Grand Challenges Webinar at IFEES-India
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Transcript of Grand Challenges Webinar at IFEES-India
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation.
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Mohammad [email protected]
International Federation of Engineering Education Societies (IFEES) Global Webinar Series
Sponsored by Indo-US Collaboration for Engineering Education (IUCEE.Org)
December 6, 2011
Engineering Grand Challenges:Their Implications for Engineering
Education & Research and Opportunities for Global Collaborations
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation.
►Major Studies Published 2003-2008:
◘ NAE, 2004, The Engineer of 2020
◘ NAE, 2005, Educating the Engineer of 2020
◘ NAE, 2008, Changing the Conversation
◘ NSF, 2007, The 5XME Workshop: Transforming ME Education and Research
◘ ASME, 2008 Global Summit on the Future of Mechanical Engineering
◘ Duderstadt, 2008, Engineering for a Changing World
◘ ASCE, 2008, Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge for the 21st Century
◘ Carnegie Foundation 2008, “Educating Engineers: Designing for the Future of the Field”
Changing Role of Engineers and the Need to Reform Engineering Curriculum
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation.
► In the 20th Century, engineering recorded its grandest accomplishments. 2003- the book A Century of Innovation: Twenty Engineering Achievements That Transformed Our Lives, published through a project initiated by the National Academy of Engineering (NAE).
Grand Challenges- Background
1. Electrification2. Automobile3. Airplane4. Water Supply and Distribution5. Electronics6. Radio and Television7. Agricultural Mechanization8. Computers9. Telephone10. Air Conditioning & Refrigeration
11. Highways12. Spacecraft13. Internet14. Imaging15. Household Appliances16. Health Technologies17. Petroleum/Petrochemical Technologies18. Laser and Fiber Optics19. Nuclear Technologies20. High-performance Materials
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation.
► In the 21st Century Engineering is faced with New Frontiers. Our World is Changing
20th century:
Stovepipes
◘ Scientists discovered.
◘ Engineers created.
◘ Doctors healed.
21st Century:
Science, Engineering,
and Medicine are:
◘ Totally interdependent.
◘ Blending together in new ways.
New Frontiers forEngineering in the 21st Century
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation. 5
1. Breakthroughs in
technology
2. Demographics
3. Global Challenges
4. Economic/societal forces
New Context for Engineering
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation.
1. Breakthroughs in Technology:Sustainable Technology
Biotechnology/Nano-medicine
Logistics
Photonics/optics Manufacturing
Microelectronics/ telecommunications
Nanotechnology
New Context for Engineering
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation.
Smaller and SmallerFaster and FasterMore and More Complex
7
BioInfoNano
MacroEnergyEnvironmentHealth CareManufacturingCommunicationsLogistics
Bio-based materialsBiomemeticsPersonalized, Predictive MedicineSynthetic BiologyBiofuelsEtc.
◘ The payoffs will come from bridging these frontiers.
◘ Our students must be prepared to do this.
◘ Frontiers and synergies (natural and social sciences) must be reflected in the university education.
1. Breakthroughs in Technology:
New Context for Engineering
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation. 8
Global Challenges are a New Reality
► 8 billion people; a 25% increase since 2000.
► Balance tipped toward urbanization and “Mega Cities”.
By 2007, for the 1st time, majority of population lived in cities By the end of 2010, more than 59 cities with population of
more than 5 million; 50% increase since 2001 Challenges: Environmental issues, congestion, delivery
systems, etc. For instance, in 2007, congestion in American populated cities caused: travel 4.2B hours more, and an extra 2.8B gallons of fuel---a total congestion cost of $87.2B.
2. Demographics
New Context for Engineering
Engineering: Serving Humanity Through Innovation. 9
Global Challenges are a New Reality
► Youth “bulge” in underdeveloped nations whiledeveloped nations age.
► If the world condensed to 100 people:◘ 56 in Asia◘ 7 in Eastern Europe/Russia◘ 16 in Africa ◘ 4 in the United States
2. Demographics
New Context for Engineering