Slide 1

Graphene, its Synthesis & its Application in Drug Delivery Kshitij Chaudhary and Mohit Jindal(JMIT, Radaur) IntroductionGraphene sp2 hybridized two dimensional lattice of carbon. Discovered in 2004 by A. Guim and K. Novoselov. Extensive application in Biomedical Sciences, Electronics and Material Sciences.Basic structural element of all carbon allotropes (graphite, fullerenes).

Structure2D aromatic honeycomb structure.Each carbon atom forms three bonds with its neighbors and has a delocalized fourth electron.Only carbon form in which every carbon is available for reaction from two sides. Self-healing property when bombarded with carbon compounds

PropertiesExceptional chemical & physical properties.High electronic conductivity, good thermal stability.Excellent mechanical strength .Single layer graphene is hundred times more chemically reactive than its thicker counterparts. Hydrophobic in nature and impermeable to all gases and liquids.

SynthesisIntroductionVarious processes of synthesis include Metal Exfoliation, Reduction of Oxide and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).Graphene was first produced using Scotch Tape to split carbon layers. CVD is the most sought-after synthesis technique.

Low Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition Cheap and high yielding.Ease of tailoring size, composition and shape.Uses Copper as substrate for epitaxy.Pre-treatment of Cu defines the properties of graphene formed.LPCVD uses CH4 as a source gas in presence of H2.Carbon deposits on copper as graphene while hydrogen helps in removing impurities.Characterized by Raman Spectroscopy.

Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Applications in Anti-Cancer Drug DeliveryBio-medical ApplicationsExtensive Oxidation of graphene is done to form Graphene Oxide (GO).Drug is adsorbed via stacking.

Nano Graphene Oxide

Formed by converting micrometric lateral dimensions to nano-metric size.Grafted with Polyethylene Glycol to increase bio-compatibility.Enhanced properties include high solubility and stability in salt and cellular solutions. Reports indicate low cell toxicity.

NGO-PEGAnti-Cancer Drug CarrierDirect immobilization of anti-cancer drug molecules (DOX) on graphene. DOX, an anthracycline antibiotic, commonly used in chemotherapy.Very specific targeting of cancer cells.Does not have the inherent disadvantage of chemotherapy. ConclusionGraphene has exceptional properties.Graphene and its derivative have numerous applications in Bio-medicals.The foremost challenge is the production of uniform layer of graphene.The application in Electronics, Chemistry and Medicine also show promise.The future prospects of graphene promise high returns in various fields.Thank You