Grammar workshop 1.2

Business Writing Skills: Grammar Part 1

November 20, 2015 Rachael Walker

Overview

Part 1: Verb Tenses

Overview

Part 1: Verb Tenses

Present

Overview

Part 1: Verb Tenses

Present

Future

Overview

Part 1: Verb Tenses

Present

Future

Past

Overview

Part 1: Verb Tenses

Present

Future

Past

Conditional

Overview

Part 1: Verb Tenses

Present

Past

Future

Conditional

Present Tenses

Simple

Present Tenses

Simple

Continuous

Present Tenses

SimpleI do.

Continuous

Present Tenses

SimpleI do.

ContinuousI am doing.

Present Simple

1) Factual information

Present Simple


2) Habits

Present Simple


2) Habits

3) Instructions

Present Simple


2) Habits

3) Instructions

4) Schedules

Present Simple


2) Habits

3) Instructions

4) Schedules

5) Certain verbs

Present Simple

Factual information

Our company employs over 100,000 people.

Present Simple

Factual information

MG belongs to the Rover group.

Present Simple

Factual information


We sell products in overseas markets.

Present Simple

Factual information



High taxation discourages investment.

Present Simple

Factual information



High taxation discourages investment.

Competition brings out the worst in people.

Present Simple

Factual information

Company mission statement:

"Our mission is to provide a wide range of quality dairy products reflecting current and future consumer demand."

Present Simple

Factual information

Abstracts and initial summaries

Present Simple

Factual information


This report assesses the level of growth.

Present Simple

Factual information



We provide insight on the state of the art.

Present Simple

Factual information




Personal aesthetics

Present Simple

Factual information


This report assesses the level of compliance.


Personal aesthetics

Present Simple


2) Habits

3) Instructions

4) Schedules

5) Certain verbs

Present Simple

Habits

I get to work at 8:15.

Present Simple

Habits


I never smoke at work.

Present Simple

Habits



When she arrives at work, she checks her email.

Present Simple

Habits




When the total reaches $1,000, an invoice is sent.

Present Simple

Habits




When the total reaches $1,000, an invoice is sent.

(Present simple passive)

Present Simple


2) Habits

3) Instructions

4) Schedules

5) Certain verbs

Present Simple

Instructions

Present Simple

Instructions

Rules

Present Simple

Instructions

How do I get to your office?

Rules

Present Simple

Instructions


(You) turn right at the light and cross the bridge.

Rules

Present Simple

Instructions


(You) turn right at the light and cross the bridge.

Rules

We use the present simple to talk about the rules of grammar.

Present Simple


2) Habits

3) Instructions

4) Schedules

5) Certain verbs

Present Simple

Schedules

Present Simple

Schedules

Expressing future with the present simple:

Present Simple

Schedules


I do it tomorrow.

Present Simple

Schedules


I do it tomorrow.

I will do it tomorrow.

Present Simple

Schedules


I do it tomorrow.

I will do it tomorrow.I'm going to do it tomorrow.

Present Simple

Schedules


I do it tomorrow.

I will do it tomorrow.I'm going to do it tomorrow.I'm doing it tomorrow.

Present Simple

Schedules


Present Simple

Schedules


Fixed schedule

Present Simple

Schedules


Fixed schedule

The plane departs at 8:50.

Present Simple

Schedules


Fixed schedule

The plane departs at 8:50.The new factory opens on May 30.

Present Simple


2) Habits

3) Instructions

4) Schedules

5) Certain verbs

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

LoveLike Hate Want Wish Admire

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

Think Forget Know Realize Understand

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

Hear See Feel

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

Have Include Own Possess Belong to

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

Appear Look like Resemble Seem

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

Be Consist of Depend Exist

Present Simple

Certain verbs

Likes

Mental states

Perception

Possession

Appearance

Being

*Never say never!!!

Be Consist of Depend Exist

Appear Look like Resemble Seem

Have Include Own Possess Belong to

Hear See Feel

Think Forget Know Realize Understand

LoveLike Hate Want Wish Admire

Present Tenses

SimpleI do.

ContinuousI am doing.

Present Continuous

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

1) Event in progress

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous


2) Current situation

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous



3) Changing situations

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous




4) Repeated actions

5) Future plans

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous




4) Repeated actions Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous




4) Repeated actions

5) Future plans

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Events in progress

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Events in progress

What are you doing?

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Events in progress

What are you doing?

I'm looking for my notes.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous




4) Repeated actions

5) Future plans

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Current situation or ongoing project

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous


The company is developing a new system.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous


The company is developing a new system.

The manager is dealing with complaints, but the process is slow.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Current situation or ongoing project (temporary)

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous


The employees are working on a fixed term.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous


The employees are working on a fixed term.

The company is offering a 20% rebate for new clients this month.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous




4) Repeated actions

5) Future plans

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Changing or developing situations

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous


Our target market is growing.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous


Our target market is growing.

Consumers are increasingly becoming more interested in sustainable products.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous




4) Repeated actions

5) Future plans

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Repeated actions

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Repeated actions

I am taking Spanish lessons.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Repeated actions


His wife is always nagging him.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Repeated actions



We are monitoring for quality control.

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Repeated actions



We are monitoring for quality control.

Note: No numbers!Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Repeated actions

I always meet Mary in the park. (Planned habit)

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Repeated actions

I always meet Mary in the park. (Planned habit)

I'm always meeting Mary in the park. (By chance)

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous




4) Repeated actions

5) Future plans

Now

Ongoing Action

Present Continuous

Future plans

Expressing future plans with present continuous

Present Continuous

Future plans


The manager is attending a conference next weekend.

Present Continuous

Future plans


The manager is attending a conference next weekend.I am leaving the company in December.

Present Continuous

Future plans

Actions which are just beginning

I'm going to lunch. Are you coming?The mill is beginning production.

Present Continuous

Future plans


I'm going to lunch. Are you coming?

Present Continuous

Future plans


I'm going to lunch. Are you coming?The mill is beginning production.

Present Continuous

Miscellaneous notes

His wife always nags him.His wife is always nagging him.

Present Continuous

Miscellaneous notes

His wife always nags him.His wife is always nagging him.

I live in Montreal.I'm living in Montreal.

Overview

Part 1: Verb Tenses

Present

Future

Past

Conditional

Future

Present continuous

Future

Present continuousHe's doing.

Future


Be going to

Future


Be going toHe's going to do.

Future



Will

Future



WillHe will do.

Future



WillHe will do.

Present simple

Future



WillHe will do.

Present simpleIt does.

Future



WillHe will do.


Future perfect

Future



WillHe will do.


Future perfectHe will have done.

Future



WillHe will do.


Future perfectHe will have done.He will be doing.

Future



WillHe will do.



Be + infinitive

Future



WillHe will do.



Be + infinitiveYou are to do.

Future

Present continuous

Talk about plans

Future

Present continuous

Talk about plans

I'm meeting him tomorrow.

Future



WillHe will do.




Future

Be going to

Talk about plans

I'm meeting him tomorrow.

I'm going to meet him tomorrow.

Future



WillHe will do.




Future

Present tenses = Present plan or intention

Future


Will = Natural consequences

Future



He is taking an earlyretirement.

Future



He is taking an earlyretirement.

He will have more free time.

Future

PredictionsBe going to

Future

PredictionsBe going toWill

Future


I'm sure you will enjoy your visit.

Future


I'm sure you will enjoy your visit.

I'm sure you're going to enjoy your visit.

Future

Predictions

Be going to – external evidence

Future

Predictions


Will – internal intuition

Future

Predictions


Look at the clouds. It's going to rain.


Future

Predictions


Look at the clouds. It's going to rain.


I expect he'll stay at thenicest hotel.

Future

Will

Promises

Future

Will

Promises

I'll pay you back.

Future

Will

Promises

I'll pay you back.

Offers

Future

Will

Promises

I'll pay you back.

Offers

I'll give you a ride home.

Future



WillHe will do.




Future

Present simple

Future

Present simple

Schedules

The plane departs at 12:30.

Future



WillHe will do.




Future

Future perfect

Events completed by a future time

Now ThenBefore Then(After Now)

We arriveThey leave

Future

Future perfect

Events completed by a future timeBy the time we arrive, they will have left.


We arriveThey leave

Future

Future perfect

Events completed by a future timeBy the time we arrive, they will have left.At the end of the year, we will have recovered our investment.


We arriveThey leave

Future

Future perfect continuous

Events still in progress at a future time

Now ThenBefore Then

Future



This time next year, I'll be lying on a beach.

Future




Now

Next year

Future




Now

Next yearLying on a beach

Future


Future arrangements

Future


Future arrangements

During your visit, you'll be staying at the Hilton Hotel.

Future


Events in the future if predictions are correct

The unions will be asking for more money.

She will be retiring at the end of the year.

Future



WillHe will do.




Future

Be + infinitive

Official Announcements

Future

Be + infinitive


Management is to cut2800 jobs.

Future

Be + infinitive



The president is to retirenext year.

Future

Be + infinitive



The president is to retirenext year.

You are to tell no one.

Activity

Grammar workshop 1.2

Career

Transcript of Grammar workshop 1.2