GREECE!!!!GREECE!!!!

3000 BC – 300 BC3000 BC – 300 BC

11stst Greeks Greeks

• MinoansMinoans– Lived on the island of CreteLived on the island of Crete

GeographyGeography

2 things that shaped Greece life2 things that shaped Greece life– Mts. and SeasMts. and Seas– Mts. cover about 2/3 of GreeceMts. cover about 2/3 of Greece

EffectsEffects

• Small City-StatesSmall City-States

• Fiercely Independent Fiercely Independent

ClimateClimate

• Great weatherGreat weather– Men activities - outsideMen activities - outside

MycenaeansMycenaeans

• Indo-Europeans – settled mainland in Indo-Europeans – settled mainland in 2000 BC2000 BC

• Contacted Minoans - 1500 BCContacted Minoans - 1500 BC

• Took over as main GreeksTook over as main Greeks

Trojan WarTrojan War

• 1200 BC – 10 yr war between 1200 BC – 10 yr war between Mycenaeans and TrojansMycenaeans and Trojans

HomerHomer

• A Blind Poet A Blind Poet – Illiad and OdysseyIlliad and Odyssey

– Oral traditions – written down after his Oral traditions – written down after his death death

Which one is real???Which one is real???

Arete (ar-uh-TAY)Arete (ar-uh-TAY)

• Virtue and Excellence!!Virtue and Excellence!!

ANCIENT GREECE -PHILOSOPHERS

“Lovers of Wisdom”

Two Main Ideas

The universe is put together in an orderly way – subject to absolute and unchanging laws

People can understand these laws through logic and reason

SOCRATES!!!

(cont.)

Wanted Greeks to question themselves and their moral character

(cont.)

“The unexamined life is not worth living”

(cont.)

Socrates asked people a series of leading questions to show that people hold many contradictory opinions.

Socratic Method

Purpose: The student comes either to the desired

knowledge by answering the questions or to a deeper awareness of the limits of knowledge.

Plato

Student of Socrates

Wrote The Republic – his vision of a perfectly governed society

The Republic

Leader – Philosopher/King

Three social classes

Aristotle

Questioned the nature of the world.

Why does the world work the way it does? Used logic

Doesn’t just say “B/c the Gods did it!”

(cont.)

Tutored Alexander the Great (Macedonia) in 343 BC

Pericles

Leader during Golden Age in AthensIncreased paid public officials

Created direct democracy

Glorified Athens

Pericles / Delian League

Used money from D. L. to increase Athenian Navy

“ ” to beautify Athens

Athens – started bullying other poleis

Pericles

Had Parthenon Built

(cont.)

Peloponnesian city-states began resisting Athens

Drama and History

2 TypesComedyTragedy

○ a serious drama○ One main character – hero○ Hero - Extraordinary abilities○ Hero had a tragic flaw

Herodotus484 BC–c. 425 BC

1st Historian

Recorded the Persian Wars

Peloponnesian War

War between Spartan and Athens

Sparta declares war in 431 BC

WHY???

(cont.)

What type of war did Sparta want to fight??

What type did Athens want??

(cont.)

Sparta – land battles – burned Athenian food supply

Pericles – gathered everyone behind Athenian wall

(cont.)

What happened when all these people were crammed behind a city wall with limited amounts of food? They couldn’t leave.

PLAGUE!!!

1/3 of Athenian population was killed

Signed a truce in 421 BC

LIARS!!!

Athens – LIARS!

415 BC – Attacked Sparta’s ally

Athenian military was completely destroyed

Athens lost everything – no longer a power

356 BC - 323 BC

Phillip II (359 BC)

Macedonian King

Most Macedonians thought of themselves as Greeks

Greeks didn’t feel the same • Thought M’s were barbaric

Phillip turned peasant class into trained professional army

Used phalanx

Set his eyes on Greece

Why was Phillip II able to conquer the Great civilization of Greece????

PERSIA

Alexander takes over as king at age 20

Strict and organized leader

• Ex. - Thebes

Goes after Persia in 334 BC

Although outnumbered he defeats Darius III

Darius III tries to negotiate

NOT A CHANCE!!!

Alexander says he will conquer the entire Persian Empire…..and he eventually does

Marched into Egypt - welcomed as a pharaoh

Founded the city Alexandria (11 times)

Meets Darius again in Persia – wins

Persepolis (Persian capital) burns to the ground

Why?

After 11 years of fighting his troops want to turn back

On his way back Alexander dies