Great scientists

Unit 1

expert

attend physician

exposecure

challenge

adj. 熟练的 ; 经验丰富的n. 专家 ; 行家vt. 照顾 ; 出席 ; 参加n. 医生；内科医师vt. 暴露 ; 揭露 ; 使曝光n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗n. 挑战vt. 向……挑战

Words preview

victimabsorbsuspect

enquiry neighbourhood severe

pump

n. 受害者vt. 吸收 ; 吸引 ; 使专心vt. 怀疑n. 被怀疑者 ; 嫌疑犯n. 询问n. 附近 ; 邻近adj. 严重的 ; 严厉的n. 泵 ; 抽水机vt. ( 用泵 ) 抽 ( 水 )

Words preview

foresee blame

pollute handle

linkannounce

instruct

vt. 预见 ; 预知vt. 责备 ; 谴责n. 过失 ; 责备vt. 污染 ; 弄脏 n. 柄 ; 把手vt. 处理 ; 操纵vt. & n. 连接；联系vt. 宣布 ; 通告vt. 命令 ; 指示 ; 教导

Words preview

JOHN SNOW DEFEATS

“KING CHOLERA”

Reading

Skimming to get

general ideas

Reading Tips

在阅读每个段落时，要注意综合运用略读 (skimming)

与扫读 (scanning) 这两种方法。

After reading the passage,

match the following stages

with the paragraphs.

Skimming

Reading Comprehension I

Stages• Draw a conclusion

• Think of a method

• Collect results

• Make a question

• Find a problem

• Analyze the results

• Find supporting evidence

Para. Stages in an experiment

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Find a problem

Make a question

Think of a method

Collect results

Analyse the results

Draw a conclusionFind supporting evidence

Paragraphs & Stages

First we should find the problem. Then, think of a method. We should collect as much information as possible. Analyzing results is the most important stage. Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to find supporting evidence.

Summary

Skimming

Reading Comprehension II

What’s the main idea of the passage?A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water.C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.D. How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated the disease.

Careful reading to solve

difficult points

1. attend v.

(1) to take care; give attention

注意；留意 如 :We’ll attend to the solution of that

problem later.

(2) to take good care of (a sick person, for

example) 照看；照料 如 :

The doctor attended the patients.医生照看病人。

attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座 attend church 去教堂 attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼

(3) to be present at 出席 ; 到场 如 :

2. exposed adj. 暴露的； 无掩蔽的

expose to 使易受 ; 使受 expose sth to the light of day

把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局

exposedness n. 暴露；显露

3. absorb v. (1) 吸收 ( 液体 ); 承受 ; 承担

我们不能承担这些费用。We’ll not absorb these charges.

(2) 使专心；使全神贯注

作家全神贯注地进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。

The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened. 

4. blame v. 责备 ; 谴责The driver was not to blame for the ac

cident. 

这次事故怪不着司机。n. 过失 ; 责备

我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。

Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.

指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。

5. linked to 把……与……连接 ; 联系

be linked to 连接The two towns are linked by a railway.

Find out the main idea of each paragraph:John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.He got interested in two theories explaining.He needed to prove the second theory was correct.He found out that dirty water wasthe cause of cholera.

Para. 1

Para. 2

Para. 3

Para. 4

Para. 5

Para. 6

Polluted water carried the disease.

Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.

Scanning to get

detail information

Read the passage and number these

events in the order that they happened.

___ John Snow began to test two theories.

___ An outbreak of cholera hit London in

1854.

___ John Snow marked the deaths on a

map.

Scanning

Reading Comprehension III

___ He announced that the water carried the disease.___ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.___ King Cholera was defeated.___ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.___ He had the handle removed from the water pump.

Answer: 2 1 4 7 3 8 5 6

Scanning

Reading Comprehension IV

1. Why couldn’t the cholera be controlled at first? A. Its speed of spreading was so fast. B. Its cause wasn’t understood C. Its cure wasn’t understood. D. Both B. & C.2. How many people died in 10 days? A. Less than 500. B. More than 500. C. More than 450. D. Less than 450.

Answer these questions.

1 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?

2 Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.3 Cholera was a 19th century disease.

What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?

Scanning

Reading Comprehension V

What should you do if you're travelling

to a country that has a cholera

outbreak? Drink only water that you have boiled.

Other safe drinks include tea or coffee

made with boiled water, bottled

beverages with no ice.

Discussion

Eat only food that's been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that you've peeled yourself. Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish. Avoid raw salads and vegetables.

Avoid food and drinks from street

vendors. TIPS

1. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007 上海卷 ) A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed

2. At the beginning of class, the noise

of desks ____ could be heard outside

the classroom. (2007 全国 II 卷 )

A. opened and closed

B. to be opened and closed

C. being opened and closed

D. to open and close

3. Please remain ______; the winner

of the prize will be announced soon.

(2008 辽宁卷 )

A. seating

B. seated

C. to seat

D. to be seated

Homework

1. Read the text again and

underline some important

phrases and difficult sentences.

2. Find more information about

John Snow and cholera.