GREEK POLIS STUDY GUIDE - cdschools.org · GREEK POLIS STUDY GUIDE REVIEW. WHAT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT...
Transcript of GREEK POLIS STUDY GUIDE - cdschools.org · GREEK POLIS STUDY GUIDE REVIEW. WHAT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT...
GREEK POLIS STUDY
GUIDE
R E V I E W
WHAT TYPES OF GOVERNMENT EXISTED IN ANCIENT GREECE?
Monarchies, Oligarchies,
Democracies
• Sparta = Oligarchy
• Athens = Democracy
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE LIVES OF
PEOPLE IN BOTH ATHENS AND SPARTA.
BoysSparta
• Unhealthy babies were left to die.
• Sent to military camps at the age of 7
• Learned how to use weapons
• Trained in groups
• Treated like animals; given small amounts of food
• Went barefoot
Athens
• All babies lived
• Studied writing, math, and music at the age of 7
• Learned Greek poetry and plays
• Trained by a tutor
• Treated like ordinary people
• Protected with more clothing
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE LIVES OF
PEOPLE IN BOTH ATHENS AND SPARTA.
MenSparta
• Served in the military for
40 years
• Expected to live in military
barracks with other
soldiers
• Expected to marry at the
age of 20
• Military Strong
• Killed a helot to become
a man
Athens
• Focused on education,
art, music, and
philosophy
• Lived with their family
• Could marry at any
age (after citizenship)
• Strong religious beliefs
• Took an oath of
citizenship to become
men
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE LIVES OF
PEOPLE IN BOTH ATHENS AND SPARTA.
WomenSparta
• More freedom
• Mixed freely with men
• Worked and practiced
sports
• Women who died during
childbirth were highly
respected.
• Told their men to fight with
honor and return home
with their shields
Athens
• Did not go out without a chaperone
• Never spoke to other men in public.
• Performed household duties
• Never spoke to men on the street or entertained their husbands’ friends
COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS OF BOTH ATHENS AND
SPARTA.
Sparta
Oligarchy
• Ruled by two kings
• Assembly made decisions
• Council of Elders
suggested laws and
served as the high court.
• Resisted change
Democracy
• Ruled by a king at first
• Had a constitution that
favored the equality of all
people
• Generals were elected to
serve as judges and
military leaders.
• Council of 500 members
were chosen by lot.
• Welcomed change
Athens
OLIGARCHY (A FEW PEOPLE RULE)
Advantages
• Less people are
involved in decision-
making
• Fewer people can get
laws passed or tasks
done quicker.
• The wealthy usually
become wealthier
• The middle and lower
class do most of the
work.
Disadvantages
• The few individuals
tend to look out for
their own interests.
• The few in charge may
force others to obey
unjust laws.
• The middle and lower
class do most of the
work.
• The rich get richer and
the poor get poorer.
DEMOCRACY (ALL CITIZENS RULE)
Advantages
• The government is run
by the people.
• Everyone gets a say in
how the country should
be run.
• The people get to vote
on what laws they
want or who they want
to represent them.
Disadvantages
• Too many people are
involved in decision
making, which can be
time consuming.
• Rich or powerful
speakers could
persuade citizens to
vote unwisely.
• Elected officials could
reverse decisions made
by the people.
WHAT AREAS MADE UP A POLIS?
• Agora: An open-air marketplace where
people buy, sell, or trade goods
• Acropolis: A fortified hill that offered
protection and included a temple
• Temples: Places where Greeks could
honor their local god
• Farmlands/Orchards: Provided food and
resources for the people of the polis.
HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY OF SPARTA INFLUENCE ITS MILITARY?
• Located on the Peloponnesus peninsula
• Surrounded by mountains
• Did not have walls
• Needed help with farming the land
=
Military Strength
HOW DID THE GEOGRAPHY OF ATHENS INFLUENCE ITS DEVELOPMENT?
• Located along the coast of the
Aegean Sea
• The sea provided:
• Transportation
• Trading routes
• Protection (a strong navy)
HOW WERE THE SOCIAL CLASSES IN SPARTA DIVIDED? WHAT WAS THE ROLE
OF EACH GROUP?
Upper Class
• Aristocrats: Government and military
leaders (citizens)
Working Class
• Perioeci: Merchants and artisans (not
citizens)
• Helots: Slaves, owned by Sparta, who
farmed the land (not citizens)
CITIZENSHIP
SIMILARITIES/DIFFERENCES
Similarities
• Citizens are born within the
country/polis
• Only citizens can:
• Vote
• Own property
• Hold public office
• Speak for themselves in
court
• Take part in government
• Defend their
polis/country in times of
war
Differences
• Only free men in Greece were citizens.
• Boys in Greece became citizens at the age of 18.
• Women in the U.S. can:• Vote
• Own property
• Speak for themselves in court
• Take part in government
• Defend their country
• Individuals born in another country can obtain U.S. citizenship.