is a country located in Southern Europe

is surrounded on the north by Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia and Albania

bordering the Ionian Sea

and the Mediterranean Sea

It is a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 3,000 islands.

Greece's coastline measures

15,021 km (9,334 mi).

80% of Greece is mountainous

Mount Olympus is the highest peak in Greece.

Western Greece contains lakes

and wetlands.

Crete is the largest island of Greece and the

second largest, after Cyrus, in the Eastern

Mediterranean.

Greece has a very large number of islands,

most of them in the Aegean Sea.

• the cross symbolizes Eastern

Orthodox Christianity, the established

religion of the Greek people of Greece and

Cyprus.

According to popular tradition, the nine stripes represent the nine syllables of the phrase ("Freedom or Death").

The nine stripes symbolize the nine Muses.

Greek is the official language

of Greece, and is also one of the official

languages of the Republic of Cyprus.

It is commonly divided

into Ancient or Classical Greek (often

thought of as a dead language)

and Modern Greek.

Greek is one of the oldest

Indo European languages

and forms an independent

branch of the Indo

European language family

Like Latin, Greek has

influenced other languages

around the world,

It's estimated that

around 30% of the

English vocabulary

consists, directly and

indirectly, of words of

Classical Greek origin.

Most of them are

technical and scientific

terms.

aero from ἀήρ

[aeer], airauto from αὐτός

[aftos], self

mono from μόνος

[monos], one alone

psych from ψυχή

[psychee], the mind

logy from λέγειν

[leyein], to speak

phone from φων

ή [phonee], sound

chrome from χρῶ

μα

[chroma], colour

Greek at the beginning of

a word:

Greek at the end of a

word:

The Greek language has three

genders: masculine, feminine

and neuter

• Good morning

Kalimera kah-lee-MEHR-rah

• Good afternoon / evening

Kalispera kah-lees-PEH-rah

• Good night

Kalinikta kah-lee-NEEK-tah

• Goodbye

kherete KHE-reh-tay

• Hello

Yassou YAH-sue

• How are you?

Ti kanis? tee-KAH-nis

• Well / good

Poli kala po-LEE kah-LAH

• Thank you

Efkharisto eff-kah-rees-TOH

• You're welcome / please

Parakalo pah-rah-kah-LOH

0= Μηδέν (mee-then)

1= Ένα (ena)

2= Δύο (thee-o)

3= Τρία (trree-a)

4= Τέσσερα (tess-eh-

ra)

5= Πέντε (pen-dae)

6= Έξι (ex-ee)

7= επτά (ef-ta)

8= οκτώ (oct-o)

9= εννέα (en-ney-ah)

10= Δέκα (theh-ka)

Polytheistic religion

The ancient Greeks were

deeply religious people.

Greek Orthodox Church

The Greeks, to

show the gods

how important

they were, built

temples in every

town for one

god or goddess.

They were

homes for

statues of gods,

which were

cared for by

priests.

Priests were

important

people in the

community.

They were

believed to

have the

power to talk

to the gods

and so were

respected

and trusted.

A priest

main job was

to look after

the temples

and the

visitors to the

temples.

Religion

GreekOrthodox

Muslim

others

FOODLAMB MEAT - is widely used in the preparation of Greek foods

PORK AND BEEF MEAT -Beef was very expensive.

• FISH - was the main source of protein in the Greek diet.

Food in Ancient Greece was consisted of wheat, barley, fruits, vegetables and cake.

●They grew olives, grapes, figs and wheat and kept goats, for milk and cheese. They ate lots of bread, beans and olives.

●WINE –was the

main drink in ancient Greece.

● Men went to the

Theatre for entertainment.

● Women in

Ancient Greece

were closely tied to

domestic work,

spinning, weaving

and other domestic duties.

UPPER CLASS

●To be a member of

the upper class in

Athens you must be

a citizen, and you can not have a job.

● A member of the upper class must

be free from economic tasks such as trading.

MIDDLE CLASS

● The middle class in

Athens had a large

number of non citizens.

● They were mostly

professional men:

merchants, contractors,

manufacturers, manager,

craftsmen and artists.

LOWER CLASS

●The lower class was

partly made up of

freedmen

● The slave may be freed

by:

• his or her ransom

being paid off by a

relative or friend.

•Fights in a war

•Tutors a child

TRADITIONS IN GREECE

WEDDINGS

Their marriage symbolized:

LOVE, MUTUAL, RESPECT,

EQUALITY and SACRIFICE.

The wedding consist of three

parts:

1. PRE-WEDDING CEREMONIES

● Feast was held at the bride's father's home the day before the wedding took place.

●bath -This event took place the morning of the wedding day.

2. WEDDING

1. Betrothal, or

the Engyésis. This

was an oral

petition that

literally means

'the giving of a

pledge into the

hand.'

POST – WEDDING

CEREMONIES

•journey home- This

was the

time that the

father 'gave'

his daughter

to the

husband.

●The baby doesn’t

have a name until it is

baptized.

● blessing the water

with olive oil.

● immersion of the

baby in water 3

times.

● 1st Holy

Communion.

Other Traditional Festivities:

BAPTISM

Carnival is called “Apokries”; it

consists of two weeks of feast,

beginning from the Sunday of Meat

Fare and ends with the start of Lent,

“Clean Monday”.

Carnival

Everyone is

costumed

and parties

in the streets

and bars,

throwing

coloured

confetti to

each other.

most famous Carnival

parades:

•city of Parta,

Carnival

GREEK TRADITIONAL SUPERSTITIONS:

BREAD-

is

considered

as a gift of

God;

KNIVES –

Greeks

never

hand

knives to

someone

who asks

for it.

SPITTING –

Greeks

believe that

spitting

chases the

devil and

the

misfortune

way.

“ Piase Kokkino”

(Touch Red) –

When two people

say the same thing

together they

immediately say

“Piase Kokkino” one another and

both have to

touch any red

item they can find

around him.

ANCIENT GREEK COSTUMES

City States• “Polis” in Greece

• It is like a country with just one

city in it.

4 types of Government in

GreeceMonarc

hy Rule of a

king

Oligarc

hy Rule of

the few

Tyranny Rule

without

legal

authority

Democr

acy Rule of

the people

• Mycenaean

Period

• All city states

are ruled by

kings

• Homer’s Iliad

and Greek

Mythology

Monarchy

Rule of a king

•After Dark

Ages

•Ruled by

aristocrats

or nobles

Oligarchy Rule of the few

510

B.C

Tyranny Rule

without

legal

authority

• First created by

Athens

• Direct

democracyMale

Citizens1. Attend

assembly

2. Right to

debate

3. Offer

amendment

4. Vote on

proposals

5. Vote on

proposals

• Female

citizens

• Slaves

• Foreigners

• Children

Democr

acy

Rule of

the people

Parliamentary

Democracy• People elect 300

parliamentary deputies

• Duties of the administration

given to political part who

can collect 151 seats or

more

• The president of the

winning political party wins

as Prime Minister

Alexis TsiprasPrime

Minister

School

They had only one teacher

and about ten or twenty

boys.

Stylus – is a wooden pen that

has sharp end for writing and

flat end for rubbing out.

Education in Ancient Greece

Athens:

the purpose of education

was to produce citizens

Athenian boys also went

to 'wrestling school' each

day.

Until age 6 or so, boys

were taught at home by

their mother or by a

male slave.

primary school: two

important things to

learn– the words of

Homer and how to play

lyre.

Books were very expensive

and rare, so subjects were

read out-loud, and the boys

had to memorize everything.

Girls –They were educated in

housekeeping and how to look

after the family. The are not

allowed to go to school.

higher school : four years.

military school: (18 y.o)

two years

SPARTA :

EDUCATION

• The purpose of

education was

to produce a

well-drilled,

well-

disciplined

and marching

army.

Spartans - They were very loyal to the state of Sparta. Every Spartan, male or female, was required to have a perfect body.

slave (a helot)- unhealthy babies are trained for

Spartan Boys military school at age

6 or 7

Modern Education

The Greek educational system is mainly divided into three levels

–Primary

–secondary

–Tertiary

–with an additional post-secondary level providing vocational training.

All levels of education are

catered for by both private and

public schools.

State-run schools and

universities do not charge tuition

fees and textbooks are provided

free to all students.

The eras of the Greek

Literature:

Pre-classical era – This era

represents the ancient culture of

the Greeks and how the Literature

started.

Classical era – This

era represents the

“Dawn of the Drama”

Hellenistic era – This

was when the Greeks

started writing history

Pre-classical

Era

Use of poetry intended to be sung

Its subject was myth—part legend,

part folktale; and part religious

speculation.

Contribution

s

Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey

Hesiod’s Work of the Days

and Theogony

Classical Era

Lyrical Poetry

Poetry-

Odes

Pastorals

Elegies

Epigrams

Dramatic presentations of comedy and tragedy

History

Rhetorical-

Philosophical Dialectics

Philosophical Treaties

Contribution

s

Lyric Poets

Sappho

Pindar

Tragedy Writers

Aeschylus

Sophocles

Euripides

Historian

Herodotus

Thucydides

Greek Philosophers

Socrates

Plato

Aristotle

Hellenistic

translation of the Old Testament into Greek at Alexandria

Septuagint is from Latin septuaginta "seventy," from the tradition that there were 72 scholars who did the work.

Contributions

Greek Poetry writers

Theocritus

Callimachus

Apollonius of Rhodes

His main work is The Elements which is still used as a textbook in mathematics.

EUCLID

PLATO

The most famous works The Republic and Symposium.

Aristophanes

He was a playwright who wrote comedies.

His notable plays, The Wasps and Lysistrata.

EURIPIDES

Was a Greek tragedian.

His most known works are Alcestis, Medea and The Bacchus.

HOMER

Homer is best

known for the two

epic poems the

Iliad and the

Odyssey.