Great Painters

8/3/2019 Great Painters

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February Volume: No: GE INES

he sto ofpantng ges as fa backas 20,000 yeas ago, to a tme whenan had not yet learned to wrte Helooked aound the wod, and tred toreproduce what he saw n drawngsan was just a caveman n those days,and the hstory of art began n caves

Art has pogessed though theages t has organed tsef nto df-ferent styles n tems of form, as wel as content any panters beong tocetan movements, gvng dffeenttreatment to space, perspectve, ghtand colou Hstory tes us of manygreat genuses who led such mov-ments, and evolutonsed the wodof a rt A few exam pes a e Edgar De-gas, Vncent Van Gogh, and Pabo Pcasso who ceated h stoy by n tat-

ng great movements lke Impes-sonsm, Expresson sm and Cubsm

hs ssue ofanorama Tell e Whypresents to you some of these greatpanters whose woks have stood thetest of tme nevtably, we had tomake many reluctant omssons, and

many names had to be let outfo lackofpace le h 21vnQpanters eI FROM THE HOUS OF MAGIC POT, MANORAMA y iOOK VANITHA H W! AND THE MALAYALA MANORAMA DAIY


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y s sa a sory o ann

ba n cav annse know that early an l ved n caves

He lved manly by huntng, and gradually hbegan to decorate the rock faces n the recesses ofcaves Early an created mages of the bson and

rendeer whch he hunted, and these were the very frstpantngs ever created

Prehstorc cave pa nt ngs have been d scovered n manyparts of the wor ld, from Europe and Afrca, to Austra l a Afrcahas some of the ear lest pantngs and rock engravngs to havebeen dated Nearly 30,000 years old, they were dscovered n

1 969 on th e rock face n a cave n Namba Bu t th e most numerous, and the most sophstcated of preh storc pa ntngs are onthe wal l s of caves n Southwest rance and Northern Span

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Wy ar ans a Gro Cauv scal

rotte Cauvet i a beautifupainted cave in France. It a ev-era very la rge ga le rie it moretan 300 painting and engravingtat ere probaby done 32,000 to30,000 year ago. Te paintingo rinoceroe, feline, bear,

o and mammot, a el aanimal uc a o, yena andpanter ic ave never or veryrarey been found in previoupainting of ti period. In fact,ome arcaeologit believe tattee may be te oldet non

painting in te orld, and terefore, tey are very pecial .

Wy s Cmabu on raras frs morn anr

imabue a a major a rtit or-ing in Florence at te end of te1 3 century. He a born in F lor-

ence in 1240 AD Wen Cimabuea learning to paint in te 1 260,Italian painter ere ti copyingte tye of Byantine art ic al -ay ad god bacground. tgenerally oed aint and an-ge, a el a Jeu and Mary in

very formal, tif poit ion, to oo i mpoant tee figu re ere,and tat tey ere not ie realpeople. Te igu re ere flat, andvery l ittle efort a made to o

1 00 a as

teir mucle, or tedo tat oud

mae tem oo reaCimabue a aociated it a tyle ofpainting on agotic a rt, and e aalo an i mportant fore-runner of te later inter-

nationa gotic tyleHe introduced a l ifel ietreatmentoftraditionarei giou ubject, anda a o famou for ial l painting. Hi motfamouor,Madonna

Entroned, tood treeand alf metre igHe i conidered byome expert to be tefirt modern painter.

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Why did Gioo di 80r-done change the histoy

of painting?otto was an Ital

an panter, who wasa student and contemporary ofCmabue It s sadthat Gotto was a shep ..i-:boy scratchng pctures ofseep on rocks whenCmabue dscovered m G-otto frst worked on mosacsbefore h s nterests spread topantng, sculpture, and arctecture

Gotto worked many nwal or fresco pantng He sknown for beg nn n g to put nnatura landscape backgrounds to hs pantng, asopposed to the plan godbackgrounds favou red by the

older Cmabue Hs figureswere felke, and he pantedthe outdoors wth gorous rea sm and colours He changedthe h story of pant ng by takng the portrayal of people anplaces to new leves Hs artsh nes wt truth and u ma nty,and hs fgures are fleshandblood nd vdua ls who convncngly express joy, anger, fear,horror, and g ref

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Why was Simone Mainifamous in Euope?

mone Martn was an Ita an panter, who was one ofthe most orgna and nfuenta artsts of the Senesescoo Smone was born n

Sena, a cty n West CentralItay, and apprentced n theworkshop of Senese masterDucco d Buonnsegna,where he developed hsstye and reputaton eary.Smone created hs own

versons of many of Ducco'sgreatest works But, n dong so, he appl ed hs ownsense of decoratve charmto trad tona subjects, andsoon became known forhs unque combnaton of

older Byzantne andFrench Gothc styles.

Smone became mostfamous n Sena wth thefresco of the Maest n

Tel MeWhy


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the Palao PubblcoOver the ucceedingyear h career grewrapidly Many of S-

mone' importantwork how h i devel-oping ene of land-cape and real m

Simone wa a ma-ter n depcting fgureand portrat e paid

partcul ar attention tofacial feature thatgave h ubectcompex characterand emotion Fig-ure were alway fin-ihed with crupu-

lou attenton to de-tail, and hi work admired to thi dayboth for it piritual -ty and it rea l m

1 00 at ats

Wy as Fra nlco calby s nam

ra Angelco wa a Domncan

monk and famou tali an panter ofthe eary Renaance FlorentineSchool Though hi name wa FraGiovanni da Feole he earned hinickname through h un uuay piou nature. e wa ca led Angelco whch Ital an for 'ange c' becaue

the pantng he d d were of camrelgiou ubect and becaue ofh extraordinary perona l p iety

One of F ra Angel ico' mot extenive proect wa the decoration ofthe Domincan Monatery of SanMarco n F orence between 1 435 and

1 445. i ki l l n creatng monumenta figure repreentng moton anduggeting deep pace mark h im aone of the foremot pa nter of theRenaiance e earned fame for h itechn ca ki l and he neverretouchedor a tered any of hi pa int ing for he

bel ieved that to do o would be goingaga int the wil l of God

Dpn /Cr A Fmu Pnn b Fr Anl


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a r conrbuos oJanan Eyck

an Van Eyck wathe greatet artit othe eary Netherandchoo He held manyhigh poition duringhi career includingthat oa cou painter

and diplomat Hipeciaty wa oipainting and he uedthe medium o ki

Jn Vn ltrp nSt. Bvon Crl Gnt

u l ly that he wa able to captu re eventhe ma let detail He had a remarkab le memory and it i a id that hieye acted both l ike a teecope and amicrocope! Hi painting combine

antay with real ity and he beli evedthat peope nature and da i ly l ie a reacinating u bect that can be captured in a piritua l ma nner He wacaed a prince o painter by an-other painter o that period and watruy one o the pioneer o Femihrealim

o r rasanrs o Rnassanc

ranged in unnatura geometricgroup and background arenothing more than wahe ohe term Rena iance reer

to the revival o art and itera-ture under the inluence oclaical model in the 1 4_ 1 6centurie It wa tru ly the goldenage o painting

InworkromtheMiddleAge and Bibl ica l ig ure a re ar

gold The Renaiance painterdepicted the human igure arealitically a poibe oenwith background o the naturalworld Careul ue o ight andhadow made gure appearul l and rea l Rena iance paint

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r not ony portrayd objctwith mor ralim thy ofnfi l ld thir canva with morobjct al carfuly and accuratly dpctd

Th Rnaanc priod haproducd om of th mot famou artit n th htory ofmanknd Thy incud Brunllchi Giotto Donato Botti

cll Maacco Andra Mantgna Pro dlla FranccaLonardo da Vinc RaphalMichanglo and Titian alongwith a hot of othr a rtt andintllctual

Wy s Pablo Uccllo con-

sr on o ounrso Rnassancabo Ucclo wa an Italian

paintr who wantd to prntobjct in thr dmnonaform in ordr to crat a fing of dpth in h paintng t

aid that h would tay u p al l

1 00 at ats

night trying to dtrmn thxact vanh ing pont of an objct lovd ung th formand movmnt of human andanima n h panting I n factPablo Uccllo panting arvry famou for thr ang ofhor ridr lanc and pnnant hlmt and bit of landcap

Uccllo gratt pantng

Bttl f Sn Rmn

wr thr pan ttd Th Battl of San Romano Nght untand Th Dlug Othr paint

ing ar portrait of Sir ohnawkn Gotto Brunl lch Donatllo and St Gorg andth Dragon Uccl lo pantingrmbl if and confu uinto mtaking l lu ion for ralty i u of bril l ant colour

and th fantatic ct l alating impact on hi viwrand h wa conidrd on ofthfoundr ofth Rnaancmovmnt in pantng

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Why was Rogier Van DerWeyden influential in FranceGermany, and

'Spain?

he beginning of the 15th

century saw the emergence ofa talented generation of pa int-ers in the Netherlands. Withtheir exceptiona eye for detai l,

A Famous Altarpiece by Weden

they were an innovative frcei n Westen painting. These a rtists went down i n h istory a theF lemish painters.

Rogier Van Der Weyden was a

Flemish painter who becamefamous for the detai led real ismthat cha racterizes h is works. Hesetted in B russels, and soon hewas appointed as the city pai nt

1 0

er, which led to n umerous public and private commissions.Rogier operated a large work-shop with many assistants, in-cluding his son Pieter, whosucceeded him as city painterin Brussels. His paintings weredramatic and emotional, andhe was oen referred to as themaster of passion.

Rogier's infuence was strongand widespread. In his own ifetime, h is paintings were senta l l over Europe. Rogier's por-traits, usua l ly serene and a ristocratic, were a lso much imitated,infl uencing Dutch, Spanish and

German artWhy is it said that TomassoMasaccio staed the ItalianRenaissance?

omasso Masaccio was a re-nowned painter of frescoesduring the ta ian Renaissance.

Masaccio' meaning sloppy'

I' not eata thing untl I fnsh

ths!

Tell Me Why


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Madonna and Chld wh SanAnn A Famous Wok by Masao

wa a n ickname given to h im, becaehi dedication to hi paint ing wa o

great that he gave little attention tohi perona l hygiene!

Maaccio i noted or hi advancede o perpective in order to createmore realitic igre. He alo movedaway rom the Gothic tyle the timeto a more natral itic tyle. i g reat

et work were hi recoe done orthe Brancacci Chapel in F lo rence. Maaci wa a maor inlence on thelater tal ian Renaiance painter pri-marily Michelangelo.

Maaccio managed to paint a ewpictre o ch enormo impact ato afect not only the whole trecore o Florentine painting bt a lothat o Eropean ine art painting . A arelt he i conidered a one o theonding ather o Rena iance a rt.

1 00 a as

na MannaAn alan paner

an enravr An-

rea Manena pane heroc fure of-n un a ramacprpcvehav he vwer hel luon of lookn upfrom blow The ef-

fec omewha heam a lookn upfrom roun lvl aau moun ona peeal an h wha ma hwork o ern

r of nnepann l Trumph of Caear'ha Manna ar n 1 486 how hnr n mperalRome n on famouwork calle heCamra l Spo'or he WenChambr' he pan-e h wal an celn of a mall nerorroom ranformn no an openarpavl on Room cre-an h or of lluon bcam verpopular n he1600'

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Why is Botticeli'spainting Birth of Ve-nus' so special?

orn in 1445, Sandro

Bottielli wa an impor-tant painter during the Italian Renaiane He i

known for the dreamylook of the people godgodde and angel inh i painting The way he

painted fae wa opeial Eah fae wadiferent but full of life

Chapel For An Artist

Adrea ategna died i atuai 1506 ad received the peciahoou of having a funera chapel inthe church of Santa Adrea (pictuedhere) dedicated to him. This famouchuch also safeguad goden vese aid to hold arth soaed by the

bood of Chit.

and beautiful in it own wayBottielli painted many religiou

and mythologial ene One of himot famou pa inting i the B irth of

enu Thi how the Godde enuemerging from a eahel and thepainting i remarkable in that theweight of the body i d itr ibuted un-equa ly o that the figure form oneontinuou urve It remain to thiday one of the greatet materpiee

of a l l timeWhy was it sai that ieronymusBosch new psychology?

ieronymu Boh wa a painterfrom the Netherland who l ived dur-ing the 1 5 and 1 6 enturie Manyof hi ork depit in and human

moral fa i l ing Boh who ued imageof demon halfhuman anima l andmahine to evoke fear and onfuionto portray the evi of Man produedome of the mot inventive fantaypa inting that have ever exited

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Why is the Monasa unique?

geatet atit andth inke of a l l timeIn addition to hpaintng da Vincwa an accom-pihed culptor archtect manenginee and c-entt

he Mona La ithe mot famouainting in the hitory of art Leonadoda Vnci the crea-to of thi mateiece t ad thatwhen he wa 1 4, Le-

onardo had panted

Mona Lsa he panting

the pictue of a dagon thatlooked o real that it actuallycared hi fathe! eonado daVinc i conidered one of the

Boch ha been caled themater of the montrou thedicoverer of the unconciouor hi painting how a keen

iight nto human pychologye depct fe a a continuoutuggle between Man and hine natue and ue fam i aroveb to comment on the

how a beautifulwoman eated on an armchar on a bacony Behindher a andcape can be eenLeonardo ha eated her othat the fgure eem a lmota l ve Her mile myteriou

and nothing n the pantingappea fixed A the hapeeem to way and flow gentlynto one another and the fig-ure and andcape are pe-fectly harmonied Expetbeleve Leonado painted the

Mona La n Italy over a longpeiod beginnng about 1 505.

human condition He wa a upeb cratman too and ued towok drecty on the canvawth no unde paintng At thetime of h death Boch wa in ternatonay celebated a aneccentc painte of reigiouvion who dea t n patcu la wth the toment of hel l


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Th Supp

W a d out n uc a way tat t ook ke Jeu and

e Lat Suppe a m ua apote wee ttng at teby Leonado da nc tat end o te dn ng a Tewa panted on a wa o te dcpe ae a eactng ndnng a n te Convent oo to te tougt tato Santa Maa dee Gae omeone at tat taben Man Itay Te dea wa woud betay te matetat te monk woud be Te pant ng emakabeabe to ocu on te at becaue te d cpe ae a mea o eu we tey poayng vey umanwee eatng Te mua eay dentabe emotonuge and cove an ente You can ee tat evey nwa n act t te aget ge eement o te pantngpctue tat Leonado eve dect one attenton

panted e pantng tagt to te mdpont o- te compotonato wc

fumato is a painting tech-nique in which there are no harsh

outlines present Figures blendinto one another through minis

cule brushstroes which mae fora rather hazy yet more realistic de-piction of light and colour An earlywondeul example of sfumato

can be seen in Leonardo'sona Lisa


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eu Chrt headIn thi work eon

ardo wanted to experimentwith a newtyle he had invented ca led tempera. Iti a method of pa inting with pgmentdipered in an

emuon micbewth water typica lyegg yok. The paint-ing took him fouryear to complete 1 495 to 498 Unfor-tunately eonardo

new experimentwa a dater Thepaint amot mme-diatey began fa ingoff the plater Artexpert tred to re-create what theythought the pantng mut havelooked l ike There a lot ofdebate a boutwhether thoe expet realy did fx

the painting or ifthey changed tmeanng by makngchange n coourand detal .

Why was Albrecht Durernown as the prophet of the

Northern Renassance"lbrecht Durer wa perhap thegreatet German artit of the Rena ance era n 1 486, he a ap-prenticed to the panter andprintmaker Mchae Wogemutand began to work with woodcut

and copper engravng a wel Durer work ncude atarpece

numerou portrat and efpor-trait and copper engraving H tllfamou work incude theApocalype woodcut KnightDeath and the Dev Saint erome

in h i Study and Melencolia whichha been the ubect of extenveanayi and nterpretaton Hiwatercoour mark him a one ofthe firt European andcape art-t whi le h am bit iou woodcutrevolutionized that medum

Durer prnt etablhed hreputation acro Europe whenhe wa ti l l in hi twentie and heha been re-garded a thegreatet att of

the Renaancen Northern Eu


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Why s Mhelangelospanng n he sne Chapelone of he g reaes feas everao p she

he Sstine Chapel cengpaintings (see pctue to theght) by icheangeo weecommssoned by Pope Ju lus in 1 508, and wee competed n1 5 1 2. t was aduous wok thatequied the a rtst to constantlypaint whle lyng on hs backatop a scaffold that aised himto withn nches o f the ce ingThe pantings tookfouyeas tofinish and it was physcal ly a-tistcal ly and emotional y a te

mendous feat by the a rtist whoceated this mastepece sn-gehandedy

The paintng coves 520squae metes of the celngand the cental a ea s made upof nine panels showing scenes

fom the Old Testament. Thesepanels ae suounded by fig uesfom Geek mythol-ogy and ebewpophets To thsday these celing

paintings continueto inspe mil ionsof pigims andtouists in VaticanCity each yea

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What were the contrib-

tions of ichelangelo?icheangeo wa an Ital ian

cu ltor, ainter, a rch itect, andoet. e wa one o the motimotant artit o the Renaiance. At age 23 Michelangelocomleted hi magniicent Pieta, a marble tatue that howthe Virgin Mary grieving overthe dead Jeu e began workon the coloal ig ure o Davidin 1 50 1 and by 1 504 the cu lture wa in lace outide the

Pa laoVecchio.Aterinihinghi mot amou roect, theceil ing othe Sitine Chael, helater ainted he Lat Judgment on the a ltar wa l o theSistine Chapel.

oward the end o hi lie,

Michelangeo became moreinvolved in architecture andpoetry. I n 1 546, he wasmadechie arch itect othe artly inished St. Peter's Basil ica in

Rome Michelange o a rt wa aculmination of the knowedge

and revival o the ca ic d uring the Renaiance, and hiworkwas the launching point a new tye o art which became known a Mannerim.

". . '\fi;:.

Why wasRaphael consiere a

eaer of theItalian Renaissance?

a h a e lhad great taent, and he received earytrain ing in a rt rom hi ather,Giovanni Santi. e aolearned newtechn ique romLeonardo da Vinci andMichelangeo Beauty anderenity were h i g reat emotional theme

Rahael ainted the Madonna del Granduca, heSmal l Cower Madonna, andhe Alba Madonna eainted Stana de ll ncendio,and our largecale aintingwhich were Marriage o the

Virgin, Soaliio, he Cruciied Chrit with Virgin Maryand Saint and Ange

Rahae wa a caicalerectionit, and he wathought to be one othe motdetailed ainter o all or

traitit e wa known a aleader o the Renaiance, orhe made eole thi nk o erona l ity when they looked athi ainting into which heut real itic emotion.

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Why was Titian calle a master painter'?itian wa th leader o the 16 century Venetan

chool o the Ita an Rena iance e wa recognied

ealy in hi own ietime a a upremely geat painte i work i charactered by pure coour and ideal iedbeauty in natue and human

itian waequa lyadeptwith portat and landcapemythoogcal and rel ig iou ubect. What make hi m amater painter i h i deep nteret in colou itan motmportant n novation were made in portrature with h i

each and penetation n h uman chaacteitian a o tanomed the art o oi pa nting with newtechnique that changed the way that Rena iance artitued paint. i wok gad ua lly became vey reeand he eemed to paint om pure emoton e elta i nothng eve needed to be overde l beatedand anything coud be painted over unt l the artt

elt atiied hi mndet along with h mate-ul technique made itian an inpiration to theyoung artit o h own day and inuenced thegreat mater o the next century

Why was ans olben the Younger

consere a man of many talents?an olbein wa an outtandng portrait

and religiou painte o the Nothen Ren-aiance. e wa known a an olbenthe Younger becau e h i ather an o bein the Eler wa alo an accomplihedpainter. an howed h dvee ntereteay in h caree by deigning woodcutand g la pantng i l utratng book andpant ing portat and a ltarpece

Between 1 5 1 9 and 1 526, an decorated

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Why were Tintoretto'spaintings ierent?

acopo RobutiTi ntoretto

i bet known for hi monumenta and dramatic reigiou art The a rtit waborn in Venice and livedthere a h i l ife Even thoughhi painting i ditinguihedby great daring he eem

to have led a rather retiredl ife concerned on y with h iwork and the we lbeing ofhifamily

Tintoretto mot notabework inc lude the eary StMark Freeing the Save awell a the erieof rel ig ioupainting he completed forthe Scuoa d i San Rocco be

many bui ld ing in Bae includ-

ing the Town al e aopainted the celebrated DeadChrit a we l a the a ltarpieceof the Madonna with St U ruand a B ihop Saint and the famou Madonna of Burgomater Meyer altarpiece Ao of

thi period are numerou portrait in which he how h i truegeniu n 1536 he becamecourt painter to enry V I and

tween 564 and 588 iat picture of coniderabeimportance wa the vat

Pa radie It wa reputed tobe the arget painting everdone upon canva e alopainted The Lat Supperwhich i d ramaticay d ierent from that which wapainted by da Vinci

Tintoretto eary workad hered quite trictly to theMannerit tradition of theVenetian Renaianceowever he laterdeveloped hiown tye thatwa highy dynamic and extravagant

made numerou portrait

and drawing of the king andhi wive

In add ition to hi paintingan e to the word mag-nificent preliminary portraitdrawing in which he combined cha k iverpoint pen

and ink and other mediaAlo famou are hi wood-cut and il lutration forLuther Bible


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W w Blcll Bl

tr Brug wa th fi rt

in a fam ly of Fmih paintr, and i gnraly condrd th gratt Flmhpaintr of th 6 cntu y

Brug painting, incuding landcap and cn ofpaant lif ar full of zt

and fin dta l Thy alo xpo human waknand foli trid to tlth tory bhind a pant ingbycombining vral cninto it wa omtimca ld th paant Brugl bcau hi panting wrpopulatd by paantBrugl mad th lf andmannr of paant thman focu of hi panting

20

W Soo Aol o occ

ofoniba wa on of th frtwomn to ga in an intrnationarputation a a paintr Smad h itory whn h wnt totudy paintng undr th rnownd artit Campi, bcauat that tm, womn wr not

gnray accptd into pant-r tudio Sh concntratdon portrait, and hr tyl wauniqu, and thrfor hitorcaly ignificant Sh did awaywith th r ig id a rtifcal it of th

A Paining by Pi Bug

s vivid dpiction of th rtua l ofvllag lif giv u glimp of avanihd folk cutur, and ar aprim ourc of vdnc aboutboth phyica l a nd ocia apct of 6 cntury if

T M Why


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tmes, and captured emoton n

her portraits. Many of her self

portra its convey her own e-

finedcharacter.

Inthe1 550', SophonisbajonedtheSpanishcouras a ladyinwat-ing to the Queen There she produced some of her most exquisite works, fu of ntrcate anddecate fabrcs, fabu ous jewelery, and furs. He greatest contri

bution was that she opened thea world up to women painters.She was undoubtedy the mostsuccessful woman painter ofthe Spanish Golden Age.

Why was Greco consideredeccentric?

Geco was a Cetanbon panter,scul pto, and achitect who settledin Spain, and is regarded as the frstgreat genius of the Spanish School.e was known as E G reco or the

Greek, but hs ea name was Domenikos Theotokopouos.EI Greco's painting style was dif

ferent, and it gave rseto many myths abouthis l fe and art. Hecompessed space

and twisted forms tocreate a unique stylethat was oten consdered eccentric One ofhis greatest works 'The

1 00 Great Painters

Saint Martin and the Bear -A Painting by El Greco

Bural of Count Orgaz ' por

tays a nobeman's soul risng to heaven, surroundedby anges and poltcal figures of the times.

Folowing his death, EIGreco's work fe nto obscurty and, after its redscoveryn the nneteenth century,was oten misundestood EGreco has been caled aprophet of modern art, amystic, and even a manwhose sight was di storted -

a l l misconceptionsthat have cloudedundestanding ofh is d istnctve, butdel ibeate style.

21


22/99

Wh w vggo go

u n?aravaggo wa

probaby the motrevolutona y att ofh tme An Ital anpante he abandoned the ue thathad gu ded a entuyof att before hmH elgou pant-ng wee reatand damat notdealed fom ofmen and god hemode hoen fo

a nt were rea pea-ant wth wnkedfae and drty feetnot beautfu artorat lookng menand women Thgeatly upet trad-

tonal oety andCaavaggo ame nfo a ot of rt m

Few att n h toyhave exeed a ex-traodnay an nfu-ene a th tempe

tuou and hortlvedpanter Caravaggowa detned to turna lage part of Euro-pean art away from

22

Th Suppr a Emmau A Famu Panng b Caraagg

the dea vewpont of the Rena ane tothe onept that mple reaty wa op mary mpotane He wa one of thefrt to pant people a odna y lookng

He efued to ompome on h tyleand by tand ng f rm he plaed rel g ouat n a new ght

Wh l Rn gn nnonl m?

eter Pau Ruben wa a pof eventeenthentuy Fem h pante who wa

ntenatonaly known fo an exuberanttye that emphaed movement oou rand enualty He ganed fame for hounterreformaton atarpee portat landape and htory pantngof mythologal ubet

Rube reated the fuon of the eal -

t trad ton of Femh pantng wth themagnatve freedom and aaltheme of Itaan Renaane pantng pantng ofen depted relgouand myth a heroe n rea t and exu

Te Me Wy


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Fns Hls pos cll 'plsi . an al beonged to a epected am ly n the Netheland. e

wa the it geat a tit o the centuy Dutch chool and iegaded a one othe mot b ant o al potatt. Almot a h i wok ae potat and even thoe that a e not ae potatlike n chaacte

In 16 6 a gained the eputaton o a matepainte with h panting o the St ov ShootingCompany one othe c ub compoed ovounteebanded togethe o the deence o the town Fan

al ezed the oppounty to how h wondeulki l l in deta wh le pantng the cu and u wonby thee gandee In a h wok thee an i mpeion otength athe than o beauty

a put a m le on the ace o neay every oneo h leading chaacte' and n every cae thelaugh ut the ubect. a undetood om the

beginnng how to convey the pit o a oly occa-ion and how to b ing e nto pant ng o goupt wa the vtaty and cham o hi pantng thatcaued h potait to be ca led pleaant a t

beant poe but he equay epectedo h andcape and portat In the ma-

tue phae o h caee Ruben ethe executed peona ly o upevied the execu-tion o an enomou body o wok thatpanned a l a ea o panting a nd d awng.

A prraby Paul Rubn

1 00 ea aes

In addition to unning a lage tudio inAntwep which poduced pa inting popula with nobi ity and at col lecto though-out E uope Ruben wa a c laica lyedu-cated humanit choa at colecto anddi plomat who wa knghted by both Ph l i pV K ing o Span and Chale I Ki ng o Engand.


24/99

How o Ams Gnlschspnngs lc h own xp-ncs?

rtemsa Getlesc was oe of

te frst wome artsts to aceverecogto te maledomatedworld of postReassace art aera we fema le a rtsts were l mted

Painingb tmisia

to portratpatg admtatve poses se was tefrst woma topat majorstorca adrelgous scearos

A r t e m s a ' slfe was tragcad t made astrog mpacto er patg Her workbecame a sym

boc attemptto deal wt te pyscal metal ademotoal trau mas tat se was eperecg Te eroes of er art arepowerful wome eactg revege omale evldoers Aemsa was wtoutdoubt te most mportat woma

pater of Eary Moder Europe byvrtue of te ecel lece of er workte orgaty of er treatmet oftradtoa l subects ad te um berof er pat gs tat ave survved

24

Why ws DgoVlzqz cll hpns pn?

ego Velaque was a

Spa s pater wo waste leadg artst tecourt of Kg Plp IV Amaster of tecque ewas gy dvda l stye I fact Dego Velasque may ave ad agreater fluece o Europea art ta ay oterpater ofte tme

We e was 24, Degopated a portrat of P l pIV wo became s pa

tro From te o ecept

Wy ws Ncolsossn gpn?

colas Pouss was

te greatest Frecartst ofte 7 ceturyad te fouder of scoutry's classcalscool Wt mFrec patg wetbeyod Frace ad

became a Eu ropea affar mrrorg tepower of te age ofLous XIV By te md630's e bega e

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Echo and Nacssus A Panng by Ncoas Poussn

o two tps to Italy, e lved Madd Hs patgs clude lad

sapes, mytologcal ad elgous

pog a seee, classcal style sped by Rapael a d atqu ty

Pouss's geat passo was stoy, ad e told ob le, epc ad st g tales toug s a t. He mademetculous pepaatos befoestatg a patg He dd stocaleseac, taed mself a caeology ad te study of cos, adcaefully cecked te autetcty

o s eseac Befoe patg, eade models om wood ad wa,om wc e made s pelm a ysetces

Pouss's wok pedomatlyeatues claty, logc, ad ode, ad

ea aes

subjects, ad scees fomcommo le, called geepctues Most o tem,

oweve, ae potats ote obles o te coutDego was a maste eal

st, ad o pa teas supassed m te ab lty tosee essetal featuesad f tem o cavas

wt a ew boad, suestokes. Because o Velasque' geat sk l l megg colou, lgt, space,ytm o l e, ad mass suc a way tat all aveequal va lue, e was kow

as te pa te's pate'.

favou s l e ove colouTe fest collecto ofPouss's patgs, addto to s dawgs, s located teouve Pas

5


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Libra Veriaise Libra Veriais is

a collecion of abou 200

drawings by he French ais ClaudeLorraine I was compiled by him and madeup in boo form as a souvenir of painings he had dis-

posed of o guard agains forgeries and possibly conaining some oulines fo fuure painings as well

Claude valued i highly and specially menionedi in his will

W

aude Loae was a fueta ad successful atst te seveteet cetuy Hspatgs wee pctuesque ad full of teoug tetues of wdatu e wt omatc odcastles o classca u s.

Claude ceated lad

scapes tat wee epasvea d d amatc H s cef cotbuto to classcal ladscapepatg was te masteyteatmet of lgt. He ofegave te foegoud stogcotasts of lgt ad sadowwe te mdd e d stace adless cotast Te fa backgoud was edeed evelgte ad wt fewe cotasts to gve a sese of geatdstace

We te subects of spatgs ad dawgs weeoe fom te Bble o classcalmyto logy te mood ad at

1. mospee of te adscapewas te ea subject Hs fgueswee usual ly o ly a mo patof a scee to ep set te scalead pespectve Claude's stylesetthe standards for whatwas

worthy of appreciation.


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Wh g h

embrandt Van Rn was a Dutc

panter, d rasman, and etcer ofte 7 century, and a ga nt n testory of art Hs pantngs arecaractered by uurant bruswork, rc coour, and a mastery ofcaroscuro, or te nterpay between l gt and sade

Rembrandt became te eadngportrat panter n Hoand, a nd receved many commss ons for portrats as we as for pantngs of re

T nam Ln f D NlaTulp Panng b Rmband

gous subjects In addton to portrats, Rembrandt attaned fame fors landscapes, wle as an etcer,e ranks among te foremost of a l

tme Wen e ad no oter model,e panted or sketced s own mage It s estmated tat e pantedbetween 50 and 60 sefportrats

Hs landscape pantngs are

Rmband Spai

gly magnatve,rc portrayas of teland around mRembrandt was at smost nventve n tework popuaryknown as Te NgtWatc panted n Te canvas sbrant wt colour,movement, and gt

Rembrandt s generally consderedone of te greatestpanters and prntmakers n Europeanart story, and temost mportant n

Dutc story Hscontrbutons to artcame n a perod tatstorans cal l teDutc Goden Age


28/99

Wh s lv h Johnns Vms h cm

osc o hspnngs?oannes Ver-

meer was a Dutcpanter wo creat-ed some of temost equstepantngs n West-ern a rt Of te 35 or36 pantngs gen-eral ly attrbuted tom most portrayfgures n nterors

All s works areadmred for tesenstvty wtwc e renderedefects of l gt a ndcolour and for te

28

poetc qual ty of s magesDurng te late 650's Vermeer began to

eperment wt te camera obscura Tswas an optcal devce tat could project te

mage of sunl t objects placed before t wtetraordnary realsm t s beleved tatVermeer would frstsketc te projectedmage n black andwte He wouldten pant te fnsed verson over tslowly and panstak-ngly

Tere s stl l mucspeculation as to Oneo/Vermeer 'swhether Vermeer mostpopularpaintings

dd use a cameraobscura or not But even f e dd t doesnot callenge Vermeer's genus. Rater tsows ow lke many artsts e epermented wt new tecnology to develos style and coce of subject matter.

Wh s Jn Anon W cons h onn o h mpssonss?

eanAntone Watteau was a Frencpanter wose bref career spurred te re-vva l of nterest n colour and movement Henvented new type of pantng called te

'fete galante' Tese large scenes of wel lto-do men and women enjoyng temselvesoutdoors a l lowed m to sowcase s ta lent for conveyng te del gts and encant-ments of nature Some of s best known

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Chang h Mmb Panng by Wllam Hogah

Wh w Wlm Hogh een om ohe p ne o hge?

llam Hogarth was on of thladng Brtsh artsts of th frst hafof th 8 cntury H s pantngs artty and full of an arthy rasm

and ar a socal commntary on thmorals of th tm as wl l as bngorks of art n thr own rght

ogarth brushd asd th gratmythologca l rl g ous and h storcal thms prfrrng subjcts

su bjcts wr drawn from thord of Itaan comdy and balt

an Anton showd artstc ab lty at a young ag H wnt to Parsn 70 wth th hop of ntrng astudo whr h could rfn hs art

Around 708 hs smal and humanattl pantngs attractd attntonof prcptv dalrs and colcors. H was nvtd by th fnancrCrozatto v and work n hs h omflld wth Vntan and Flmsh

00 rea anes

drawn from quck and onmalcous obsrvatons ofthos around hm H n

surd that hs art rachdth gratst n umbr of popl possbl and to ducatthr tast h had hs worksrproducd as ngravngsThough Hogarth had thg oftl ng a story through

hs pantngs popls ntrst ay n th dtals andamusng ncdnts found nhs works rathrthan n thrbauty

Wllam Hogah pavdth way for an Engl sh school

of pantng whch had h thrto just not xstd Slftaught and wth no puplsh bcam on of th mostmportant Engsh pantrsof th ghtnth cntury

pantngs and drawngsand t was thr that hdvlopd th ft galant

Durng hs 5yar artstc carr Anton dalt

wth a wd varty ofsubjcts and tchnqusand s now rga rdd as aforrunnr of th m prssonsts n hs handlng ofcoour and study of natur

9


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Why was Fancsco D Goya cons aagc an analycal pan?

rancsco D Goya s rgardd as thmost important Spansh artist of that ghtnth, and arly nintnthcnturis Ovr th cours of hs longcarr, Goyas paintngs, drawngs,tchngs, and frscos movd from thjolly and lighthartd, to th dply

pssim stic and sarchingGoya ntrd th world of art whnh won th scond plac in a pantingcomptton hld n tay His first commisson n Span was in 774 for 43 cartoons for th tapstris for th Royalfactory at Santa Barbara H bcam

th oicial pantr of ing harls I I Iwhn h was 39 yars odI n 792 Goya bcam daf As a rsu lt, h s styl

of pantng aso changd Hs work bcamtragic and ana lyca H introducd a world ofwtchs, ghosts, and fantastic craturs that nvad th m nd, partcula ry du ring d rams, and

nghtmarsh visions symbolizing a wordagainst rason Hs brush stroks wr nowbold and swi, and th coours h usd wrgry, black, brown, and rd Som of thmost graphc mags to com out of thbrutal Pnins ul ar War wr drawn by Goya

In xprssing his thoughts and fingsfrankly, as h dd, F rancsco D Goya bcamth ponr of nw arstc tndncs, and sconsdrd by som o b Th Fathr of Modrn Art Hs works changd th way artstswou d ntrrt world


31/99

Wh s s h Jcqs vnlnc mol phlosoph nFnc?

acqusLous Davd a Frnchpantr was a supportr of thFrnch Rvouton and on of thadng fgurs of th sty known asNocasscsm H spnt sx yars nRom and t was d urng ths prodthat h abandond th grand man

nr of hs arly work and turnd to astark and hghy fnshd styl Hsworks now uphd th antqu vrtus of slfsacrfc dvoton toduty honsty and austrty andthy had a strong moral nflunc onth tms h lvd n

Davd latr bcam an actv sup-portr of th Frnch Rvouton and was ctvly adctator of th a rts undr thFrnch Rpubl c Latr hwasmprsond and on hs rlash bcam a supportr ofNapoon I t was at th s tmthat h dvlopd hs Empr sty' notabl for ts usof warm Vntan coloursDavd had a hug numbr ofpupls makng hm th

strongst nfunc n thFrnch art of th 1 9th cntury

Th Dah Maa Dads Gas Wk


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laks arly ambitions lay nototry, but with painting, and atth ag

1_" 1 4, aftr attnding drawing school,

W w WBlke nre towork on relgoee?

il l iam Bl ak was anEnglish artist, mystic,and pot As a ch ild, has pron to fantasticvisions, including sing God, and angls ina tr H would latrclaim that h had rgu-lar convrsations with

his dcasd brothr Robrt It was soonapparnt that Blaksvisions would b hisinspiration through-out hi s l if

3

h was apprnticd to ams Basi r, anngravr Aftr h i s svnyar trmomplt, Blak studid at th Roya

Acadmy In 1788 at th ag of thirtyon, Blak bgan to xprimnt withrlif tching, which was t mthodusd to produc most of his books ofpomsTh procss is al so rfrrd to as i l lu mi natd printing, and final productsas i l l uminatd books, or prints B lak

usd i l l uminatd printing for four of h isworks Each of his il luminatd books


33/99

as thus a unqu work ofart and a radcal brak wthtadton

Blaks pantngs focusdon rlgous subcts th

most famous bng th llustratons of th Book ofJob H usd rgd gomtrca pattrns and mphaszdln and colour as a mans ofprsson Hs lf ssmmd up by hs statmnt

at Th magnaton s nota sat t s th human xsnctslf'.

Wllam Blak

Wm Bs S th alm of maga

tve pag Wllamak sads que aloHs tag as a gavmust hav hlpd o coca hs ao opu le as a mas of xpsso Hs specal ptg pocss volvd tasfg evsd mags ofhs wods ad pctus oo a copp pla wth acdssta k Oc th pctu was tchd o to thplat t poducd a lfmag that could b usedto ma may copsak ad hs wf thead coloud each pt


34/99

W w Jon onlelee?

ohn ontab was on of

th grat Englsh andscappantrs of th 9 cntury Hdvlopd hs own styl ofpantng by frst sktchng npncl , n kwash, and occasonalwatrcolours, and a l so by makng many nots on ght and at

mosphr at th sam tmOny atr ths prparatonswr complt, woud h actua ly start pantng

Many of onstabs sktchscaptur unusual fcts of ghtng such as a doub ranbow,

or th wathr For xamp,Study of louds rcords thsks ovr London atr a storm

34

In fact, th many studs hpantd of th sky tsty hcontn ua ntrst n th dram

that sky cou ld gv rs to npantngonstabl dvlopd

unqu styl combnng dtad studs of natur wthdpy prsonal vson of thcountrysd round hs boyhood

hom Wh most l andscapstsof th day travl ld xtnsvlyn sarch of pctursqu scn

"

ry, onstabl nvr t England H s unqu abty to combn scntc knowdg andkn obsrvaton wth potry

and orgnalty mad hm dffrnt from tradtonal andscap pantrs

e Me Wy


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Caspar DadFrdrh

W i Dvi Fieic con-iee e oion ineo e Gen o-nic Moveen?

aspar Davd Frdrichwasa andscappaintr of th 9cntury Grman Ro

mantic movmnt, ofwhch h is now considrd th most importantpantrMorthan any of his contmporaris, h captd th sns of

mysticism and mlanchoy typcal ofotrn Romantsm. His main intrst as an artist was

1 00 ea aes

natur Frdrichs andscaps ar basdntirly on scns from Northrn Grmany,and a r bautfu l rndr ngs of trs, h i l s,

ha rbours, morn ng mi sts, and othr lightcts basd on hs cos obsaton. Manyof h s scns ar popd by smal l, anonymous fgurs that stand in awd contmplaton ofth imtlss xpans of natur.

Though Fridrich studd in opnhagn, h chos to l iv i n Drsdn, and hsbautiful surroundings inspi rd many ofhi s xqu ist l andscaps

For nn yars, h workd only n pncilor spia, and whn h switchd to oilpaints, h cratd a snsation wth hiswork ross i n th Mountain .

Som of Frdrchs bstknown pantings ar xprssons of a rig ious mysticism H was, wthout doubt, on of thgratst xponnts n Europan art of thsymbolic landscap.

Th Sags of L Paining bCaspar David ridrih

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36

Napolon 1A Panng by

ngs

Th Tomb of ngs

Why ws Jn Augus omn-qu ngs consdd supb

po pn?anAugustDominiqu ngrswas a F rnch noclassica l pai ntr,and on of th major potait pai ntrs of th 1 9h cntury Ingrs fltthat drawing was th vry hart ofpaint ing, and h drw and rdrw

whatvr h was to paint until hundrstood all its lmnts Though h valud hisory paintingabov al ls, h alsooftn producd portraits, som of th bstof which a r drawings

Ingrs ivd in Romfrom 1806 to 1820, and

ngs it was thr that h dvlopd his xtraordi

nary gifts for drawing and dsign

H hlpd support h imslf by making portrait d rawings of visitors toRom Ths drawings ar skilful,conc is mastrpics. Ingrss outstanding us of plac, light, andcharactr in ths sming ly casua lportrit drawings mak ths

works mastrpics in thi ownright lngrs gratst achivmnt,prhaps, wr his portraits of womn Though not all Ingrs modswr bautis, h found somthi ngspcia a bout ach on of thm

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Why i heoore Geriault aft ofMeua a truly innovative ainting?

hodor Grcau ts most famous work s

Raft ofth Mdusa a turbu nt pantng ofmn at sa who ar shpwrckd and dyngTh vnt dpctd s th armath of th1 9th cntury snkng of a shp calld thMdusa From an orgna group of 1 49 onboard thr wr on ly 1 5 survvors arnarly two wks at sa on ths ra A latrnqury uncovrd grusom stors ofmurdr and cannbal sm du rng th 1 daysadr wth no food a nd l ttl hop of rscuIn ordr to rproduc th horror Grcau ltstudd corpss and ntrvwd th survvors Th Raft of th Mdusa s normous

masurng ovr 4.9 mtrs by 6.9 mtrs Infact ts sz was on of ththngs that madt a snsaton whn t was unvd n 1 8 1 9 .It s a tru ly nn ovatv pantng bcaus tdat wth an actual happnng of th tmand also n ts constructon Grcault was

eat aes

Thodo Giaul

xtrmly darng norganzng hspantng around apyramd at th topof wh ch th fgurof th Ngro s snwavng a rag. A rs-cu shp s fantly

vsbl on th horzon and th wholpantng rflctsth hop amongth survvors of bng savd

3


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Why are the work of Eu-gene Delacroix rearkable?

ugn Dlacrox was thmost mportant of th FrnchRomantc pantrs Hs nspraton cam ch fly from h storcalor contmporary vnts or ltratur, and a vst to Moroccon 1 8 3 2 provdd hm wth furthrxotc subjcts H s rmark

uDarx

abl us of colour was to latr

nflunc vn modrn artstsTh coours and volnt contrasts of North Afrca nfamdhs work H bcam on of thgratst wldlf pantrs, andmad hs pantd anma ls smav H ovd natural bauty

n th movmnts of anmals,and spnt tm at th zoosktchng tgrs, ons, horss,and any othr anmals thatcaught hs mag naton. Hs xprncs n Morocco and AI

38

grs provdd hm wth xotcsubjcts such as th Algran

womn who nchantd hm.H sktchd thm at thr da lyactvts, notng th mnutstdta l s o colou r and dsgn H sxprssv works a lso dpctdhstorc, rlgous and ltrarythms

Dlacrox was vry proud ofth spd at whch h workdt s sad that h workd so astthat h coud sktch a man fa I l ng out of a wndow n t h tmt took for th man to ht th

ground Now sn't that truly rmarkabl?Why t a that Jean

Frano Mllet enowe rural lfe wth nty?

rnch pantr JanFrancosMl lt was on of th foundng

mmbrs ofth Barbzon Landscap School n F ranc. H wasth son of a smal pasant of

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Grvil e n Normandy. His earlywork comprised of conven-

tiona portraits and fashonableeighteenth century pastoralscenes However, he ganedfame for his depicton of the l ifeof the peasants of that tme.

Millet painted labourers go-ing about their daly busness

e made the countryside lookdignified, and hs peasants ookheroic. In he Angeus, his bestknown work, Millet shows ahard working couple at work inthe fields with their headsbowed before the magnificenceof nature Among the Frenchartists of the 1 9th century, hestands out as a man who foundinspiration in the everyday l feof ordina ry people

Why is it said that Gustav

Courbet believed in aisticfreedom?ustav Courbet was an a rtist

who ed the Rea ist movementin1 9th century F rench paint inge believed that every artistshoud be his own teacher. By

850, he was shocking theubc with the stye known asRealism, and with the scale ofhis paintings In December ofthat yea, he exhibited threehuge canvases of peasant lfe.

1 00 Great Pai nters

Gustav Courbet

They were vast, and normallysuch enormous sze was re-served for history paintngs ofmore important subjects.

One ofCourbes most important works is Burial at Ornans, acanvas recording an event whchhe witnessed in September1 848.This painting of the funeralof his grand unce became thefirst masterpiece in the Realiststyle. People who had attendedthefuneral were used as modes

for the paint ng.Courbet worked with socialissues, and focused on thepeasantry and the grave wok-ing conditions of the poor Hebel ieved that the Rea li st artist'smsson was the pursuit of tuth,

and that by doing so, an a rtistcou ld improve soca condtionsand inequaity. ('s particularn d 1 -enced a

-

0

followe_

W

39


40/99

Why are Gutav Moreau ainting dierent? French artist Gustav Moreau is knownfor his strange

and mystca works, oftn portraying scns from

mythology or rel igon. Moreau painted for anumberof yars without xhi biting hi s work, but du ring thstm, h dvlopd his uniqu styl Hspnt ma ny hours studyng Prsian, Indian,and Japans pr nts and from thm tookmotfs, which h usd to crat hs own vsion of myths and rl gions H bcam on

ofth ladng artsts ofth Symbolist stylMorau mphaszd th morbid sd of

lifand dath Hi s l andscaps oftn showdstp and rocky cl iffs with twistd trs Hhad a f ing for th bizarr and dvopd

Why Frederic Edwn Church aocatedwth nature?

rdric hurch was an Amrican pantrwho bongd to th Hudson Rivr School oflandscap paintrs H followd a pattrn oftravl, hking, and sktching from springthrough autumn, and spnt wintr n NwYork, painting hurch was insprd by thfascinating varity and complxty of natu rand blivd that th clos study of naturwas ssntal to grasp uniqu undrlyngtruth of th Un ivrs

n 853 and 857 h visitd South Amrica,

and mad many sktchs of tropical and Andan scnry, whch h aftrward dvlopdinto larg picturs Svral yars latr, an xpdition to th coast of Labrador gav himmatrial for his grat pctur ntitld Icbrgs, wh ich attractd much attntion on its

4

xhibition in Lon

don in 863 I n866 h visitdth Wst Indis,and two yars latrEurop and thHoly Land, which

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a syle a is igly dis ncive in subjec andecnique He was a

widrawn peson woved alone Wen eded, on e 1 8 of Apri1 898, e l ef o e saeis ouse, conainingabou 8 picu res, waer-colou s, caoons a nd

drawings, wic forme Moreau gaery. I isconsidered one of ebes organized colecions in Paris

resu led i n i mporan worksdepicing nau e.

Curc made full use ofis sense of e dramaicwen depicing grandiosesceney. His mos famouspaining is Te Andes ofEcuador'

rdric Church

Why wa Dante Gabre Roettknown a a romantc anter?

ane Gabriel Rossei was a co

founder of e Pre-Rapaelies, agroup of En gl is painers and poeswo oped o br ing o ei r a r ericness and pu riy of emedievalperiod. He was bo a poe and apainer Romaniclove was is m ai n

eme His firspainings werebasedoneligiousemes wi eemens of mysica lsymbolism Teywere Te Girl

ood of Ma ry Vir Dan Gabrigin and Ecce An- Rossicil a Domi ni'

Rosei pained only one ype ofwom an wo became known as eRosei gil. In mos of Rossei'searly picures is ideal ladies wereporrais of is wife, e beauifulElizabe Eleanor Siddal. He adme er in 185, and ey marriedin 186 wen se was aready inpoor eal. Afer is wfe died1862, Rosse buried wi er e

ony complee manuscrip of ispoems Te m an uscri p was recovered seven years laer and pu blisedin 1 87. inc luded mos of is besverse and esabised is repuaion as a poe.

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e oettGrlRoetti away dewwome withad face, ogeck, fowighai ad dakpotudigeye he haicoourdiffeed fompaitig topaitig utthe face remaed eetaytheame, adoo a womawith th typeof face e

came kowa The Roett Gr

Why wa Caille Piaro coidereda ajomeberofthe Fech mpreioit moveet?

ren painer Camille Pissao wasone of e maor me mbers ofe syle ofpaining al led Fren Impressionism.is was a major movemen fis inpaining and la er in mu si a developed iefly in Frane during e lae

9 and early 0 enuries. e FrenImpressioniss wee a group of arisswo sa red a se of si mi la r a pproaesand en q ues. Tey ied o reord au raely and obeively wa ey sawin erms of li g and olour

Pissaro pained a

wide variey of subes inluding iysapes sill ife porais landsapessenes of peasans.

Pssarro progressedfrom dark la ndsa peso briger Impressionism. He oenose igview poinspaining a iy landsape for exam pefom a o window

Aloug Pissarr

neve sod is panngs for mu duingis l ifeime oday eyfe mll ions of dolla rs n ar a uons.


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Why wa Manetonidered an ex-permental artt?

dourd Mne w Fren piner wow ofen idenifiedwi e Impreioni', nd w influ-ened by em How Edouad Maneer, beue e P ri

Mne' pining offe ene re oberion of oil life in1 9 enury Pri.Mne pined enefrom 19 enury ioy, inuding onework feur ig e exeuion of mperorMximi l l i n of Mexio

r world genery did no four i yle, e oe no oexibi em He w reoluonry in e broke newground in ooing ubefrom e een nd peope ofi own ime Howeer, e

red offi i l reognion, ndpreferred o ow i work ine more onerie exibiion ponored by e Frengoernmen.

Mne yle in i period wrerized by looe bru

roke nd implifiion ofdei. He ued expreie ouline, eere liging onr,bold oour nd ri exure oporry e word round im.

in 1867Mne erly work eLuneon on e Gr/ ndOlympi/ reed gre onroery, nd ered rlyingpoin for e young pinerwo woud ree e yle

known Impreionim. ody, ey re onidered o bee gene i of modern r


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IprssionisIpreiois i a te o pait

i that ea i Pari Frae i theid800. like artit eore

the the ipreioit paitedost o their paiti outdoorad iked to portra atural ujetlike tree ield ad oea. henipreionists paited piture opeople the ade the ook likepeople ou would see everda.

The ote put ore ephai onthe e than o the pero orai sujet o the paiti .

Wh is Whistlr

onsidrd a ratpaintr?Jams Abbo Mc

Nil l Wisl was a nAmrican painr andcr, wo a bsobd

apans ar syls,mad c nical i nnovaions, and campiond modrn ar.

aama

stlr

carograpr. H

paind porrais n syl o Ralsm,and ar urnd ouabsracd landscaps A srong advoca o ar or a rs

sak, blivd in imporanc o painng, rar anin is subc mar.

Toug Amrican, Wislrlivd and workd manly inBriai n and F ra n c.

Wislr ad no asily din dsyl, and ad s pn mos o i sl i ravli ng a broad i s workwas muliacd His arlrpics wr c ings, an ks oskil ls pickd up workin g as a

Wiss works av an xq u isi c arm. H is bs knownor is narly blackandwi

ul llng porrai o is moknown as Wislrs Mor.To sum u Wislr xrd a nxraordinary inlunc boon public as and on uurrn ds in Bis a.

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Why wa Egar Dega ieren?dgar Degas was a F rench artist famous for

his work in painting, scuptu re, printmak ingand drawing. H is career was a long one, andhis stye, un l ike that of most famous a rtistswho worked into thei r old age, never ceaseddeveoping, a lways seeking out new meansof expression and technique. His personalwealth gave him the freedom to devotei mself to a rt, and his subjects were usua ly

from h is own background Degas a lso painted portraits of his family and friends and anumber of historical subjects, in which heombined cassical and romantic styles. nthe ear ly 1 870's, the female bal let dancer

h Dan Cla Panng b Edgar Dga

ea aes

became his favourite theme. Hesketched from alive model in hisstudio and com-bined poses intogroupings that de

picted rehearsaland performancescenes.

Degas is regarded as one of the

founders of Impressionism, althoughhe rejected theterm, and preferred to be calleda real ist.

Degass style,

subect matter, andartistic sensibilityset h im apart fromthe other Impressionists of thetime

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Why wa Wnlow Hom-er work eal?

isow Homer is cosid

ered oe of the foremostpainters i 19 ceturyAmerica, ad oe of bestkow a rtists to come out ofthe Civil War He was a ladscape paiter ad pritmak

er, best kow for his paitigs of the sea Largely selftaught, Homer bega his career working as a commerciai l lustrator He subsequetlytook up oil paitig, ad produced major stud io works

Homers mother was a gied amateur watercoouristShe ad her so had a closerelatioshipthroughouttheirlives with Homers firstteacher. H is eary works weremostly commercia egravigs of urba ad coutrysocial scees They have clean

Paining b Winsw H

outlies, simplified forms,ad dramatic cotrast ofight ad dark, as wel as

ively figure groupigsHomer also il lustrated

wome d urig wartime, adshowed the effects of thewar o the home frot. Heproduced a series of warre

lated paitigs based o h issketches, amog them Sharpshooter o Picket Duty, Home,Sweet Home, a d Prisoersfrom the rot. Afer the war,Homer tured his attetioprimari ly to scees of chi ld

hood and youg wome Hi slaterworks ic ude seascapesabset of huma igures,mostly of waves crashigagaist rocks i varyig ightEve today, 1 50 years aerhis bi rth, one sees the infuece of Homers watercolours i America art


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Why Paul Ceanne conere tobe one of the foreunner of oern

art?u l Ceznne ws

ench s whosewok s sd o fom hedge eween e1 9h cenuy Impes

sonsm, nd he ey2th cenuys new sc syle, Cu sm. H swok demonses msey of desgn, colou, composon nddfsmnshp

Ceznne ws on nhe souhen Fenchown of AxenPoence, on nuy 1 9h,839, he son of welhy n ke

Ceznnes oyhoodcompnon ws EmleZol, who e g nedfme s noelsny of Ceznnesely woks weened n dk ones

Le Ceznne sh fedom dk ones ogh hues nd egno concene onsenes of fmndnd ul l lges

eat ates

Th Cad Plays Czann s Panng

Pau Cann

Ceznne, whoexhed lle nhs lfeme, s egded ody sone of he gefoeunnes ofmoden pnng,oh fo he wyh he mngedo pu down oncns exclywh hs eye sw

n nue, nd fowh he ch eedhough unque

emen ofspce, mss ndcolou.

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Why is Claude Monet considered one ofthe founding fathers of Impressionism?

laude Mnet was one of the found ingfathers of French Imp ressionism. H is l ife

as a painter did not begin unti l he wasbefriended by Eugene Boudin who introduced Monet to the practice then uncommon of painting in the open a ir. Hethen turned away from the traditionastyle of painting inside a studio. Aong

with h is friends he went outside to theFontainebleau forest to paint. But thepubic and art critics ridicu led these newpaintings that looked so diferent from anyconventiona l art style and ca led them I mpressionist Though the name was given inrid icu e it stuck and the style came to be

known as Impression ist style.In 1 890, Monet began to paint systemati-

cally the same subjects under d iferent l ightconditions. The first subjects were the haystacks behind his house. As the lightchanged during the day faster than hecou ld paint he worked simu ltaneously onsevera l canvases. n the end he had paintedtwentyfive different versions of the haystacks!

Many more paintings fol l owed theRouen Cathedral views of Venice or theThames in London with the Houses of Par-

liament and other landmarks 'in London oen in the fog. At his home in GivernyMonet created the waterlily pond thatserved as inspiration for his ast series ofpaintings.

Claude Monet


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h is Pirr Roir iffrt fro othr prs-sioist paitrs?

ierre Renoir wa a Frenchpaner org ina l ly aociaedwih he mpreioni move-men However, hediffered from heoher I mpreioni

painer n ha hewa more inere-ed in paining ndi-vidual or familygroup han inpaining land-

porrai and figure paning, paricu lar ly of women

Renor began work a a

paner n a porcela in facoryn Pari aer, he began oudy paining formally n

cape Hi eary

work were ypi- Prr Ror

he early 1870',Renoir and hifriend joined wih

oherarioforma looekni ariccircle now knowna he Impreion movemen Helaer g rew diai-fied wh he forma l

rercion of purecally Impreioninapho of real lfe, full ofparkling colou r and l gh Byhe md1 880', however, hehad broken wih he movemen o apply a more dicipl ined, formal echniue o

Brth Morisot

impreionimRenoir i perhap he be-

loved of al he mpreioni, for hi ubjecpreychildren, flower, beauifulcene have inan appeal ,and he communcaed hejoy he ook in hem wih

g rea d i recne

rth orisot was a Frh paitr adprtakr who was assoatd wth prssos.

Sh xpritd with sasaps ut hr prsoa stdlopd ost arkdl dur th 880s skth paoours ad sujts fro r ow xpri ilud

wo hi ldr ad dosti . S was o of thrst wo to hall stalishd a rs .

a Yaa

00 ea a


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Hri Roussa s Tigr i h Tropi Sorm

H P Gg vl ?

aul Gaugu s cosdeedoe of the leadg pates ofthe post mpessost peodGaugu bega hs caee as a

stockboke Pas 1872 eatteded the Impessostsfst exhbt o 1 874, ad wascaptvated by the mpessoststyle I 883, the bak thatemployed Gaugu expeecedfaca l dfcu ltes, ad hefoudhmself fee to pat fulltmeuch of hs wok dug thspeod was flueced by theImpessosts especaly Pssao Late, he bega to adopths ow depedet style

5

W H -

f ?er Rousseau

created some ofthe most popu la ad memoabepatgs of the

mode ea eever eceveday forma tag, ad h s woktheefoe, has a

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iocece ad cham that madehi paitig very famou Ridiculed duig h i ife, he came tobe ecogized a a elftaughtgeiu whoe work areof hi gh artitic qua l ity

Roueau i celebratedfo hi viioary uglepaitig which captivate the viewer with the

luhe of their platad aima l ife Thecee are paited withicredible detail adpreciio What i amaz

ig i that the artit eve awthe tropical cee he broughto much to l ife, a he eve eftFace! H i exotic uge pait

ig ae the fataie of acity dwelle, cotructedfrom viit to the zoo adbotaica garde, frompotcard, book, ad fromRoueau' ow vivid im

agiatio Roueauclai med he had 'o teacherother tha ature', ad hi work have iflueced laterpaiter, icudig Picao

Gaugui' breakwith the Impreioit came whe hepaited Viio aterthe Sermo', wherehe tried to depict the

ier feelig of hiubect Thi paitigao marked the tartofa ew paitig tye

Paul Gaugu thatcameto be kowa Symboim'

Great Pain ers

Gaugu pet the at year of hi l ife i

Tah ti, a i l ad i the Pacific Ocea I Tahiti, h i pai tig tyle evolved to reflectthe Pacific lad primitive form adbil l iat colou Hi tkig mage ofPolyeia wome ak amog te motbeautifu paitig of te moder age

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aja avi arma

A Family of Beggars A Lady Playing Swarbat Arjuna and Subhadra Damayanti Talking to a

Swan Draupadi Dreading to

Meet Kichaka Girl in Sage Kanwa's

Hermitage Jatayu Lady Giving Alms at the

Temple Lady ost i n Thought Lady with Fruit Lord Krishna as

Ambassador Lord Rama Conquers

Varuna NairWoman Romancing Coupe Shakuntala Shantanu and

Matsyagandhi Swarbat Player The Heabroken The Orchestra Victory o Indrait

52

hy is Raja RaviVara consdrda vital l ink btwn Indian and Europan art

aja Ravi Varma is kow for hsamai paiis whih evolvemaily aroud he rea epis of Mahabharaa ad Ramayaa He s oe ofhe few pai ers who have maaed oaompish a beauiful uiso of heIdia radiios wih he ehiques

of Europea a rA he ae of seve he sared d raw

Som Paintings by aja avi arma

i o he palae wal ls usi haroal

His ule oied Ravi Varma's alead ave hm prelimiary lessos ipaii A he ae of fouree heMaharaja ook h im o he TravaorePalae ad he was auh waer oou paii by he paae paier RamaSwamy Na idu He was laer ive les

sos oil pai i by a Brish pa ierTheodor Jeso His exposure hewes ame whe he wo he firs priei he Viea Ar Exh biio 1 873

Raja Ravi Varma s mos rememberedfor hs paiis of beauifu sar ad

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GorgsSurat

A Painting by Gorgs Surat

Wh l Gerge Serat

ala e reeere?eorges Seurat was aFrench panter and draftsman H s large work SundayAfternoon on the Is land of LaGrande atte/ s hs most famous pantng. It altered the

drecton of modern art ands one of the cons of 1century pantng

Georges Seurat s the u ltmate exam ple of the a rtst asscentst He spent hs lfe

studyng colour theoresand the effects of derent

women who were portrayed asvery shapely and gracefu l . He sconsdered as a modern amongtadtonal sts and a ratonalst

among moderns. Rav Varmatraveled throughout Inda nsearch of subects He oftenmodeled Hndu goddesses onSouth Indan women whom heconsdered beautfu Raja Rav

1 00 Ga a ns

lnear structures. Hs 500

drawngs alone establshSeurat as a great master. Hewl l a lways be rememberedfor hs technque of portrayng lght usng tny brushstrokes of contrastng colours Ths technque became

known as pontll sm. Usng thstechnque he created hugecompostons wth tny detached strokes of pure colourtoo sma ll to be dstngushedwhen loong at the entre

work but makng hs pantngs shmmer wth br l l a nce

Varma was undoubted ly one ofthe greatest panters n the h story of Indan a rts. He broughtI nd an pantng to the attenton

of the la rger world and provded a vtal l nk between tradtonal Indan art and contemporary art He was known as Aprnce among panters and Apanter among prnces'

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A S portrait of

an Gogh

V Gogh dPl Gg wrgood frds

V Gogh sffrdfrom tmpor

lob plpsy At th g ofth rty-sv,V Gogh shothmslf whtfd Avrs, r,bt dd ot d tltwo dys tr

vrl works byV Gogh rkmog th mostxpsv ptgs th worldI 187 V Goghs

p tg I rss ws

sold for rord$3 ml l o I 1hs Portrt of otorGht ws sod for$8. ml l o, thsstb shg wpr rord

54

Why is Vincnt van Goh on ofthworld's ratst paintrs?

t v Gogh s gly osdd th grtst Dth p t ftRmbrdt Hs work ws podddg prod of oly t yrs Ith tgly ovys thogh ts strkgolo r, brshwork, d forms, th

Th Potato Eatrs by an Gogh

g sh of mt l lss tht vt l yrs ltd sd

Amog V Goghs mstps rmos slfpotrts, d th wll

kow h trry Ng ht Althogh h

Vncnt's Brothr hoVnnt's rothr,To was an

a dalr in Pars. rularly sntony ro hs wn no toVincnt to allow to paint.Towas dvotd to Vinnt, and ristnd is son Vnnt .Vn-nt rlid avily on To to sup-po i trouout s as anast.To was dvastatd y Vin

Tl M Why


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oe suferedfrom extremepoverty ad u

derourishmet,his output i thete productiveyears of his lifewas amaigabout 800 paitigs ad a simi la r umber of d raw-

igs keepig with his humaitariaoutlook, he paited peasats adworkers, the most famous picturefrom this period beig The PotatoEaters

He sold oly oe paitig durighis lifetime Red Vieyard at Ares,ad was ittle kow to the art worldat the time of his death However, h isfame spread rapidly thereaer Hisstormy ad dramatic l ife, ad his u-swervig devotio to h is ideas havemade h im oe o the great cul tural

heroes of a l times

ent death and urvived hi on ix onth din on hJanuar 89 .The were uriedide ide in the eeter at Auver.Vinent wrote reularl to hirother Theo and it i ainlthrouh the exitene o thi orrepondene that we know ouh aout hi toda.

Ka

'00 eat anters

Van GohMasterpece

The Starr Nihtwa the aterpieepainted Van Gohwhile he wa in aental alu. VanGoh painted urioul andThe StarrNiht virate withroket o urnin

ellow while planetturn ike artwhee.The hi uake andheave et the o iod irework thatwirl aaint the luek are oehow

retu. Thi paintini proa the otpopular o Vinentwrk.

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Why was Jas Ensor dffrnt fro hs prs?

ames nso, a Bel an pante,pntmake, and daftsman, lvedn stend, Belum, a l l hs l fe. Hebea n hs a tst aee as a potat pante, but late ebellouslynopoatedontovesal James Ensorthemes, olous, and

shapes nto h s wok.In 1 884, he he lped to

found the at oupal led Les Vnts, but hspefeene fo soltudeled hm away fom theoup nsos fous onmobd subjets suh assku ls and opses n hsealy wok nted tsm fom the publEnsos most famousptu e s The Enty of

Chst nto Bussels. It s a vey ontovesal andlae pantn, n bht, even ash olous,panted n a del beately ude style ost peopleae shown wean masks that annot be d stnushed fom the tue faes Enso dentfedwth the matyed Chst, and he used hs ownfeatues fo the fae of Ch st.

Althouh hs pantns beame moe tadtona I late n hs l fe, nso s noted fo those ea-le pa ntns beause of the snfane n thetanston fom the style known symbol sm to su-eal st style of pantn


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h is it said that Gustav Klit was inspird b dirnt stls?

ustav Klimt was an Austian symbolistaint, and on of th most ominntmmbs of th Vinna At Nouvau movmnt His majo woks includ intings,mual s, sktchs, and oth at objcts, andhis imay subjct was th fmal body.

Klimt bcam on of th founding mm

Gustav Klimt bs and sidnt of th Vinna At Novauovmnt Th gou's goa ls w to ovid xhibitions fo unconvntional youngatists, to bing th bst foign atists' woksto Vinna, and to ubl ish its own magainto showcas mmbs' wok Th gou didnot st out to ncouag any aticula styl Natual ists, Ral ists, and Symbolists al l coxistd

Klimt's Goldn Phas' was makd byositiv citical actionand succss. any of hisaintingsfom th is iod

utilid gold laf. Hisainting mthod was vydlibat and ainstaking, and at tims h qu i d lngthy sittings byhs subjcts. At histoiansnot a wid ang of influ

ncs contibuting toKlimt's distinct styl, includngEgytian,inoan, classical Gk, and By

Hpe' Gusta Kmt's Panng antin ins iations.


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Wha w h oniu-on of Pau Signa?

aul Sigac as a Frechpate, oe of the origia-tors of the tech ique koas poiti l l sm, or divisio ism.Uder the ifluece ofGeoges Seurat, he aba-doed the shot bushstrokesof mpessioism to experi-met ith smal l dots of purecolou, i teded to combiead bed, ot o the cavas,but i the vieers eye hisas the mai feature of hat

is ko as poit l l ism.ay of Sigacs paitigsare of the Frech coast ele the capital each summer,to stay the South of Frace the vil lage of Col l ioure orat St rope, here he

bought a house ad ivitedhis frieds Sigac oved sail -ig, ad he bega to travel i

1 892 sail g a smal l boat toa lmost a l l the ports of Frace,

to olad, ad aoud theediteraea as fa as Co-statiople Fom his vaousports of cal l, Sgac boughtback vibat, coouul atecolous, sketched rapidly fromatu e. From these sketches,

he paited la rge studio ca-vases that ae carefullyorked out i smal l, mosaic-lke squares of colou, quitedieret from the tiy, varie-gated dots peviously usedby Seu rat

Sigac himself expei-meted ith various mediae made etchgs, litho-graphs, ad may pead-ik sketches composed ofsmall , laborious dots.

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Why EvaMunch ecoe oneof he o noe fg

ue n oen a?he Norwegian a rtist

dvard unch is regarded as a pioneer inthe expressionist move

Edvard Munch

ment in modern painting. He grew up in Norways capita l, Oso andbegan to paint to express his grief afer thedeath of his motherand older sister His ifewas fu l l of tragedy Hi s

father and brother hadalso ded when he wasyoung, and anothersister was al so in a psyhiatric hospital uncht rned aga in and againt the memory of i l

re ters

ness, death, and g rief in his art. unchattended courses i n the painting at theRoyal School of Drawing, and was in

structed for a time by Norways leadingartist, Christian Krohg

One of unchs most famous paintngs is he Scream It is often escribedas the first expressionistic pictre, andisthe most extreme example of unchs

so l paintings His work often inc ludedthe symbol ic portrayal of such themesas misery, sickness, and death

Between 1 82 and 1 8, unch spentmch of his time in Paris and Berlin,where he became known for hi s pri ntsetchings, lithographs, and woodcuts.

Afer 1 1 , unch returned to Norway,where he lived and painted ntil hisdeath In his later paintings. unchshowed more interest in nature

Th

Scram 'A Paintingby Edvard

Munch

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60

hy was enriToulouse consideredto be a an of stronwill?

eni ou ouse ws led ing is whoseinings, ihoghs,nd oses conib-

ued much o he de-velomen of ANouveu i n he 1 80sHe ws so hshnd wiy chonicle ofhe gudy nighlife ndhe sodid elemens of

le 1 cenuy Pisin sociey.

oulouse hd ofgh gins mnydisdvnges He hdwo ccidens h

ciled h im, nd lso seech oblem Buhe ws deemined osucceed s n isHe hu ned he dncehlls nd nighclubsofMonme in Pis,

king his subjecsfom his obsevionsof wh occued onsge nd mong heons He chose cidnd g sh coous nd

.

doed dwing sye h i s lmos goesue in is exgge-ions

oulouses cee snned lesshn weney yes Duing his e-iod, he ceed 3 cnvses, 275wecolous, 363 ins nd os-es, 5,084 dwings, some cemic

nd sined g lss wok, nd n un-known num be of los woks ou-louse i s known long wih Ceznne,Vn Gogh, nd Guguin s one ofhe gees ines of he Pos-Imessonis eiod He excelled cu ing eole in hei woking

envionmen, wih he colou ndhe movemen of he gudy nig h-life esen, bu he glmousied wy. nd heein ly hisgeness

Aone - A Painting y enr Tooe


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WassilyKadis

A Paitig by Wassily Kadis

Why was Wassly Kandnsky's styl snfcant?

assi ly Kandinsky was one ofthe most o ig ina and influentialatists of the 20entuy His

style of painting is signifantbeause it played an impotantole in the deelopment of abstat at He used shapes andsquigg les to symbolie hi s ideasand his state of the mind. hisRuss ian bon a tist was a lso an

aompl ished m usiian, and hebeieed that olou and mus i-al hamony ae l inked He eenlai med that when he saw olou he head musi

Now onsideed to be theounde of abstat a t, Kand in

t ts

skys wok was exhibitedth oug hout Euope fom 1 03onwads, and oen ausedontoesy among the pub l i,the at tis, and his ontem

poaiesKandinsky ontinued to fu-the expess and define h is fomof a t, both on anas and in histheoetial witings His eputation beame fimy estab li shedin the nited States though

numeous exhibitionsKandisky ontinued paint-

ing a lmost ti l l his death Hi s un-elenting quest fo new atfoms hae poided us with anunpaalleled olletion of ab-stat at

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ow did te political condition in icountr aect Kaiir aevic?

asm Malvch was a Russan pant pantd smpl gomtc foms s gomtc squa , coss and ctangl w mant toshow th supmacy of foms hs fomsw assocatd wth das of sptua l putyhs s Su pmatsm, and Malvch, th son of

a factoy foman, catd th s nw stylof pantng Black squa and Wht onWht a hs most famous woks

h young Sovt Unon was a ftlgound fo atsts Malvch was a bllant spak, and a man of g at chamSu pmatsm bcam th styl fo v

yth ng F lm posts, camcs, and vntxtls w dsgnd n th s styl owv, n th lat 1 920s unfavouabl poltcal wnds ockd Supmatsm andMalvch h Stat odd that atshould glo fy poltcal and socal dalsMalvch was magna ld, and vn astdonc In 1 932, Stal n bannd ndpndnt a tmovmnts and Supmatsm was slncd

Kasimiralvich

W P ee eee ee ?

Th Ros Gardn 'by Paul Kl

aul Kls pants w muscans who

passd on th lov fo musc to h m Klwas a talntd volnst whos musc nfluncd hs a t Kls al st woks w pncllandscaps ak ng a l n fo a wal k, was howh dscbd hs dawngs Dam l k magsmad hs pantngs un qu s at combndstang and fa y tal l k qua l ts gav

6 Tl v


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Pau ee

hem poet ttlessuh as 'Two enee, Eah Belevng the Other to Be

of Hgher Ran' He eat a tes

What were Franz Mars interpretatons o dierent olours?

ran ar followed n hs faher'sfootsteps, and eame a panter He wasmpressed y the pantngs of Gaugunand Van Gogh

In 1 9 1 0, he wrote a famous letter tohs panerfrend Augus ae In t,

he gave emotona l values to olou rsHe desred lue as the male prn-ple, yell ow as the gentle femae prn-ple, and red as the heavy matterwhh was to e opposed, and over-ome y the other two

In 1 9 1 1 , he egan a seres of pant-

ngs of anmals Hs reputaton restson hese pantngs By 1914, ar'swor had eome astrat, that s hedd not present real ty as suh n hspantngs Du rng the war , he ept anoeoo wth drawngs for h s pan-ngs H never reaed those pant-ngs In arh 1 91 6, Franz ar wasstru dead y a she ll spl nter

also nluded leters and numers n hswors

A trp o Tuns a tu rned hm to the use ofolour Red and Whte Domes' was panteddu rng ths perod

In 1925, he pushed an essay on arttheory al led 'Pedagoga l Sethoo' In1 9 1 , he egan eahng at the DusseldorfAademy, ut was soon dsmssed y the

Nas 'Stl l Lfe' was hs last pantng 65


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Fnd Lgr

66

Why i Fernan eger regarea a giant of French ainting?

ernand Leger fa led te entranceexam to a prestgous renc artscool but went on to become a gant of renc pantng. In 909 ewas ranked as one ofte tree majorcubsts Cubsts used geometrcal

forms n te r pantngs. Leger gavemportance to cyl ndrca l forms and s form of cubsm s cal led tub sm.e was a member of te breakawayPuteaux g roup of cubsts e saw acton d urng te rst World War. Tscanged s deas about art forever.e dscovered te beauty of common objects wc e descrbed aseveryday poetc mages e beganpantng n a clean accurate styleLeger panted objects smply n boldcolours

In 924 e made a f lm Bal letecanque. In t e compared macnes and lfeless objects wt umans and ter body parts I n 945e joned te communst party ands pantng style canged agan. ecreated large pantngs celebratng

te people n clear flat colours. Acrobats cycsts and bu lders al l came to fe n s pantngs. e aso producedstaned g lass wndows book l lustratons and mosacs In 950 efounded a ceramcs studo at Bot. I t

became a natonal museum n 967. M Wh


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PcaoFrt Wor

t a f Pcaowa orn an a-t. H rt worwa z theSanh wor

for encl

Wh Palo Pcao one ofthe great anter of the

worl?eoneand ony abo asso,eated moe than 20000 woksn s fetme"Ea te I adsometng to say, I sad t n teway, I fet was gt". Te Mdastouh of th s gen us fe on eam

s, suptue, and pnt makng'ado' was asso's fst pantng abu fgt sene whh he panted at theage ofeght t stons have dvdedasso's at nto peods Sad subetmatte and oo b ue sades mak

asso's 'ue eod', datng fom 1 90 90. Most of s subets dung tstme ae shown as b nd , su as eOd Gutast.' ndness was sown asan oute s gn of nne vson.

The 'Rose eod, ' foowed assopefeed pnk shades dung ts pe-

od Danes and aobats wee amongs subjets H s pantng, 'Demoseesd'vgnon,' shoked te pub epantng epesented te femae fomby usng geometa shapes Ts wasate temed Cubsm Head ofa Woman'

and The Tee Musans,' ae hs mostfamous ubst pantngs In 9 2 e e-ated te at fom now known as o agewhen he pasted an oot to te pant-ng St f n a Ca' He deveopedthe ubst teque fom 9 925 te asa pod n asso's rt.

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GurnicaPablo Picasso's world amous monu

mntal mura Gurnica is a dpiction

o war tradis. It bcam a powulima o th dstructiv orcs thatthratn human li.

Picasso paintd it whn h hard oth bombin o th Spanish town oGurnica on April 2 1937 hoswr th days o Civil War in Spain

ouht btwn riht win Nationalists and l win Rpubicans. Onthat day Grman ihtr plans dstroyd Gurnica whr Rpubican

Gu

troops wr athrd. h Grmansdid this to suppo Gnral Franco andhis soldirs who wr conductin acoup aainst th Rpublican ovrn-mnt o Spain. Gurnica bcam a

powul symbol o th brutal SpanishCivil War. Gurnica is not a colouulcration Picasso banishd all coloursrom this paintin xcpt shads ory black and whit. Gurnicastands as a timlss ima o violncwad aainst human civilization.68

What wr thcontributions oUmbrto Boccioni?

mberto Bocconwas te leader of tefuturst movement,wc embaced tepesent and reectedte past Industral-saton, tecnoogy,and movement werete watcwods offutursm Bocconwas bon n RomeWen e was sxteen,e began studyng

art wt GacamoBala Ba la ntro-duced m to neo-mpressonsm nydots of vaous purecoous wc be-came bended n te

vewer's eye weeused n neo mpressonsm

Flppo Tomassoanett turnedBoccon nto a futur

st Boccon bel evedtat a sense of movement was mpoantn art He was tecef contrbutor tote teoy of moblesculptures Te Cty

Te Me Wy


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Th Ci Ri A ntng by Bn

Rses was hs firs major fuursicwo sowed he owh of e

moder idusria l ciy ad e peopel vi i 9 he was iroducedo cubsm Sae of id ad ocesof a See a e wo of hs impoaceaios Bocco was led i a d accide 9

ST


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Vln nd P A Pnng Grg Brqu

What ad Gors Braqu d iffrntfo his contporaris?

eoges Baque as a house panteho became an outstandng poessonalpante. e panted houses dung the dayand attended a t classes n the evenngs.Ae see ng an exhbton o the panteaul Cezanne he establ shed a studo oh mse and began to pant seousy. edestoyed h s st pant ngs ae exhbtng them. A l these ee panted n the lesauve style hch made use o blant

colous. e met ablo casso. ey tansated natue nto pantngs though 'cyl ndes cones and cubes' h s as the og no cubst pantngs.

'ouse at 'Estaque' and 'Road eaL'Estaq ue' a e to o Baq ue's best knonoks o ths peod 'Voln and Candle

0

Grg Brqu

stck' s Baque'smost amous pantng dung hs tmeth casso. n 1 91 ,he and casso n

vented the colagestyle o at Baquepasted stps o a l pape on to pantedcanvasses. 'Stll Leon a able: Glette'and he Von' ae

T M Wy


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What was th rlation

btwn Nandalal Bos andAbanindranath aor?banndanath Tagoe as the pantng guu and

Nandaa ose as hs favoute d scp le Nanda a l osehad at n hs heat Not supsngly he faed n hs ne

Ats exam naton tce. Nandaal stumbed upon the pant-

ngs of Abanndanath Tagoe and ealed that he hadfound hs futue guu The shy Nandalal took hscassmate Satyen to speak to Aban ndanath on hsbehaf. Abanndanath as mpessed by Nan-daa 's pantngs and took hm u nde hs ngs

Nandaal stated th the I nd an tye'of pantngbefoe b lazng an a ltenatve stye at abndanath

Tagoes Kala havan The mual pantngs of theAja nta caves nfluenced h m. He ceated a black and

hte lnocut pnt of Gandh n 1 930. Th s pnt s amastepece Jaaha a l Nehu nvted hm to desgn

the embems of the Govenment of nda's aads nc ud ng the ha ath atna' a nd the Pad mash

Nandaa 's pantngs ae dely egaded asI nda's best moden pantngs

among h s mpotant collagesAfe Wod Wa I I he took annteest n en uddhsm Hspantngs tuned nto a seachfo the sp tua Images of bdsn flght domnated hs lateoks

1 00 a as

Nandalal B

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Chop Suy A Painting by Edward oppr

Wha was Edward oppr dirnro h contporaris?

dad Hoppe suered om spel ls osadness He painted serous gues,mostly omen The severity and the

W o Mog bc of t st cbt ts of ty t c uy

medeo Modgian panted n theshado o poverty He mostly pantedpotats A potrat s an artist ic epresentaton o a peson, especi a ly o the ace orhead a nd shou ldes The portrats o hi s

riends ae stylized, that is painted n anon real stc style, but they ae recogn zabe

Modigani as aso a sculptor Hescupted e legant heads i n h s elongatedstyle om l imestone Modigl ian as at

2

hash lghtng o hspaintings, and the se-rious igues ho are

baely moe aivethan the untuecapture the attentono the vee Hscommonplace mag-es convey the sense

o lone lness that l ivesin the city Hs pant-ings are true to ie,they are landmarks oAmerican eal ism

he essentia eement o imag ination

gave le to his pant-ings 'Automat is atypca Hoppe pai nt

tractive, ith 'back

hai and the mostbeautul dak eyes',but drink destroyed

M Why


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n. Hoer stdedantn at the NewYork School of Art. He

vsted Pars bt hewas not aected bythe a rt movements ofthe cty He marredJo N vson herself anartst. hey had a st-do a artment n NewYork. he marraect short Nvson'scareer n art bt Edward Hoerbecameone of Amerca's bestloved artsts.

Ad Mdgn

hm He ded at the

ae of th rty sx. H sdstnctve stylemade hm one ofthe most ceebrated anters of thetwenteth centry

1 00 a a s

Wh s Jan Ro known asan artst wth hs own dnt-

t?am n Roywas born n Benadrn the Brtsh re. Hetra ned n the Wester stye of

Mhnd Chld by

n Ry

antn atthe Government Schooof Art n Cactta bt hetrned to thelvn folkand trbal artfor nsra-

ton. he bods w e e n brshstrokesofKal hat Pat n f l e n c e dhm reatly

In the 90'she bean hs

frst erod of exermentatonwth the Santhal dance as thestartn ont. He wanted tocatre the sm cty n the feof the fol k eole n h s ant

ns. He also wanted to makea rt accessble to a wder sectonof eoe and to ve ndanart ts own dentty. Hs workhas been wdely exhbted.amn Roy was awarded thePadma Bhsan n 955


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'[ d h Vg Pg byMr Chg

What wr th contrbutions oMarc Chaall?

a boy Mac Caga l d eam o acaee n panng He coped l aon om magane. A e age oweny e e nae Ran

Soud by Mr Chg

4

age and eneed e m-pea Scoo o oec

n o e A n S. e-ebg. Dng me e paned TeDead Man' a neacene n ome ownwc ao ncde aman payng dde on a

ooop He ed aTee e deeoped apeonal ye a combned memoe o nae l age and e eemen o anay. ande Vage' and 'TeDnkad' wee panedn yle.

He ened o Ran 91 and maed Be laRoeneld. He lockedon w e pocal

leade o Ra. H 'Fyng Geen Cow and Upde down Gl' dd nogo down wel w emand ey pe ed hmno leang Vebk Heemgaed o Beln n

e Me Why


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A Wk byMcl Duhm

1922 He vsted Israeland began a new medum of a rt n sta ned glassHe desgned twelvestaned glass wndowssymbolzng the twelve

1 00 G e P es

Why is it said that Marel Duhapexerted a stron inluene on twen-tieth entury radial art?

are Duamp was an artst whoopposed the laws of art e madereadymades' Readymade at tooobjets out of the nomal ettng, andsowed tem n a deent way A ye tye mounted upsde down on athen stool s an exampe of eadymade at Readymade art was a suess t bougt Duampto te Un tedStates from Fane He ofou nded te'Soete Anonyme' n New Yo Cty topomote moden a

Duamp eated a epodut on of

Mona Lsa' y eonado da Vn towhh he added a moustae and agoatee, a ponted beard e that of agoat! s famous suptue s 'ageGass,' a onstuton of lead wre andpanted fo on two g lass plates t s a soreferred to as he Bde Stpped Baeby He Bahelos, Even' Duampturned to radal a rt ater h s pa ntngNude Desendng a Staase No2'was rubshed by ts Hs eadymades wh were onsdeed a ntata e now eng preserved n mu seums

trbes ofIs ael forthe ews synagoguenear Jerusaem The eng deoatons for the Pas Opera, and thestaned gass wndows of te UntedNatons u ld ng n New Yor ty areamong h s othe notable wors

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Wh d Gor K onn ur onArcn nrs

eorgia 'Keee estroyea l the pa intings she create as

Great Painters

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