Graphing
description
Transcript of Graphing
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Graphing
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Graphing
a. Circle graph (also called pie chart)Used to show parts of a fixed whole. Usually parts are
labeled as percents with the circle representing 100%.
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Graphing
b. Bar graph- good for showing quantitative data or data that you can count at exact intervals
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Graphing
Line graph- good for showing relationship between two variables Independent variable is plotted on the X axis Dependent variable is plotted on the Y axisBest fit line is drawn so that as many points fall above
the line as below
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Graphing
Directly related Positive slope As X increases, Y increases
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Graphing
Inversely related Negative slope As X value increases, Y decreases
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Experimental Design
Must be carefully designed and conducted
X-Axis- independent variable- change on purpose
Y-Axis- dependent variable- changes in response
Constant- all other variables do not change
Control- standard used for comparison
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Gathering Information
Qualitative- subject to opinion, subjective 5 senses
See – What color or color changes, bubbles forming, solid forming, shape size, etc.
Hear – noise: Fizz, pop, boom, etc. Touch
Feels hot – Gives off heat ~ exothermic Feels cold – Takes in heat ~ endothermic
Taste – Never taste chemicals in the lab… Smell – is a smell produced? Waft to find out.
Quantitative - Numerical values, objective Mass, amount, etc.
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Reliable Measurements
Accuracy refers to the closeness of the measure value is to the accepted, or real, value.
Precision refers to how close a series of measurements are to one another.
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Error is calculated by subtracting the experimental value from the accepted value.
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The percent error is the ratio of an error to an accepted value.
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% error = error x 100 = accepted value – experimental
value x 100
accepted value accepted value
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Example
An experiment finds the density of lead to be 10.95 g/cm3. The literature value for the density of lead is 13.34 g/cm3.
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The error: accepted value – experimental value=
13.34 – 10.95 =
An experiment finds the density of lead to be 10.95 g/cm3. The literature value for the density of lead is 13.34 g/cm3.
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The error: accepted value – experimental value=
13.34 – 10.95 = 2.39
An experiment finds the density of lead to be 10.95 g/cm3. The literature value for the density of lead is 13.34 g/cm3.
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The error: accepted value – experimental value=
13.34 – 10.95 = 2.39
The % error: error x 100 = accepted value
2.39 x 100 =13.34
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The error: accepted value – experimental value=
13.34 – 10.95 = 2.39
The % error: error x 100 = accepted value
2.39 x 100 = 17.9%13.34
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Practice
Sara’s lab shows the atomic mass of aluminum to be 28.9. What is her percent error if the accepted value is 27.0?
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Practice
Sara’s lab shows the atomic mass of aluminum to be 28.9. What is her percent error if the accepted value is 27.0?
27.0 – 28.9 =
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Practice
Sara’s lab shows the atomic mass of aluminum to be 28.9. What is her percent error if the accepted value is 27.0?
27.0 – 28.9 = -1.9
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Practice
Sara’s lab shows the atomic mass of aluminum to be 28.9. What is her percent error if the accepted value is 27.0?
27.0 – 28.9 = -1.91.9/27.0 x 100% =
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Practice
Sara’s lab shows the atomic mass of aluminum to be 28.9. What is her percent error if the accepted value is 27.0?
27.0 – 28.9 = -1.9 (absolute so make it positive)
1.9/27.0 x 100% = 7.0%
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Practice
What is the percent error in a measurement of the boiling point of bromine if the textbook value is 60.8 °C and the lab value is 40.6 °C?
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Practice
What is the percent error in a measurement of the boiling point of bromine if the textbook value is 60.8 °C and the lab value is 40.6 °C?
60.8 °C – 40.6 °C =
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Practice
What is the percent error in a measurement of the boiling point of bromine if the textbook value is 60.8 °C and the lab value is 40.6 °C?
60.8 °C – 40.6 °C = 20.2 °C
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Practice
What is the percent error in a measurement of the boiling point of bromine if the textbook value is 60.8 °C and the lab value is 40.6 °C?
60.8 °C – 40.6 °C = 20.2 °C20.2 °C / 60.8 °C x 100% =
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Practice
What is the percent error in a measurement of the boiling point of bromine if the textbook value is 60.8 °C and the lab value is 40.6 °C?
60.8 °C – 40.6 °C = 20.2 °C20.2 °C / 60.8 °C x 100% = 33.2%
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Birdville Carter Riverside…
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