Greece
description
Transcript of Greece
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Greece
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Greek City-StatesIndependent & different city-states
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Greek City-StatesGreek city-states had different ways
of governing–Sparta & Athens are great examples
of different ways to rule:
–Athens— Democracy–Sparta— Oligarchy
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Democracy Pericles strengthens democracy by…
– Increase # of paid public officials. Now even the poorest citizen could serve if elected.
–Athens had more citizens engage in self-government than any other city-state in Greece.
–Male citizens who served in the assembly est. all the important government policies.
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AthensAthens is considered one
of the most important cities in Ancient Greece
Contributions: created democracy, established modern foundations in art, literature, philosophy
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SpartaStrong farming economy made up of
large class of slaves (helots)Became powerful city-state
because of:–Strong Military—every
man was forced to join army –Totalitarian Oligarchy—power in
hands of 28 military leadersUnlike Athens; Spartans hated wealth
& the arts
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Greeks had cool architecture &
developed theater with comedies &
tragedies
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Euclid’s Geometry
Greek Sculpture
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Rome
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Geography of RomeItalian peninsula is located in the
center of the Mediterranean Sea; Rome is located in center of Italy on Tiber River— excellent spot for trade within Italy and within
Mediterranean Sea
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Patricians & PlebeiansPatricians—nobles controlled most of
valuable land, held key military & religious positions, advised the king; made up only 5% of the population
Plebeians—mostly peasants, laborers, shopkeepers; made up 95% of population; had little say in government, but paid majority of the taxes & were required to serve in Roman army
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Timeline of the Roman Monarchy, Republic, and Empire
Pax Romana
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Main IdeaAs Rome enlarged its territory,
its republican form of government grew increasingly unstable. Eventually, the Roman Republic gave way to the formation of a mighty dictator-ruled empire that continued to spread Rome’s influence far and wide.
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Julius CaesarPatrician who used politics &
charm to gain position as governor of Spanish
province; gained wealth,
influence, & power
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First Triumvirate In 60 B.C. Julius Caesar joined
forces with Pompey (military general) & Crassus (rich patrician who helped get Caesar started) to form the First Triumvirate
With help of the Triumvirate, Caesar was elected Consul; for 10 years this Triumvirate controlled the Senate
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Civil War #1: Caesar vs. PompeyCaesar refused to disband his army &
instead returned to occupy Rome; defeated & assassinated his former ally Pompey
Caesar won the support of the people; In 44 B.C. named 10-year dictator:–Granted citizenship to more people,
created more jobs, founded 20 more colonies (gave poor people a place to live), created a 365-day calendar
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Julius CaesarCaesar ruled Rome as absolute
dictator; many Senators thought he would name himself king
In 44 B.C. Caesar was murdered by Senators (Brutus, Cassius, & others); thought they were saving the Republic
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Pax RomanaBeginning with Augustus, Rome
entered a period of peace & prosperity for 207 years (27 B.C.-180 A.D.) known as the Pax Romana
Augustus encouraged trade by ending taxes on goods, created highways & aqueducts (for moving water), used concrete to make new architectural buildings, allowed anyone to get job in government if had ability (merit)
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#18
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English History
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Organization of Parliament
English M onarchL e a d e rsh ip fo r
C o u n try
House of Lords"U p p er H ou se"
B a se d o nB irth righ t
House of Com m ons"L ow er H ou se"
E le c te d P o s it io n
English Parliam entP a ss L a w s &R a ise T a xe s
English G overnm entL im ited M on arch y
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A rth u r
M ary I"B lood y M ary"
Elizabeth I E d w ard V I
Henry V III
Charles II Jam es II
Charles I
Jam es I
M ary S tu artQ u een o fS co tlan d
Jam es VK in g o f
S co tlan d
M arg are t M ary
H en ry V II
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Limitations on MonarchyMagna Carta (1215)Petition of Right (1628)Habeas Corpus (1679)English Bill of Rights (1689)Cabinet (1702) & Prime
Minister (1727)
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Renaissance
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New Artistic StylesRealism & emotionClassicism: inspiration from
Greece & Rome Emphasis on individuals &
interaction between peopleGeometric
arrangements PerspectiveUsing light & shadows
Chiaroscuro
Sfumato
The first nude paintings & sculptures since the Romans
Greek Renaissance
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The Sistine Chapel
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LeonardoA true “Renaissance Man”
Leonardo was an inventor, painter, sculptor, & scientist
His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece
His “Mona Lisa” is great for its emotion and depth
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Filippo BrunelleschiFlorence’s greatest
architect was commissioned to build the Cuppolo of St. Maria del Fiore cathedral:–Brunelleschi
studied the Roman Pantheon –The dome inspired modern
building designs
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Dome Comparisons
Il Duomo, Florence St. Peter’s, RomeSt. Paul’s, LondonUS Capital,
Washington, D.C.
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Renaissance in EnglandRenaissance in England focused
on social issuesThomas More
criticized society through Utopia
William Shakespeare wrote plays based on ideas from classics & universal human qualities