Greek Architecture
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description
compilation of hoa reviewer
Transcript of Greek Architecture
AEGEAN or MINOANS & MYCENEAN AEGEAN or MINOANS & MYCENEAN ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE
The Minoans The Minoans = lived in CRETE, an island in the Aegean Sea.= lived in CRETE, an island in the Aegean Sea.= named after a legendary king, MINOS.= named after a legendary king, MINOS.= as early as 2,600 B.C., people on Crete are working with bronze and = as early as 2,600 B.C., people on Crete are working with bronze and
gold.gold.
The Myceneans= Indo-European invaders of Crete named after the palace at Mycenae around 1900 B.C.= Mycenae was the homeland of Agamemnon, a king in Greek
mythology.= Culture was based around citadels on the mainland of Greece.
ANCIENT GREECE MAPANCIENT GREECE MAP
Kings lived in large, elegant palaces; the most famous of which isthe Palace of King Minos at Knossos. It was like a small city with more than 800 rooms.
Palace of King Minos @ Knossos has rooms groups around a central courtyard that are surrounded by cypress wood columns that tapered downward.
example of a frescoPorch
PLAN OF KING MINOS PALACEPLAN OF KING MINOS PALACE
MEGARONS = domestic housesMEGARONS = domestic houses TYPES OF WALL CONSTRUCTIONTYPES OF WALL CONSTRUCTION
Cyclopean = huge stone blocksCyclopean = huge stone blocks
Polygonal = polygonal stonesPolygonal = polygonal stones
Rectangular = cut stones w/ dowelsRectangular = cut stones w/ dowels
TREASURY of ATREUSTREASURY of ATREUS(Tomb of Agamemnon)(Tomb of Agamemnon)
An underground tomb
Dromos = long passage
Tholos = beehive shaped long chamber
The Lion Gate @ MycenaeThe Lion Gate @ Mycenae
HELLENISTIC & HELLENIC GREEK ARCHITECTUREHELLENISTIC & HELLENIC GREEK ARCHITECTURE800 B.C. = Great Age of Greek Civilization800 B.C. = Great Age of Greek CivilizationHellas = Greek’s name for their countryHellas = Greek’s name for their country
3 MAIN GREEK ORDERS
Doric order is the widely used order during the Doric order is the widely used order during the Greek period.Greek period.
Greek columns appear to be straight but are subtlyGreek columns appear to be straight but are subtlytapered (“entasis”)tapered (“entasis”)
Ionic order – peak of Classical Greek ArchitectureIonic order – peak of Classical Greek Architecture Corinthian – declineCorinthian – decline The moulding that is often found in the Doric The moulding that is often found in the Doric
orderorder is the Bird’s Beak.is the Bird’s Beak.
TYPES OF GREEK MOULDINGSTYPES OF GREEK MOULDINGS
CYMA REVERSA – water and leafCYMA REVERSA – water and leaf CYMA RECTA – anthemionCYMA RECTA – anthemion OVOLO – egg and dartOVOLO – egg and dart ASTRAGAL – bead and reelASTRAGAL – bead and reel TORUS – guillocheTORUS – guilloche CORONA – key patternCORONA – key pattern
“ “ Beauty of style … and grace and good rhythm Beauty of style … and grace and good rhythm depend on simplicity.” depend on simplicity.” -PLATO-PLATO
“ “ We are lovers of the beautiful, yet simple in We are lovers of the beautiful, yet simple in tastes”tastes”-PERICLES-PERICLES
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTUREGREEK ARCHITECTURE
Simplicity and BeautySimplicity and Beauty
Purity of Lines
Perfection of Perspective
Marble = common construction material.
Columnar & Trabeated
ACROPOLISACROPOLIS- also called “temenos”, means the highest city.
Athenian statesman Pericles supervises construction on the Athenian statesman Pericles supervises construction on the Acropolis.Acropolis.
MAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE ACROPOLISMAJOR STRUCTURES OF THE ACROPOLISPart of the great rebuilding program that Pericles began about 460 B.C.Part of the great rebuilding program that Pericles began about 460 B.C.
PROPYLAEAPROPYLAEA PARTHENONPARTHENON ERECTHEUMERECTHEUM TEMPLE OF ATHENA TEMPLE OF ATHENA
NIKENIKE
THETHE PROPYLAEA PROPYLAEAARCHITECT : MNESICLESARCHITECT : MNESICLES
Built about 437-432 B.C.
Inner and outer collonades are Doric.
Inside are slender Ionic columns.
Two Central Gate Hall Chambers :
1. Pinokotheke-painting gallery
2. Glypthotheke-sculpture gallery
THE THE
PARTHENONPARTHENONThe Largest Building @ the The Largest Building @ the AcropolisAcropolis
ARCHITECTS : ICTINUS CALLICRATESSCULPTORS : SCOPAS PHEIDIASA temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos (Athena the Warrior Maiden)
THE THE
ERECTHEUMERECTHEUMThe most complex & richly-embellishedThe most complex & richly-embellishedARCHITECT : MNESICLESARCHITECT : MNESICLES
Best known for its caryatid porch on theSouth side facing the Parthenon.
Dedicated to Athena Polias(Athena Protectress of the City)& Poseidon (God of the Sea).
CARYATID= female statueCARYATID= female statueATLANTES/TELAMONES = male counterpart of female ATLANTES/TELAMONES = male counterpart of female caryatidcaryatidCANEPHORAE = holding a basket on headCANEPHORAE = holding a basket on head
THE THE TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKETEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKEARCHITECT : CALLICRATESARCHITECT : CALLICRATES
Athena = goddess of wisdomAthena Nike = Athena of Victory
Measures only at 5.64m x 8.34m
THE ACROPOLIS TODAYTHE ACROPOLIS TODAY(AFTER 2400 YEARS)(AFTER 2400 YEARS)
TEMPLE OF ZEUSTEMPLE OF ZEUSOlympiaOlympia
ARCHITECT : LIBON OF ELISARCHITECT : LIBON OF ELIS
2ND Largest Temple
ZEUS – Most important Greek god. Her wife is Hera, the goddess of marriage.
THEATRE OF EPIDAUROSTHEATRE OF EPIDAUROSARCHITECT : POLYCLEITOSARCHITECT : POLYCLEITOS
PARTS OF THE PARTS OF THE GREEK THEATRE GREEK THEATRE
ORCHESTRA = elevated platform or stage
CAVEA = auditoriumSKENE = scene buildingPARADOS = passage leading to the
skene.
DEVELOPMENT OF GREEK THEATRE :
PARACENIA = projecting wallPROCENIUM = speakers’ platformEPISCENIUM = raised background
AGORAAGORAmarket place or town squaremarket place or town square
STOASTOAcolonnade used as a sheltercolonnade used as a shelter
e.g. STOA OF ATTALUS
BOULEUTERIONBOULEUTERIONCouncil HouseCouncil House
e.g. Council Hall of Miletus
MAUSOLEUMMAUSOLEUMGreek TombsGreek Tombs
The most famous of all tombs and one of the Seven Wonders of the WorldErected for King Mausolos is the Mausoleum, Halicarnassos.
