GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

(GPU)

GUIDED BY :

Mr. ASHWANI KR. PANDEY

B.TECH, M.TECH

Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS

PRESENTED BY :

SAURABH KUMAR

What is GPU??

• A GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT or GPU is a specialized microprocessor accelerates 3D or 2D graphics.

• Used in embedded systems, mobile phones, personal computers, workstations and game consoles.

Accelerate 3D Graphics

Draws polygons

(shapes) Decode Media Formats

Smooth media experience

Applies Textures

Speed Up Rendering

They are massively parallel

compared to CPU’s, speeding

up a number of tasks

Maps high resolution

Images to 3D polygons

GPU’s: What are they DO?

• GPU was and popularized In 1999 by

• NVidia marketed the GeForce 256 as the world's

first Graphics Processing Unit.

• A single-chip processor with integrated transform,

lighting, and delivering engines that is capable of

processing a minimum of 10 million polygons per

second.

• OpenGL and DirectX become popular in 90s…

When was GPU discovered?

THE BASIC IDEA – ACCELERATED COMPUTING

A modern video card consists of a Printed circuit board on which the components

are mounted.

Graphics Processing

Unit

Heat Sink

Video BIOSVideo

memory

RAMDAC

BLOCK DIAGRAME OF GPU

Structural Diagram

Components of Graphics

1. Graphic Processing Unit (GPU)

3. Video Memory

2. Video Bios

4. RAMDAC

5. Motherboard Interface

6. Cooling Devices

7. Outputs

Graphics Processing Unit

A GPU is dedicated graphics processor optimized

for floating point calculations which are

fundamentals to 3D graphics rendering.

• An IGP uses RAM of main memory, while Graphics

card has its own memory called as Graphics memory or

video memory.

• The memory capacity of most modern video card ranges

from 1 GB to 10 GB. Since video memory needs to be

accessed by GPU

• Now there are improved graphics card with better

memory and better clock rate (speed) are available

whose speed ranges from 400MHz to 5 GHz.

TYPES BANDWIDTH

(GB/S)

DDR 1.2-30.4

DDR2 8.5-16

GDDR3 5.6-156.6

DDR3 128-200

DRR5 130-230

Video Bios :• The VIDEO BIOS or

FIRMWARE contains basic

programs that governs graphics

card operations and provides

the instructions so that

computer hardware and

software can interact with card.

• It contains information on

memory timing, voltage of

graphics processor and RAM,

operating speed and other

information.

Motherboard Interface :

• It is the connection system which

connects graphics card with

motherboard system.

• Although there AGP and PCI-

Express slot are most widely used

connection system.

Cooling Devices:

Graphics card uses lot of electricity

which is converted into heat. If heat

isn’t dissipated then card could get

overheated and get damaged. Cooling

devices are incorporated to transfer

heat elsewhere.

RAMDAC :

RAMDAC is Random access Memory

Digital To Analog Convertor which converts

digital signal to analog signal for use by

computer display which uses analog input such

as CRT display.

Outputs:These are the connection system which connects graphics card with

display.

• VGA : CRT displays. Also

called as VGA connector.

• S-Video : Used in older TVs

• DVI: Designed for flat panel

screens such as plasma,

LCD display, HDTV, video

projectors etc.

Integrated Graphics Card

1. An integrated graphics processing unit (GPU) doesn't

use its own RAM.

Benefits:• It is cheaper, which in turn means a less expensive

computer.

• Generates much less heat than a dedicated video card and

uses less power.

• Perfect for people doing everyday graphics processing.

Dedicated Graphics Card

1. GPU has its own independent source of video memory.

2. Dedicated cards are perfect if you are into serious gaming

or are a professional graphic designer.

Drawbacks:

1. If you don't have the appropriate design or a good fan, these

video cards will get warm.

2. Using a laptop with dedicated graphics card will decrease the

battery life.

3. You should also expect to pay more for this kind of card.

GPU Vendors

• AMD

– Radeon

• nVIDIA

– GeForce

• Intel (CPU Graphics)

Latest Products

GTX Titan X

• 1.4 GHz GPU Clock Speed

• 250 W Power Supply Required

• NVIDIA 3D Vision Support

• 5120 x 3200 Maximum Digital Resolution

• 12 GB GDDR5 Memory

• A graphics card is required for better gaming experience and

better display.

• Graphics card is a hardware that enhances the visual as well as

overall performance of your computer system.

• It increases the accuracy of the colour reproduction on screen.

• To creating Animations and 3D images.

• It enhances your movie viewing experience.

• Dedicated Graphics Cards Are Moving to Higher End Systems

•Integrated Graphics Chipsets are Improving

•Tablets Cannibalize PCs

IN FUTURE

Thank You.