Grammar

The boy who is standing by the flowers is Da Bao.

The boy is Da Bao. He is standing by the flowers.

1.He is the person who walked on the moon.

2.There are reports that say Armstrong and Aldrin saw the alien

spacecraft.

3.It is said that Neil Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control

which said that two huge, strange objects landed near them and were watching them.

Defining relative clauses （定语从句）

Neil Armstrong

先行词

先行词

先行词

关系代词who

关系代词that

关系代词which

定义：在复合句中，修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，在句子中起定语作用。

概念 : He is the boy who often goes to school late. 先行词 关系词 定语从句

原则： a. 定语从句必须紧紧地跟在先行词后面， 限制修饰先行词。 b. 定语从句必须用关系词来引导。 c. 关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分 .

关系词关系代词： that, who, whom, whose, which

关系副词： when, where, why

Underline the defining relative clausesUnderline the defining relative clauses

Peter: Which great person have you decided to write about?

Kitty: I may write about Christopher Columbus. Do you think that he’s the greatest explore in the world?

Peter: Yes, I think so. He’s the person who discovered America.

Kitty: How about you? Tell me the person who you want to write about.

Peter: I’m going write about Pelè. I believe that he’s the best football player that has ever played.

Kitty: Yes, I think he is great. Have you found the information that you need for your article?

Peter: Not yet, but I’ve found a website that gives a detailed introduction to Columbus. It’ll be very helpful.

Which great person has Kitty decided to write about?

Which great person has Peter decided to write about?

She decided to write about Christopher Columbus.

He decided to write about Pele.

Christopher Columbus is an explorer ______________________.

who discovered America

Pele is a good football player

___________________________________.

that played four times in the World Cup

Pele played four times in the World Cup.

Christopher Columbus discovered America.

当先行词是人时，定语从句的引导词可以用 _______ 或 _______;当先行词是物时，定语从句的引导词可以用 _______ 或 _______ 。

Work out the rule

Relative Pronoun People Things

who

which

that

√

√

√

√

who thatwhich that

1 SARS is a terrible disease _________ killed many people.

2 Yao Ming _________ plays in NBA is a famous sportsman.

3 Many cartoons _________ are from Japan are popular in China now.

that/which

that/who

that/which

Ex1. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.

singular form( 单数 )

plural form( 复数 )

The place______________ Bruce Lee was born in was San Francisco.

The person ______________ took Bruce to stage when Bruce was only three months old was his father.

The first film___________ Bruce acted in was made in 1946.

Master Yip Man was the person___________ taught Bruce Kung fu.

Game of Death was the last film____________ Bruce acted in.

which/that

Check the answers

who/that

which/that

who/that

which/that

Ex2. P65 Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.

下列情况关系代词只能用 that 而不用 which/who ：

1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时；

2.当先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰时；

3.当先行词被 all, any, little, much, no, none 等词修饰时；

4.当先行词为不定代词 (everything, anything…) 时；

5.当先行词是两个并列的既有人又有物的词时；

6.当主句是以 which 或 who 开头的特殊问句时。

Remember the following rules

The place______________ Bruce Lee was born in was San Francisco.

The person ______________ took Bruce to stage when Bruce was only three months old was his father.

The first film___________ Bruce acted in was made in 1946.

Master Yip Man was the person__________ taught Bruce Kung fu.

Game of Death was the last film___________ Bruce acted in.

which/that

Check the answers

who/that

which/that

which/thatwhich/that

that

that

Ex2. P65 Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.

Who is he?Who is he?

1 Einstein / is / Germany / The country / was born in

The country which / that Einstein was born in is Germany.

2 the theory of relativity( 相对论 ) / The person / developed / Einstein / is

The person who / that developed the theory of relativity is Einstein.

Practice:

3 Maths and Physics （ [‘fiziks]n. 物理学 )

/ The subjects / Einstein / studied / were

The subjects which / that Einstein studied were Maths and Physics.

4 worked with / Einstein / very much / The scientists / admired him

The scientists who / that worked with Einstein admired him very much.

5 The award / was / Einstein / the Nobel Prize / received

The award which / that Einstein received was the Nobel Prize.

6 Einstein / The equation （ [i‘kwei n]n.ʃə 方程式，等式 ) / is / E=mc2 / worked out

The equation which / that Einstein worked out is E=mc2.

7 the university （ [,ju:ni‘v :siti]ə n. 大学） / Einstein worked in / after/ he moved to / Princeton University / the USA / was

Princeton University was the university that / which Einstein worked in after he moved to the USA.

8 was / the greatest scientists / Einstein / one of / lived / in the twentieth century

Einstein was one of the greatest scientists who / that lived in the twentieth century.

9 made to / The contribution

（ [,k ntri‘bju: n]n.ɔ ʃə 贡献 ） / Einstein / unique

（ [ju:‘ni:k] adj. 唯一的，独特的） / mod

ern physics / is

The contribution which / that Einstein

made to modern physics is unique.

1. That book that you want it is on the desk.

2. Is this factory that we visited last week?

the oneThis factory is the one that we visited last week.3. He is the person for whom you are looking.

for4. The person to whom you talked is Lily.

The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳： 1 定语从句要避免成分重复 2 定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开

Millie: Hi, Daniel. The computer I bought last year isn’t working properly!Daniel: You should take it back. The people sold it to you should repair it.Millie: OK, I’ll do that tomorrow. What are you doing now?

that

which

who

who/that

Practice

Daniel: I’m looking at a website about Bruce Lee, my favourite actor. Millie: Oh, he was the actor very good at kung fu. He was one of the famous people Mr Wu mentioned yesterday.Daniel: Yes. I think he’s great. His films were very successful and are still popular today. Have you found the information about famous people you can use for the presentation?

who / that was

which

was

who / that

whowhich/that

Millie: I’m looking for information about

famous scientists. Do you know the

famous American scientist

invented over 1,000 things?

Daniel: Do you mean Thomas Edison?

Millie: Yes. He invented the light bulb

brings light to nearly

every home in the world.

whichwho/that

which / that

Daniel: That’s amazing. Did you find out

about other scientists you

can talk about ?

Millie: Yes, I did. Have you heard of the

person worked out E=mc2 ？ Daniel: Yes, I have. That’s Albert Einstein.

He was the great scientist

which

which

had funny hair.

who / that

who / that

who / that had funny hair.

归纳： that, 即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which, 指物，作主语或宾语。 who, whom 指人 ,who 作主语 ,whom 作宾语。that,which,whom 在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly.2) The car _______________________ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students ________________ don’t study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman ___________________ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5) He talked happily about the men and books______________ interested him greatly in the school.

which/thatwhich/that/

who/that

whom/that/

that

关系代词引导的定语从句：Complete the following sentences:1. Is this the school _____________ you visited last year?Is this school ______ _____ you visited last year?2. He is one of the students who _____ good at maths.He is the only one of the students who _____ goodat maths.3. The girl _____ I think was honest lied to me.The girl ______ I think to be honest lied to me.4. China is no longer _______ she was 10 years ago.China is no longer the country ______ she was 10years ago.

(that/which)

the oneare

is

whowhom

whatthat

Join two sentences into one: The boy is my brother. He helped me.1. The boy who helped me is my brother. The film is interesting. They saw it last night. 2. The film they saw last night is interesting.

The students will not pass the exam. They don’t work hard.3.The students who don’t work hard will not pass the exam.

Play a game:

Mother Teresa Pele

Bruce LeeFather of Hybrid Rice ['haibrid]

Thomas Edison

DiscussionDiscussion• What is the person famous for?What is the person famous for?• How has he/she helped China?How has he/she helped China?• How has he/she helped society?How has he/she helped society?

李阳 李阳

翟志刚 翟志刚 张衡 张衡

祖冲之祖冲之

1. On the 20th July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.

2. There are reports that say Neil Arm strong and Aldrin saw alien spacecraft when they were on the moon.

3. It is said that Neil Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control which said that two huge, strange objects landed near them and were watching them.

Defining relative clauses ( 定语从句 )

1.Neil Armstrong is the person who walked on the moon.

4.There are reports that say Armstrong and Aldrin saw the alien spacecraft.

3.It is said that Neil Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control which said that two huge, strange objects landed near them and were watching them.

Discussion ：

2.The boy that is standing by the flowers is Da Bao.

当先行词是人时，定语从句的引导词可以用 ________ 或 ________ ；当先行词是物时，定语从句的引导词可以用 ________ 或 ________ 。

who that

which that

Reading:

1 He’s the person who discovered America.

2 Tell me the person who you want to write about.

3 I believe that he’s the best football player that I’ve ever known.

4 Have you found the information which you need for your article?

1 Which great person have you decided to write about?

2 Do you think that he’s the greatest explorer in the world?

who discovered America

who you want to write about

that I’ve ever known

which you need for your article

简单句

宾语从句

Work out the rule

A defining relative clause identifies ( 修饰 ) the _______ before it. We can use _________, _______ or _______ in defining relative clauses.

Lincoln made a wonderful speecha wonderful speech which inspired people a lot.

The greatest thing that Lincoln did was to end slavery.

Abraham Lincoln was a president of the USA who was

murdered in Washington D.C..

noun whowhich

that

The noun before the clause is called an antecedent ( 先行词 ).

‘Who’ ‘which’ and ‘that’ are called relative pronouns( 关系代词 ).

Ex5. Group work.

Describe one great person in your opinion.

Try to use relative clauses correctly as many as possible.

Others will guess who you are talking about.

Famous sayings to share with you!

1. He that travels far knows much. 行万里者 , 见多识广。

2. He that gains time gains all things. 谁赢得时间，谁就赢得一切。

3. Opportunity and luck always shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling.

机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。

4. Those who make most people happy are the happiest in the world. ─Karl Marx

能使大多数人幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人。

1. Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possible.

2. Armstrong became the first human that walked on the moon.

3. It is said that Neil Armstrong sent a message to Mission Control which said that two huge, strange objects landed near them and were watching them.

4. The most important award that Armstrong got for his service was the Medal of Freedom.

Self-observation

B. Relative pronouns. （关系代词）

先行词 关系代词

先行词是物时，下列情况关系代词只能用 that 而不用 which ：

1 、当先行词被序数词或 the last 修饰时；

2 、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；

3 、当先行词被 the only, the very, the same 修饰时；

4 、当先行词被 all, little, much, no, none 等词修饰时；

6 、当先行词为不定代词时。

5 、当先行词是两个并列的既有人又有物的词时；

Pay attention:

Homework:

Which great person have you decided to write about? Please find more information about him/her , and then try to write about him/her . You can try to use the defining relative clauses in your articles.