Detecting Gravitational Radiation from the Beginning of the Universe
GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION FROM THE EARLY …...GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE Mark...
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GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE Mark Hindmarsh 1,2 , Stephan Huber 2 , Kari Rummukainen 1 and David Weir 3 1 Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, U.K. 3 Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Univerisity of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway email: kari.rummukainen@helsinki.fi In the early Universe there are several processes which may generate observable gravi- tational radiation, such as inflation, cosmic strings or other topological defects, and first order phase transitions. The radiation may be observable in proposed future space-based detectors, in the first place the European eLISA satellite constellation [1], scheduled for launch in 2034. The gravitational radiation will provide an unprecedented direct view of the Universe at the time of their creation. In order to understand the physics reach of these detectors it is of fundamental importance to know in detail how the gravitational radiation is generated. We have studied the gener- ation of gravitational waves in cosmological first order phase transitions using large-scale numerical simulations [2]. We have discovered that the dominant source of gravitational radiation are the acoustic waves generated during the transition – the “sound” of the tran- sition. This mechanism has been hitherto unappreciated, and it can generate up to two orders of magnitude stronger radiation than earlier calculations have indicated. This sig- nificantly increases the discovery potential of the proposed detectors. Figure 1: Snapshots of the fluid energy density during a cosmological phase transition. The generation of gravitational waves remains active long after the transition itself has completed. [1] eLISA Collaboration, P. A. Seoane et al., arXiv:1305.5720. [2] M. Hindmarsh, S. J. Huber, K. Rummukainen, and D. J. Weir, Phys.Rev.Lett. 112 (2014) 041301, [arXiv:1304.2433]; Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 12, 123009 doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.92.123009 [arXiv:1504.03291 [astro-ph.CO]].
Transcript of GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION FROM THE EARLY …...GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE Mark...
GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION FROM THE EARLY UNIVERSE
Mark Hindmarsh1,2, Stephan Huber2, Kari Rummukainen1 and David Weir3
1Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of physics, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland2Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN19QH, U.K.3Institute of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Univerisity of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger,Norway
email: [email protected]
In the early Universe there are several processes which may generate observable gravi-tational radiation, such as inflation, cosmic strings or other topological defects, and firstorder phase transitions. The radiation may be observable in proposed future space-baseddetectors, in the first place the European eLISA satellite constellation [1], scheduled forlaunch in 2034. The gravitational radiation will provide an unprecedented direct view ofthe Universe at the time of their creation.
In order to understand the physics reach of these detectors it is of fundamental importanceto know in detail how the gravitational radiation is generated. We have studied the gener-ation of gravitational waves in cosmological first order phase transitions using large-scalenumerical simulations [2]. We have discovered that the dominant source of gravitationalradiation are the acoustic waves generated during the transition – the “sound” of the tran-sition. This mechanism has been hitherto unappreciated, and it can generate up to twoorders of magnitude stronger radiation than earlier calculations have indicated. This sig-nificantly increases the discovery potential of the proposed detectors.
Figure 1: Snapshots of the fluid energy density during a cosmological phase transition.The generation of gravitational waves remains active long after the transition itself hascompleted.
[1] eLISA Collaboration, P. A. Seoane et al., arXiv:1305.5720.[2] M. Hindmarsh, S. J. Huber, K. Rummukainen, and D. J. Weir, Phys.Rev.Lett.
112 (2014) 041301, [arXiv:1304.2433]; Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 12, 123009doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.92.123009 [arXiv:1504.03291 [astro-ph.CO]].
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