great-moments-in-robot-history4559.ppt

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Great Robotic Moments in History

ROBOTICS


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Clepsydra1400 BC

Babylonians develop the clepsydra, a clock that measures

time using the flow of water. It's considered one of the first"robotic" devices in history.

For centuries, inventors will refine the design.Around 270 BC, the Greek inventor Ctesibius becomes

famous for a water clock with moving figures on it.


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Aristotles Idea

322 BC

The Greek philosopher Aristotle imagines the great utility ofrobots, writing, "If every tool, when ordered, or even of itsown accord, could do the work that befits it then there

would be no need either of apprentices for the master

workers or of slaves for the lords."


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DaVincis Knight

1495Leonardo da Vinci designs a clockwork knight that will sit

up, wave its arms and move its head and jaw. It's notcertain whether the robot was ever built, but the design

may constitute the first humanoid robot.


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Vaucanson Duck

1737French inventor Jacques de Vaucanson builds a clockwork

duck capable of flapping its wings, quacking, eating anddigesting food.


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The Turk1769

Hungarian author and inventor Wolfgang von Kempelen

builds "The Turk," a maple wood box with a mannequin,dressed in cloak and turban, protruding from the back. The

device gains great fame as an automaton capable ofplaying chess against skilled opponents--until it is

discovered that a human operator hides inside the box.


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Jacquard Loom1801

French silk weaver and inventor Joseph Marie Jacquardinvents an automated loom that is controlled by punchcards. Within a decade it is being mass-produced, and

thousands are in use across Europe.

(Also a great stride in computer programming)


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Pinocchio1881

Italian author Carlo Collodi writes Pinocchio, a children's book

about a marionette who turns into a real boy. The literary themeof mechanical men who come to life will flourish along with thetechnological evolution of robots--most recently, in movies like

Steven Spielberg's A.I. and in TV characters like Data from StarTrek: The Next Generation


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Wizard of Oz Tinman

1900L. Frank Baum invents one of the literary world's most beloved

robots in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: the Tin Woodsman, amechanical man in search of a heart. The character is seen as a

symbol for the soullessness of mechanized industry.


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Capeks Robota

1921

Czech playwright Karl Capek popularizes the term "robot"in a play called "R.U.R. (Rossums Universal Robot)." The

word comes from the Czech robota, which means drudgeryor forced work. The play ends with robots taking over the

earth and destroying their makers.


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Metropolis

1926Film director Fritz Lang releases Metropolis, a silent film setin a futuristic urban dystopia. It features a female robot--thefirst to appear on the silver screen--who takes the shape of

a human woman in order to destroy a labor movement.


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Asimovs Three Laws of Robotics

1942

American science fiction author Isaac Asimov publishes a shortstory, "Runaround," that introduces the "Three Laws of Robotics"--

rules that every robot is programmed to obey:1. A robot may not harm a human being, or, through inaction,

allow a human being to come to harm.2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beingsexcept where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

3. A robot must protect its own existence, as long as suchprotection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.


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Universal Automation1954

Industrial robotics pioneer George Devol files a patent(pictured) for the first programmable robot and coins the

term "universal automaton."


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Unimation

1956George Devol and Joseph Engelberger (pictured) form the

world's first robotics company, Unimation. In the 1960s, it ispurchased by Condec, which later is bought, in part, by

industrial manufacturing giant Eaton.


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MIT Ashtray

1959The Servomechanisms Laboratory at the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology demonstrates computer-assisted

manufacturing. A robotic milling machine creates a

commemorative ashtray for each attendee.


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Unimate1961

Unimate, the world's first industrial robot, goes to work on aGeneral Motors assembly line.


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Rosie the Robot

1962Rosie the robot appears on The Jetsons, an animated TVprogram about a family from the future. The iconic housemaid becomes one of the best-known robot characters in

recent history.


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Shakey1966

The Artificial Intelligence Center at the Stanford ResearchCenter begins development of Shakey, the first mobile

robot. It is endowed with a limited ability to see and modelits environment and is controlled by a computer that fills an

entire room.


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HAL1968

HAL 9000 (Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer)

appears in the Stanley Kubrick film 2001: A Space Odyssey,written by Arthur C. Clarke. The artificially intelligent computer

runs the spaceship Discovery--and eventually goes berserk.The character reflects concern about the increasing power of

intelligent machines over man.


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StarWars1977

R2-D2 and C-3PO appear in George Lucas' Star Warsfilms. The plucky androids are arguably the best-known

robots in modern culture.


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Dante1993

An eight-legged robot named Dante attempts to exploreAntarctica's Mount Erebus volcano. It is remotely controlled

from the U.S. and collects a small amount of data beforemechanical difficulties end the experiment. But the

landmark effort ushers in a new era of robotic exploration of

hazardous environments.


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Furby1998

A fuzzy, batlike robot called Furby becomes the must-havetoy of the holiday season. The $30 toys seemingly "evolve"

over time, first speaking in gibberish but soon developingthe use of preprogrammed English phrases. More than 27

million of the toys sell in a 12-month period.


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Aibo1999

Gadget lovers develop a serious case of puppy love for Sony'srobot dog AIBO. The $2,000 mechanical mutt can navigatearound a room and respond to a set of limited commands.


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Asimo2000

Honda's humanoid robot ASIMO steps onto the stage. Standing1.3 meters tall, it can walk and run with a near-human gait.


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Roomba

2002The Roomba robotic vacuum from the iRobot Corp. isreleased. The Frisbee-shaped device has sold over 2million units to date, making it the most commercially

successful domestic robot in history.


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Speecys2004

The robotics business hits the big time, becoming a $1.06billion business in North America. Pictured is the humanoid

robot Speecys SPC-003

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