GRAZING DAYSGRAZING DAYSPasture Management Part IIPasture Management Part II

September 22, 2009September 22, 2009

BLACKCHERRYBLACKCHERRY

Cyanogenic glycosides

All parts toxicMost common –

wilted leavesWithin one hour

lethal ingested amount can cause spasma and death from respiratory failure

BRACKEN FERNBRACKEN FERN

Toxicity – thiaminaseAll parts toxicCollapse convulsionDeath within a few

daysCalves

BUTTERFLY WEEDBUTTERFLY WEED

Roots, plant sap from all parts.

Vomiting, stupor, weakness, spasms

Resinoid, cardiac glycoside

Large quantities eaten

CASTOR BEANCASTOR BEAN

Toxicity – RicinAll parts toxic *seedsSymptoms may show

immediately or delay for up to 2 days after ingesting.

Weakness, Bloody vomiting/diarrhea

Convulsion, deathFew cracked seeds

have cause death

CHERRY LAUREL TREECHERRY LAUREL TREE

Same as Black Cherry, Choke Cherry

Within one hour lethal amount can cause spasma and death from respiratory failure

CHINA BERRY TREECHINA BERRY TREE

All partsLeaves have

paraisineFruit has azaridineRipe fruit more toxic

than green, deaths in livestock (sheep/pigs)

CHINESE TALLOWTREECHINESE TALLOWTREE

Toxic agent unknownTerminal leaves and

green fruit – gastrointestinal disorder

Consume 1% of BW will produce signs in 12-14 hrs

COCKELBURCOCKELBUR

Vomiting in pigsSheep/Cattle show

weakness, inability to stand, confusion, rapid and weak pulse, low temp and muscular spasm

COFFEE WEED - SICKLEPODCOFFEE WEED - SICKLEPOD

Seeds toxicity upon the skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver

The leaves and stem also contain toxin, whether green or dry

Diarrhea, go off feed, lethargic, and tremors appear in the hind legs

Urine becomes dark and coffee-colored and the animal becomes recumbent and is unable to rise. Death often occurs within 12 hours after the animal goes down

COFFEE SENNACOFFEE SENNA

Seeds toxicity upon the skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver

The leaves and stem also contain toxin, whether green or dry

Diarrhea, go off feed, lethargic, and tremors appear in the hind legs

Urine becomes dark and coffee-colored and the animal becomes recumbent and is unable to rise. Death often occurs within 12 hours after the animal goes down

CROTALARIACROTALARIA

Alkaloid monocrotaline

All parts are toxic, green or dry

Horses develop unthriftiness

Liver damageNo treatment

FETTERBUSHFETTERBUSH

All parts toxicWatering of mouth,

eyes, nose2-6 hrs later vomitingDeath from

Respiratory failure

HORSENETTLEHORSENETTLE

Toxic - Solanine alkaloid

Nausea, vomiting, salivation, drowsiness, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness, respiratory depression; may be fatal

JIMSONWEEDJIMSONWEED

Toxic - Tropane alkaloids

All parts, mainly seeds and leaves

rapid and weak pulse, convulsions

Large quantities eaten

JOHNSONGRASSJOHNSONGRASS

Cyanide poisoning of cattle/livestock when grown under adverse conditions (drought, frost, etc.)

Death from respiratory failure

LANTANALANTANA

Toxicity- lantaninAll parts are toxicSevere weaknessParalysisDeath 3-4 daysTreatment sodium

thiosulfateGoats not affected

NIGHTSHADENIGHTSHADE

Alkaloid SolanineBerries most toxic

when greenHighly toxicPoisoning common in

calves during spring when forage is in short supply

OLEANDEROLEANDER

All parts toxicNeroside, oleandroside,

cardiac glycosides15-20 grams of leaf can

kill a mature cowGreen or dry leaves

equally toxicRespiratory paralysis,

death

PERILLA MINTPERILLA MINT

All parts toxicKetones – respiratory

distressMinty odor when

crushedConsumed when

Forage in short supply

PIGWEEDPIGWEED

All parts toxicConcentrate

nitrates in leavesVitamin deficiency,

bloatRarely death

POKEBERRYPOKEBERRY

Root is most toxic but all parts

Cramping, diarrheaMost cases

recovering in 24-48 hrs

RAIN LILYRAIN LILY

All parts, especially the bulb

Alkaloids lycorineLarge amounts

causes staggers in horses, cattle

Collapse and death 48 hrs

SESBANIASESBANIA

Saponin that is toxic to livestock

Seeds most toxicConsumed when

forage is scarce1-2 oz. of seeds can

be fatal

SHOWY CROTALARIASHOWY CROTALARIA

All parts toxic, green or dried in hay

Listlessness, loss of appetite, diarrhea, bloody feces, stumbling and death

SNEEZEWEEDSNEEZEWEED

Leaves, flowers, seeds

Glucoside and a phenol

Sheep VomitingLarge quantities

needed

SWEET SHRUBSWEET SHRUB

Alkaloid is contained in the seed

Strychnine like symptoms

Large quantities needed

WATER HEMLOCKWATER HEMLOCK

CicutoxinSeeds and flowers

produce mild gastroenteric irritation

Large mouthful can be fatal

Respiratory or cardiac failure

YELLOW JESSAMINE YELLOW JESSAMINE

All parts including nectar are toxic

Muscular weakness and respiratory failure

Derek BarberDerek BarberLivestock & Natural ResourcesLivestock & Natural Resources

dlbarber@ufl.edudlbarber@ufl.edu