or a new vocabulary


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URBAN SPATIAL ELEMENTS

PopulationHousing (inld: privat green open space)

Works (indusrtry, trading, services)

Infrastructure (transportation system,drinking water, waste management, inld:

public green open space)

PleasureGreen Open Space (GOS)

(Patric Geddes, Kevin Lynch, De Cheira, Doxidis, Shivrani, Prof.

Koeshadonoto)


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Pleasure

Play Ground City Park

a. Parks and open spaces

b. Youth and comunity athletics complexesc. Playground

d. Recreation facilities

Youth & Comunity Complexes


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Green open space is part of built up area and openspace in the urban area that filled with vegetation

and trees to provide space for ecology, socio-

cultural, and aesthetic purposes and provide

economic benefit for its people.


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SOCIAL

ECONOMICARCHITECTUAL

AIR

WATER

LAND/SOIL

INTRINSIC FUNCTION :

EXTRINSIC FUNCTION :

PRECIPITATION &INFILTRATION FUNCTION

ROOT SYSTEM

BRANCH AND LEAFSYSTEM

O2oksigen

CO2

carbon dioxide

ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONPRECIPITATION

INFILTRATION


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Direct benefit:

Elements to sale (woods, leaves,

flowers), comfort

GREEN OPES SPACE

BENEFITS:

Based on its function:

Indirect benefit:Water and plants preservation or

biological diversity


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In previous there is no regulation that regulates Greenopen Space

The new Spatial Planning Law No. 26 was enacted in April2007 to replace previous Spatial Planning Law Number24/1992.

The new law stipulated a new articles regarding GreenOpen Space (GOS) as stated in Article 17 paragraph 5 :

In order to preserve the environment as reffered to inparagraph (4), the spatial planning determines that theforest area must be at least 30 (thirty) percent of the

river basin area

Article 29 paragraph 2 Spatial Planning law stated:

The proportion of green open space in an urban areamust be at least 30% of the urban area


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The proportion of forest area is minimum 30% of total area of River Basin Area

(DAS) to maintain the quality of environment.

The proportion of Green Open Space (GOS) within city area is minimum 30%,

out of which a minimum of 20% is public GOS.

Rural area spatial planning should be directed towards :

Maintaining the environmental quality within ther area and its supported

areas.

Conserving natural resources; and

Maintaining the perpetual land for agriculture to support food defense

policy.


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II. GREEN OPEN SPACE (GOS) IN

INDONESIA


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GREEN OPEN SPACE (GOS) AREA

PER PERSON IN SELECTED COUNTRIES

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0

T o k y o

J a ka r ta

P a r is

L o n d o n

V a n c o u v e r

B e r lin

N e w Y o r k

C u r it ib a

V ie n n a

S to c k h o lm

R T H p e r k a p it a , m 2 / p d d kGOS per person, m2/person


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Sebaran penutupan hutan di P. Jawa Tahun 2005

No Province

Natural ForestMangrove &

Swamp ForestField Forest All

(ha) (%) (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) (%)

1 Banten 16.541 1.8 96.308 96.567 57.243 266.659 29,4

2 DKI Jakarta - 0.0 3 949 104 1.055 1,6

3 Jawa Barat 136.052 3.8 209.073 401.355 254.649 1.001.128 27,7

4 Jawa Tengah 15.250 0.5 54.176 163.157 185.757 418.340 13,1

5 DI Yogyakarta 292 0.1 9 21.831 1.586 23.718 7,5

6 Jawa Timur 179.803 3.9 22.657 384.295 70.220 656.976 14,4

Jawa (ha) 347.941 2,8 382.224 1.068.153 569.559 2,367,876 18,7

(%) 2,8 3,0 8,5 4,5 18,7

Resource: analysis result of Lansat image in 2005.

THE LOW RATIO OF FOREST AREA AND LAND AREA


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NO CITY GOS

Municipal

Regulation

GOS Alocation GOS Alocation

Public GOS Non-public

GOS

Natural

GOS

Man-Made

GOS

1. Banda Aceh V 1620 % 10 % 10 % 12.39%

2. Medan - 16.35 % - 14.04% 2.3%

3. Bandung - 1.45% - - -

4. Yogyakarta - >20% 13-20 - -

5. Denpasar V >20% 18-20% 15% 5%

6. Mataram - 16-20% 15-17% >20% 16-20%

7. Pontianak - 12 % - 32.8 % -

8. Balikpapan - 1.83 % - 34.32% -

9. Kupang - 5.91 % 22.68 % 22.40 % 6.18 %

10. Sorong - 10% 3.85 % 3.14 % 10.71 %

GOS ALOCATION IN RTRW IN SEVERAL CITIES INDONESIA

This exceptional for several city that has administrational area bigger than its functional urban area, e.g :Palangkaraya, Padang, Samarinda, Jayapura


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LAND COVERAGE CHANGES IN JAKARTA

BETWEEN 1972-2002

1972

1983

1993

1998

2002

Jakarta has substantially lost its green

open space from 35% in 1970s to just

below 10% in 2002


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PUBLIC GOS

PRIVATE GOS


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Sultan

Palace and

Alun-alun

Yogyakarta


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III. POLICIES & STRATEGIES


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(1) Green open space consists of public green openspace and private green open space

(2) The proportion of green open space in an urban

area must be at least 30% of the urban area

(3) The proportion of public green open space in an

urban area must be at least 20% of the urban

area

Article 28 letter a

Article 31

Further stipulation on providing and utilizing GOS

and non-GOS will be stipulated by Minister

regulation.

Stipulation on regency spatial planning apply mutatis

mutandis for municipal spatial planning, withadditional provisions to provide and utilize plan of

the open green space.

Article 29

SPATIAL PLANNING LAW NO. 26 YEAR 2007


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BUILT UP AREA(60%)

OPEN SPACE(40%)

INFRASTRUCTURENETWORK

(20%)

PARKS (12,5%)

CITY (URBANIZED AREA)

NON RESIDENTIAL

(20%)RESIDENTIAL

(40%)

OTHER (NON GREEN)

(7,5%)

GOS in residential area:

Assume BCR max 80%.

GOS = 20% x 40% = 8%

GOS in non residential area:

Assume BCR max 90%.

GOS = 10% x 20% = 2%

PRIVATE GOS = 10%

GOS in road network:

Assume 30% green lane

GOS = 30% x 20% = 6%

(river, railways, electricity)

Assume 20% green space

GOS = 20% x 7,5% = 1,5%

PUBLIC GOS = 20%


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GreenOpen

Space

(GOS)

Physical Structure Ownership

Natural

GOS

Man-

made

GOS

Ecological

Pattern

Planologic

Pattern

Public GOS

Private GOS

Function

Ecologic

Social/

Cultural

Aesthetic

Economy

TYPOLOGY OF GREEN OPEN SPACE

Minister Regulation No. 05/PRT/M/2008

Concerning Guidelines for Provision and Utilization of GOS in Urban Area


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CITY GOS STRUCTURE

HIERARCHI SHAPE

Regional GOS

Sub-Regional GOS

CITY GOS

GOS IN RESIDENTIALAREA

GOS IN NON-RESIDENTIAL AREA

InterregionalGOS

LINE/CORIDORAREA

ECOLOGIC

ECOLOGIC

DOUBLE

SOCIAL ECONOMY

SOCIAL

DOUBLE

DOMINANT

FUNCTION


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a) Green open space in urban area consist of public GOS and

private GOS;

b) The proportion of (GOS) within urban area is minimum 30%, outof which a minimum of 20% is public GOS;

c) if the public and private GOS in a particular city has total area

more then that proportion than law suggested, then the

proportion must be maintained.

GOS PROVISION IN URBAN AREA

GOS Standard provision in urban area


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NoRESIDENTIAL

UNITSTYPE OF GOS

MIN AREA(m2)

MIN/ AREA/PERSON

(m2/person)

LOCATION

1 250 persons Neighborhood park 250 1,0 In the center part ofneighborhood

2 2500 persons Group ofneighborhoods park

1.250 0,5 In the center of the area

3 30.000 persons Kelurahan park 9.000 0,3 Located near schoolarea and activity

centers

4 120.000 persons

Kecamatan park 24.000 0,2 Located near schools oractivity centers

Cemetery Adjusted 1.2 *) Distributed

5 480.000 persons

City parks

144.000

0,3 Around CBD area

Urban forest Adjusted 4.0 Located in theperiphery of the city

Special function Adjusted 12.5 According to thedemand

*) adjusted to local value


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GOS function on this category is for protection, e.g: protect the natural

resources, protection for the pedestrian, or to maintain the growth of

field development that so it will still has its main function

GOS Provision Based on Needs on Several Function

This GOS includes: Neighborhood parks, city parks, urban forests, and

GOS for several function e.g. Railway border GOS, river basin GOS,

and cemetery.

ili i f i i i


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Utilization of Space in River Basin Area

t0

t1

t2

t3

Upper

Middle

Downstream

2000 m dplJKT

DPK

BGR

Ciliwung River

Dominated by forests

and hard plants, at

least 30% in river

basin area Green Open Space,

limited settlement, and

dry/wet land plantsDominated by

settlements, economic

activity, and 30%

GOS


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IV. CONCLUSION


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Green open space is part of built up area and open space in the

urban area that filled with vegetation and trees to provide

space for ecology, socio-cultural, and aesthetic purposes andprovide economic benefit for its people.

GOS has several benefits, for example is for water and plants

preservation, biological diversity, and to minimize the air

pollution effects.

The proportion of (GOS) within urban area is minimum 30%,

out of which a minimum of 20% is public GOS

Green Cities Policy in Indonesia-ipb

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