The Example United Kingdom(http://www.justice.gov.uk/news/features/new-rules-make-offenders-pay)

Great Britain, Ministry of Justice, Oct. 1st 2012:„Offenders must pay to support crime victims“From October 1st many more criminals will be made to

pay towards supporting victims of crime. Currently offenders only contribute around one sixth of the funding that supports victims‘ services. Hard-working taxpayers provide the rest.

Media reporting about crime(Hestermann, in: Kerner, Marks (Hrsg.)(2011).

www.praeventionstag.de/Dokumentation.cms/1335)

Sex-Crimes: Reality and Fiction

Development of the numbers of victims of finalized sex-crimes in Germany according to PKS (Police statistics)

all victims Children1993 26 32003 20 52010 4 1Change 2003 – 2010: -80 %

Crime rate changes: Statistics vs. Public Estimation

Mai Sato (2012):Death Penalty

Kaugia (2000): Legal Knowledge of Estonian Youth – 1970 to 1990

(Juridica International 2000, 20ff.)

The severest Term of Punishment that can be imposed pursuant to law for an offence is…

1975 1995Does not know 54 % 20 %Underestimates 22 % 65 %Knows exatly 10 % 4 %Overestimates 13 % 12 %

New Trends of Criminology and Teaching Innovations

- Fear of crime -> more Punitiveness- Problems of conception and Measurement - Matthews (2005, p. 178): „Although the term

‚punitiveness‘ is widely used in the literature, there is little attempt to define or deconstruct it. The consequence is that punitiveness remains a ‚thin‘ and under-theorized concept. Ist largely undifferentiated nature and the general vagueness surrounding it, however, has not been an impediment to ist adoption“.

- New forms of control/surveillance (electr. Monitoring)

Ambulant – stationär?

Effects of Diversion - D

Effects of Diversion - CH

3 Strikes - Wirkung

Finnland (Lappi-Seppälä 2010)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1950

1954

1958

1962

1966

1970

1974

1978

1982

1986

1990

1994

1998

Prisoner rates 1950-2000(/100 000 population)

DEN

FIN

NOR

SWE

Offences against the criminal code 1950-2000 (/100 000 population)

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

14 000

1950

1953

1956

1959

1962

1965

1968

1971

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

DEN

FIN

NOR

SWE

Wirkung von Sanktionen

7,67,1

6,5 6,3

4,2

3,6 3,4 3,2

8,2

7,4

6,86,3

1995 1996 1997 1998

Jahr

0

2

4

6

8

10

Hz

pro

100.

000

der

Bev

ölke

rung

Mordrate in Staaten mit TS Mordrate in Staaten ohne TS

Mordrate National

The example Portugal

The effect of arrest and imprisonment on crime(Wan, Moffatt, Jones, Weatherburn 2012, p. 1)

Results:„1 % increases in arrest rates for property and

violent crime are estimated to produce 0.10 % and 0.19 % decreases in property and violent crime, respectively.

There was no evidence that increases in the length of imprisonment has any short or long-run impact on crime rates.“