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CAVE ART

Cave PaintingRefer to paintings on cave walls and ceilings or rock walls and during the pre-historic times.

How Have Cave Paintings Survived and Been Discovered?

Utensils, bones, and charcoal from numerous campfires found at the mouths of caves suggest that the Stone Age occupants lived there to take advantage of the daylight and ventilation.

A special place farther back in the cave was set aside for magic rituals and this was where the paintings were done.

There, they were protected from the wind and rain. For this reason many paintings have survived to the present day. Unfortunately, many others were washed away by underground rivers.

What sorts of pictures were painted in Prehistoric Caves?

Mostly naturalistic pictures of hunting scenes or arrangement of animals like bison (buffalo), horses, reindeer, cattle, aurochs (wild ox), and mammoths.

Human images appeared occasionally. Abstract imagery was also common. A variety of dots, lines, signs, and symbols were frequently contained in Paleolithic murals.

How did Prehistoric artists obtain their colors?

Prehistoric artists utilized several different combinations of materials to make colored paints. Numerous varieties came from clay ochre which produced three basic colors of red, yellow, and brown.

The artist used charcoal for black color. To prepare their paints, Stone age artists ground the pigments to a fine powder and mixed it with cave water, animal fats, vegetable juice, blood and urine to help it stick to the rock suface.

What are the skills of Prehistoric Artists?

Though their tools were crude, Prehistoric artists were able to demonstrate knowledge and affection for the animals they hunted.

What they knew and felt was combined with a sensitive artistic instinct. This enabled them to capture in paint the power of bison, the fleetness of a horse, and gentleness of deer.

Examples of some famous caves containing Stone age Paintings

CHAUVET CAVE

LASCAUX CAVE

ALTAMIRA CAVE

TAKE NOTE:MATERIALS FOR CAVE PAINTINGHONEYANIMAL FATSCHARCOALandSALIVA

EARLYARTFORMS

Prehistoric Builders

In time, Prehistoric people got out of their caves to begin building more comfortable shelters.

Prehistoric Builders

Small communities developed, and hunters replaced their weapons with crude farming tools and shepherds rods and boughs.

EARLY SHELTERS

EARLY SHELTERS

EARLY SHELTERS

Rock Carvings

Abstract symbols were carved into stone by prehistoric people during the Paleolithic period.

Rock Carvings

Spirals and concentric arcs appear etched in standing stones as well as on flat rock surfaces.

Rock Carvings

Relief sculptures carved in stone or horn survive as evidence of early artists carving skills.

PETROGLYPHSRock Carving

PETROGLYPHSRock Carving

PETROGLYPHSRock Carving

PETROGLYPHSRock Carving

PETROGLYPHSRock Carving

PETROGLYPHSRock Carving

EGYPTIANART

Hieroglyphics

Hieroglyphics

Egyptian hieroglyphs were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logographic and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Cartouche

It is an oval with a horizontal line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is aroyalname. While the cartouche is usually vertical with a horizontal line, it is sometimes horizontal if it makes the name fit better, with a vertical line on the left.

FrontalismRuleDescriptionRule 1: ProfileHead in profileSide view of eye and eyebrowEye never looks straight aheadRule 2:ColourMen painted in red ochreWomen painted in yellow ochreRule 3: StanceHips have a three-quarter turnChest and shoulders shown at their full widthBoth feet, legs, arms and hands must be shownRule 4: ScaleSize of figures reflects social statusMen are larger than women of equal statusWives and children often in crouching position,with arms around the calves of the fatherRule 5: ProportionsHands and feet are often large compared tothe rest of the body

SPHINX

Sphinx

It is a mythical creaturewith, as a minimum, the body of alionand a human head.

PYRAMIDS

Pyramid

The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens. The pharaohs were buried in pyramids of many different shapes and sizes from before the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom.

Pyramid

There are about eighty pyramids known today from ancient Egypt. The three largest and best-preserved of these were built at Giza at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. The most well-known of these pyramids was built for the pharaoh Khufu. It is known as the 'Great Pyramid'.

THE ARTSof the ANCIENTGREEKS and ROMANS

GREEKART

Greek ArtProduced their best works in buildings like the stone temples, statues, and painted vasesFirst artists to establish mimesis as a guiding principles of art

HISTORY OF GREEK ARTThe Archaic Period (800 600 B.C.E.)During this period the artists were focused on the linear geometric tendency and stylized forms as influenced by those from earlier civilizations, such us those Mesopotamia and Egypt.Examples of these art forms were the potteries with a variety of geometric designs and highly stylized human figures.

Types of Greek SculptureKOUROSNude male figure, maybe that of an athlete . The influence of Egyptian sculpture was shown in its frontality and rigidity

One foot slightly forward, the fist clenched at the sides with a smiling feature, slightly bulging eyes, and hair arranged in tight geometric curls

Types of Greek SculptureKOREA fully clad female body, the drapery of its robe made regular, vertical folds.

HISTORY OF GREEK ARTClassical or Hellenic Period (500 B.C.E.)The Golden Age of Athens or the Age of Pericles, after its great statesman, as it marks the highest point of Ancient Greek civilization.Contains the mainsprings of the western cultural tradition in the philosophy that crystallized from the works of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.Sculpture evolved from frontal to truly 3 dimensional figures, realistic from every angles

HISTORY OF GREEK ARTHellenistic Period (400-100 B.C.E.)Refers to the period after the 5th Century B.C.E., when Greek culture intermingled with oriental influences and, together with political instability of the time, gave rise to a new set of aesthetic ideals.

Two important historical events where art became filled with vitality and movement.The defeat of Athens by its rival military Sparta.The successive conquest of the Greek city-states by Alexander the Great

APOLLODORUSApollodorus Skiagraphoswas an influentialAncient Greekpainterof the 5th century BC whose work has since been entirely lost. Apollodorus left a technique behind known as skiagraphia, a way to easily produce shadow, that affected the works not only of his contemporaries but also of later generations.

ZEUXISwas an innovative ancient (5th century BC) Greek painter. Although his paintings have not survived, historical records state they were known for their realism, small scale, novel subject matter, and independent format.

ZEUXISHis technique created volumetric illusion through manipulating light and shadow, a change from the usual method of filling in shapes with flat color. This new effect eventually led to Italian Renaissance "chiaroscuro.Preferring small scale panels to murals, Zeuxis also introduced genre subjects (such as still life) into painting.

PARRHASIUSone of the greatest painters ofAncient Greece. He was universally placed in the very first rank among painters. His skillful drawing of outlines is especially praised, and many of his drawings on wood and parchment were preserved and highly valued by later painters for purposes of study. He first attained skill in making his figures appear to stand out from the background.

HISTORY OF ROMAN ARTRoman ArtIs very much indebted to the ancient Greeks. The Greek art elements found their way into Roman sculpture and Architecture, and how those elements were transformed by Roman artists and engineers. Roman art retained the importance of the human figure as it main subject.

Roman ArtIn sculpture and painting, Roman works reflected the tremendous influence exerted by earlier Greek artists. Roman sculptors adapted Greek forms and techniques in arts. The Romans were practical ad realistic people. They were endowed with a keen, observant eye. The Roman artists painted their environment, developed new artistic subjects such as still life and landscapes, as well as architectural motifs.

ROMANESQUE ARTThe Romanesque period was a time of strife and political insecurity following the collapse of the Roman Empire and is often referred to as the Dark Ages or the Middle Ages.The sculpture of the Romanesque Period was found mainly in connection with architecture.

ROMANESQUE ARTThe elongated faces of the saints had an ecstatic, other worldly look.Their figures of unrealistic anatomy feature a strange whirlpool on the shoulders, belly, and knees which seemed to be caught in a suspended dance.

GOTHIC ARTGothic is the term used to identify a period that began around the middle of the twelfth century and lasted to the end of the fifteenth or into the sixteenth century.

GOTHIC ARTCharacteristics of Gothic CathedralStone used in BuildingTranslucent stained glassIn the interior, ornaments of gold and silver, precious stones and exquisite tapestries.It took many years to complete a cathedral, and parts of the structiure were added or modified at different periods.