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Grammar Clinic Cards Online

Last update: September 22, 2015

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LEADER 4 GRAMMAR CLINIC CARDS

INDEX

Card 1_01

Present perfect x simple past

Simple Past / Present Perfect / Present Perfect

Continuous

Card 1_02 Present Perfect x Simple Past

Card 1_03 Simple Past x Present Perfect

Card 1_04 Present Perfect x Simple Past

Card 1_05 Simple Past x Present Perfect

Card 2_01

Present perfect continuous

Present Perfect Continuous

Card 2_02 Present Perfect Continuous


Card 2_04 Mixed Verb Tenses



Card 2_07 Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous

Card 2_08 Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous

Card 3_01

MAKE / LET sbd DO sth

Make x Let

Card 3_02 Make x Let




Card 4_01

Third conditional

Second Conditional (review)

Card 4_02 Wish

Card 4_03 Wish

Card 4_04 Wish

Card 4_05 Wish

Card 4_06 Wish

Card 4_07 Conditionals

Card 4_08 Third Conditional









Card 5_01

Gerunds or infinitive

Gerund or Infinitive

Card 5_02 Gerund or Infinitive

Card 5_03 Gerund or Infinitive

Card 6_01 Gerunds after prepositions Gerund or Infinitive

Card 7_01

(too) much/many/few/little

Quantifiers

Card 7_02 Quantifiers and Intensifiers

Card 7_03 Quantifiers

Card 8_01

A / an / the / no article

The

Card 8_02 Articles

Card 8_03 Articles

Card 8_04 Articles

Card 8_05 Articles

Card 8_05 Articles




Card 9_01

Reported statements and questions

Reported Speech

Card 9_02 Reported Speech



Card 10_01

Reported commands

Commands in Reported Speech

Card 10_02 Commands/Advice in Reported Speech


Card 11_01

Passive all tenses

Passive or Active?

Card 11_02 Passive Voice (Present & Past)

Card 11_03 Active vs. Passive in the Past

Card 11_04 Active vs. Passive in the Past

Card 11_05 Passive vs. Active Voice

Card 11_06 Passive Voice








Card 12_01

Passive present and past

Simple Past Passive





Card 12_06 Active vs. Passive

Card 12_07 Simple Present Passive

Card 12_08 Present Tense Passive

Card 12_09 Present Passive

Card 12_10 Present Passive

Card 12_11 Passive x Active

Card 12_12 Passive Voice with Simple Past







Card 13_01

Defining and non-defining clauses

Relative Clauses

Card 13_02 Relative Clauses with “WHO”

Card 13_03 Relative Clauses



Card 13_06 Subject Relative Clauses




Card 13_10 Relative Pronouns and Clauses

Card 13_11 Relative Clauses and Pronouns

Card 14_01 Tag questions Tag questions

Card 14_02 Tag questions

Card 14_03 Tag questions




Card 15_01

Indirect questions

Questions within Sentences

Card 15_02 “WH-” Clauses

Card 15_03 Questions within Sentences

Card 15_04 Indirect Questions / Statements

Card 15_05 Indirect Questions

Card 15_06 Indirect Statements





Card 15_11 Embedded Questions





Card 16_01

Enough

Enough: meaning and form

Card 16_02 Enough

Card 16_03 Enough

Card 16_04 Enough x Too




LEADER 4 – Card 1_01

SIMPLE PAST / PRESENT PERFECT/

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Direction: Ask and answer questions using WHEN, HOW LONG, and HOW MANY

according to the information given.

What the person is doing now Started How many

1. Amy is reading a book. 8:30 a.m. 30 pages

2. Don is listening to records. 9:00 a.m. 5 records

3. Ed and Ann are writing a book. 2000 500 pages

4. Tom and Pat are making

cookies.

9:30 a.m. 3 dozen cookies

Example:

1. a. When did she start reading? At 8:30 this morning.

b. How long has she been reading? ,Since 8:30.

c. How many pages has she read? Thirty pages.

2. a. When ? .

b. How long ? .

c. How many ? .

3. a. When ? .

b. How long ? .

c. How many ? .

4. a. When ? .

b. How long ? .

c. How many ? .





SIMPLE PAST / PRESENT PERFECT/


ANSWER KEY:

2.a. When did he start listening to records? At 9: a.m..

b. How long has he been listening to records? Since 9:00 AM.

c. How many records has he listened to? Five records.

3. a. When did they start writing a book? In 2000.

b. How long have they been writing a book? Since 2000.

c. How many pages have they written? 500 pages.

4. a. When did they start making cookies? At 9:30.

b. How long have they been making cookies? Since 9:30.

c. How many cookies have they made? 3 dozen cookies.





PRESENT PERFECT X SIMPLE PAST

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb tense.

Situation: Leo was leaving school when Vera called him.

Leo: Hello, Vera. I

Bob.

(1) just (1) (leave) the literature class and I (2) (see)

Vera: That’s very strange. He (3)__ (wake up) very early this morning in order to go to

the lit class.

Leo: By the way, it was a very interesting class. The teacher (4) (read) some short

stories. I especially like the one written by Andersen. He

fairy tales which are very famous nowadays.

(5) (write) some

Vera: Are you talking about Hans Christian Andersen? He (6)

Portuguese Duck. (develop) the

Leo: Yeah. The story is called In the Duck Yard. Mary, the teacher,

how important it is when a story has a moral.

(7) (explain)

Vera: (8) you (8) (see) Dick today yet?

Leo: No, I (9) . Why?

Vera: Maybe he knows where Bob is.

Leo: I will check if I can find him. I need to go to the restaurant as soon as possible

because my mother (10)

Vera: Ok. Thanks a lot, Leo.

(invite) some old friends to have lunch today.

Leo: You’re welcome. And before I forget, let me tell you that Rose’s baby

born) on Monday.

Vera: Really? What great news! I’ll call her. Bye.

Leo: Bye-bye.

(11) (be





PRESENT PERFECT X SIMPLE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1. have just left

2. have not seen

3. woke up

4. read

5. wrote

6. developed

7. explained

8. Have you seen

9. haven’t

10.has invited

11.was born





SIMPLE PAST x PRESENT PERFECT

Directions: Complete the text below with Present Perfect or Past Simple.

Situation: A man is telling a story about his old professor.

The old professor

Some years ago, I (1)__ (meet) an old professor of mine. Sixteen years had

passed since I last saw him at the university. We used to be very close friends. Since I

graduated from the journalism course, I (2) (work) for sixteen years as a sports writer.

This old man (3)__ (teach) me so many things at the university. Since I (4) (meet)

him again, I (5)__ (go) to his house every Tuesdays. He (6)__ (teach) me a lot of

things about life, like not to be afraid of our own feelings, not to be afraid of dying. He is

really a great man!

All the things I (7)__ (learn) with him are very useful in my life. I (8)

(apply) them in my daily routine, in my way of thinking and in my relationships. Once, he

(9) (tell) me that “when you learn how to live, you learn how to die.” This means that

we have to have fulfilling experiences in our lives, and then we will know what each one is

like and then we will be able to die peacefully. Well, some days ago I (10)__ (get) a

phone call from his wife, she (11) (say) he had just died. It was very shocking to me.

But I can just think of all the things he (12)__ (teach) me and keep them with me.






ANSWER KEY:

1. met

2. have worked

3. taught

4. met

5. have gone

6. has taught

7. have learned

8. have applied

9. told

10. got

11. said

12. taught





PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST

Peggy and Bill are talking about their vacations and things they have done. Complete the

conversations with the correct form of the verb.

Peggy: Last weekend I (1.go) to the mall and I (2.eat) tuna fish pizza.

Bill: Why _ you (3.ask) for tuna fish pizza?!?! they (4.neg.

have) pepperoni pizza?

Peggy: Yes, but the tuna fish pizza (5.be) very good! you ever (6.try) it?

Anyway, my cousin (7.invite) me to go to her farm next weekend. I

(8.accept) the invitation because I never (9.be) on a farm before.

Bill: you ever (10.ride) a horse?

Peggy: No, I (11.neg. have), but I’m very excited about it.

Bill: How many times you (12.travel) abroad?

Peggy: I (13. be) abroad twice, once to the U.S. and once to Argentina.

Bill: What you (14.do) in Argentina?

Peggy: I (15.go) shopping and I (16.buy) some beautiful sweaters.

Bill: you (17.attend) a skiing competition?

Peggy: Yes, I (18.ski) in Aspen and San Martin.





PRESENT PERFECT x SIMPLE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1. went

2. ate

3. did you ask

4. Didn’t they have

5. was

6. Have you ever tried

7. has invited

8. have accepted

9. have never been

10. Have you ever ridden

11. haven’t

12. have you traveled

13. have been

14. did do

15. went

16. bought

17. Have you attended

18. have skied






Directions: Fill in the blanks with the verbs from the box.

Situation: A world traveler is telling us about his trips.

LEARNED HAVE MISSED

HAVE ALSO BEEN HAVE ALREADY VISITED

TRAVELED WENT

LEARNED TAUGHT

HAVE ALREADY TRAVELED VISITED

HAVE PLANED

I (1) many countries. Three years ago, I (2)

to India. It’s a very strange country. Their culture is totally different from ours. The people

are amazing! I (3) a lot of things with them. They are very religious.

They (4) me how to cook their food and how to make their handcraft.

Since I left India, I (5) them very much. I really like that country.

I (6) to Japan. The Japanese are also good people. They are

smart, intelligent and disciplined. I also learned a lot with them – things like respecting the

differences between people, religions and faiths.

I (7) to the USA, Canada, England and to Australia. Australia

is fascinating. When I (8) to Sydney last year, I (9) the

Opera House. It’s a terrific place! Well, I need to decide where I’m going to next. I

(10) to go to China this year. I hope I can do it!






ANSWER KEY:

1. have already visited

2. went / traveled

3. learned

4. taught

5. have missed

6. have also been / have already traveled

7. have already traveled / have also been

8. traveled / went

9. visited

10.have planned






What have you been doing lately?

I’ve been living here for almost two months.

My wife has been working at the hospital since December.

She’s also been writing a book in her spare time.

The present perfect and the present perfect continuous are often interchangeable. However,

in some cases the continuous shows that an action is not yet finished. My wife has been writing a book means that she has not yet finished the book. My wife has written a book means that she has finished the book.

Jim and Lorraine Hardy recently moved to Maine. Complete the sentences about what

they have been doing since then. Use the Present Perfect Continuous.

Dear Kevin,

Here’s the latest on Jim and Lorraine. I told you they’ve moved to Maine,

didn’t I ? They’ve been living (1. live) in their new apartment since June. Jim

(2. work) at Ripon National Bank since July, and Lorraine

(3. work) at Memorial Hospital since August. Jim

(4. study) management at night school for the past three months.

He hopes it will get him a promotion at the bank. Lorraine

(5.speak) Spanish. She says she needs it because a lot of the patients don’t speak English.

They found a Sierra Club chapter nearby and they

meetings there, but they say they miss all of us a lot.

Best regards,

(6. go) to

Susan






ANSWER KEY:

1. ’ve been living

2. ’s been working

3. ’s been working

4. ’s been studying

5. ’s been speaking

6. ’ve been going






Directions: Complete the sentences with present perfect continuous using the words

below.

feeling - reading - working - sleeping – cooking

swimming - going - waiting - seeing – studying

1. Who in my bed?

2. I this book all afternoon.

3. They for the test since 5 p.m.

4. My mother hard all day.

5. I for you all day long!

6. Your hair is wet. you ?

7. They each other a lot recently.

8. We to this new café a lot.

9. My sister a little depressed.

10.My grandmother dinner since 4 o’clock.






ANSWER KEY:

1. has been sleeping

2. have been reading.

3. have been studying

4. has been working

5. have been waiting

6. Have/ been swimming?

7. have been seeing

8. have been going

9. has been feeling

10. has been cooking






Directions: Complete the sentences with present perfect continuous.

1. He for over a year. (not/to work)

2. I English for three years. (to study)

3. Jane violin lessons since she was a child. (to take)

4. I well recently. (not/ to feel)

5. They for the bus for 20 minutes. (to wait)

6. My sister too much lately. (to eat)

7. You look great. you out? (to work out)

8. She that picture since last week. (to paint)

9. Your hands are dirty. you the car? (to repair)

10.How long you Crime and Punishment? (to read)






ANSWER KEY:

1. hasn’t been working

2. have been studying

3. has been taking

4. haven’t been feeling


6. has been eating

7. Have/ been working

8. has been painting

9. Have/ been repairing

10. have/ been reading





MIXED VERB TENSES

Complete the sentences below with the verbs in the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Continuous.

1. The children are at the park. They (play) ball for the last two hours, but they don’t seem

to be tired yet.

2. Jim (play) soccer only a couple of times in his life, so he’s not very good at it. He’s

much better at tennis.

3. Don’t you think we should wake up Janice? She (sleep) for almost eleven hours.

4. Tim (sleep) in the downstairs bedroom only once.

5. I (neg., fly) on a plane since last year.

6. Let me think how much longer to Singapore airport. It’s about 9:00. We (fly) for almost

six hours. We should be there in another couple of hours.

7. Virginia is a law student. Since the first day of classes, she (never / miss) any classes.

8. Mary and Janice are always arguing. I (never / understand) why they agreed to be

roommates.

9. I (always / want) to travel to Greece. Maybe next year!

10.Al just introduced me to his sister. Now I (meet) everyone in his family.





MIXED VERB TENSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. have been playing

2. has played

3. has been sleeping

4. has slept

5. haven’t flown

6. have been flying

7. has never missed

8. have never understood

9. have always wanted

10. have met






Complete with the Present Perfect Continuous or Simple Past:

1. I (be) here for so many years!

2. I (be) here up until 2 weeks ago.

3. He (study) French since we got here.

4. She (talk) to him before we got here.

5. We (receive – neg.) any news so far.






ANSWER KEY:

1. have been

2. was

3. has been studying

4. talked

5. haven't received





PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS / PRESENT PERFECT

Choose between the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous.

1. I (play) cards for an hour now and I’m not tired yet.

2. I (see) her many times before. She’s very pretty.

3. They

don’t know all about it.

4. I

(work) on his project for months now. They still

(work) on the project before and

(find out) a lot about it.

5. She (try) to find her glasses. She

(look) everywhere but she

(find) them yet.





PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS / PRESENT PERFECT

ANSWER KEY:

1. have been playing

2. have seen

3. have been working

4. have worked / have found out

5. has been trying / has looked / hasn’t found





PRESENT PERFECT vs PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Directions: Complete the sentences with present perfect or present perfect continuous.

1. How many books he since his best seller? (to

write)

2. We this issue since 8 o’clock. (to discuss)

3. They on their article for months. (to work)

4. The New York Times a study on air pollution on today’s

edition. (to publish)

5. What happened? We for you since lunch. (to wait)

6. you ? Your eyes are red. (to cry)

7. What you lately? (to do)

8. How long she for the bus? (to wait)

9. I’m worried about Sheila. She me since this morning and

it’s already 9 p.m. (not/to call)

10. I

read)

a very interesting book about World War II. (to






ANSWER KEY:

1. has/written

2. have been discussing

3. have been working

4. has published


6. Have/ been crying

7. have/ been doing

8. has/ been waiting

9. hasn’t called

10. have been reading






Directions: Complete the dialogue with present perfect or perfect continuous.

MIKE: Hello? Kate! Where you ? (1. be)

KATE: I around the world. (2. travel)

MIKE: Really? Cool. you to many countries yet? (3.

travel)

KATE: Yes, I to a lot of places. (4. be)

MIKE: How long you ? (5. travel)

KATE: I since April. (6. travel)

MIKE: Nice. you to Italy? (7. be)

KATE: Yes, I have. It’s a beautiful place.

MIKE: What about Greece?

KATE: I there yet. (8. be)

MIKE: you a lot of people? (9. meet)

KATE: Yes, I have. It’s wonderful how you meet people from cultures so different from

ours.






ANSWER KEY:

1. have / been

2. have been traveling

3. Have/ traveled

4. have been

5. have/ been traveling

6. have been traveling

7. have/ been

8. haven’t been

9. Have/ met





MAKE x LET

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb tense.

The dictionary entry below (1) defines which word, MAKE or LET?

(1) ______________ - to allow something to happen or someone to do something by

not doing anything to stop an action or by giving your permission

Look at (2) through (4) below and fill in the blanks with the word you chose to

complete (1) above. Use the appropriate verb tense/form.

I’m pretty sure my boss won’t (2) ______________ me take the day off.

If your husband (3) ______________ you go to the club, he wouldn’t have called

me, asking for you…

Pete (4) ______________ me borrow his new camera whenever I want.

*****

The dictionary entry below (5) defines which word, MAKE or LET?

(5) ______________ - to force someone or something to do something

Look at (6) through (8) below and fill in the blanks with the word you chose to

complete (5) above. Use the appropriate verb tense/form.

Titanic still (6) ______________ me cry.

My mom (7) ______________ me do the dishes after lunch every time I said I didn’t

like the food.

Mr. Grouchman (8) ______________ Rick rewrite his assignment 04 times so far.





MAKE x LET

ANSWER KEY:

1) let

2) let

3) had let

4) lets

5) make

6) makes

7) made

8) has made





MAKE x LET

Look at the pairs of sentences below and, based on the meaning, decide which

word to use in each gap. Use the appropriate verb tense.

(1)

I __________ Calvin play in the garden because he’d been tearing around the house.

I __________ Calvin in the garden because he wanted to play outside.

(2)

Mrs. Wormwood __________ Susy sit down because she was feeling dizzy.

Mrs. Wormwood __________ Susy sit down because she was running around.

(3)

The senior students __________ the freshman use the money collected at the traffic

lights to buy some orange juice.

The senior students __________ the freshman beg for beer money at the traffic

lights.

(4)

The 8th graders __________ the 5

th graders play baseball with the 1

st graders.

The 8th graders __________ the 5

th graders play baseball with them because they had

nobody else to play with.





MAKE x LET

ANSWER KEY:

1) made / let

2) let / made

3) let / made

4) made / let





MAKE x LET

Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with MAKE or LET. Use the appropriate

verb tense/form.

1. Mr. Hardman, please __________ me go home. I’ll work overtime tomorrow.

2. She __________ (neg.) the children sing at home.

3. My gym teacher __________ me do 100 sit-ups this morning.

4. Jennifer __________ us all listen to her break-up story yesterday. I can’t take it

any longer!

5. Don't __________ me explain why you’re grounded all over again!

6. My boss often __________ me work overtime.

7. Don't __________ her in. She’ll kill us!

8. Your co-workers can't __________ you work late. That’s bullying!

9. My dad never __________ me watch TV after 9pm.

10. Hurray! My sister __________ me go to the concert.

11. __________ your wife __________ you hang out with your friends when you

were married?

12. My stepmother __________ me wear only red socks to school today. I hate her!

13. My mother used to __________ me eat vegetables when I was a kid. Now I kind

of like them.





MAKE x LET

ANSWER KEY:

1) let

2) doesn’t let

3) made

4) made

5) make

6) makes

7) let

8) make

9) lets

10) let (or has let)

11) Did / let

12) (has) made

13) Make





MAKE x LET

Read the article below. Which verb goes in all the gaps, MAKE or LET? Use the

appropriate tense/form.

How to ________ Him Want You

Do you want to know how to __________ him want you all the time? You may be

thinking about your man 24/7, but is he doing the same? Learn to mesmerize your

man and __________ him love you and think about you all the time with these

simple tips.

Are you wondering how to __________ him want you more?

The beginning of a new relationship is arguably the best part. The tingly feelings of

butterflies that come with a first meeting can never be replicated.

But can you __________ this last forever? Can you __________ him love you more

with each passing day?

How can you __________ him think about you all the time?

You may catch his eye, but how can you ensure that he’s hooked to you? How can

you __________ him want you, and love you for who you are?

How to __________ him want you

Men are essentially more single-minded than women. Let’s just say they don’t see

things as we do.

Every situation does not have the typical million alternatives in a man’s life.

For him, not calling simply would mean you’re busy, and he’d never think that

you’re not interested.

So your task is to keep him interested, and __________ him want you.

Your weapons? Self confidence and control. Here is your modus operandi to

__________ him love you more, effortlessly.





MAKE x LET

ANSWER KEY:

How to Make Him Want You

Do you want to know how to make him want you all the time? You may be

thinking about your man 24/7, but is he doing the same? Learn to mesmerize your

man and make him love you and think about you all the time with these simple

tips.

Are you wondering how to make him want you more?

The beginning of a new relationship is arguably the best part. The tingly feelings of

butterflies that come with a first meeting can never be replicated.

But can you make this last forever? Can you make him love you more with each

passing day?

How can you make him think about you all the time?

You may catch his eye, but how can you ensure that he’s hooked to you? How can

you make him want you, and love you for who you are?

How to make him want you

Men are essentially more single-minded than women. Let’s just say they don’t see

things as we do.

Every situation does not have the typical million alternatives in a man’s life.

For him, not calling simply would mean you’re busy, and he’d never think that

you’re not interested.

So your task is to keep him interested, and make him want you.

Your weapons? Self confidence and control. Here is your modus operandi to make

him love you more, effortlessly.

For the full article, go to http://www.lovepanky.com/women/how-to-tips-and-guide-for-

women/how-to-make-him-think-about-you

http://www.lovepanky.com/women/how-to-tips-and-guide-for-women/how-to-make-him-think-about-you

http://www.lovepanky.com/women/how-to-tips-and-guide-for-women/how-to-make-him-think-about-you





MAKE x LET

Read the lyrics below. Which verb goes in all the gaps, MAKE or LET? Use the appropriate

tense/form.

___________ Her Cry Lyrics

Hootie & The Blowfish

She sits alone by a lamppost

Trying to find a thought that's escaped her mind

She says “Dad’s the one I love the most

But Stipe1s not far behind”

She never ___________ me in

Only tell me where she's been

When she's had too much to drink

I say that I don't care I just run my hands

Through her dark hair and then I pray to god

You gotta help me fly away

CHORUS

And just...

___________ her cry...if the tears fall down like rain

___________ her sing...if it eases all her pain

___________ her go... ___________ her walk right out on me

And if the sun comes up tomorrow

___________ her be.

(solo)

This morning I woke up alone

Found a note by the phone

Saying “Maybe, maybe I'll be back someday”

I wanted to look for you

You walked in I didn't know just what I should do

So I sat back down and had a beer and felt sorry for myself.

CHORUS

Last night I tried to leave

Cried so much I just

Could not believe

She was the same girl I

Fell in love with long ago

She went in the back to

Get high

I sat down on my couch

And cried

Yelling, “Oh, mama, please, help me!

Won’t you hold my hand.

CHORUS (2x)





MAKE x LET

ANSWER KEY:

1) let

2) lets

3) let

4) let

5) let

6) let

7) let

To check your answer and listen to the song, visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aVHLL5egRY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aVHLL5egRY





SECOND CONDITIONAL

Change the following sentences to form present unreal conditions.

1. If John comes, he will help us.

If John came, he would help us.

2. If she studies hard, she will pass her examinations. 3. If I have the money, I will buy a new car. 4. If I see her, I will give her your message.

5. If you turn out the lights, we will be in the dark. 6. If she saves her money, she will be able to go on a vacation.

7. If the weather is nice, we will go to the beach.

8. If he has time, he will go with us.

9. If they work hard, they will learn English.

10.If you go to Mexico, you will have a lot of practice in speaking Spanish.

11.If John is present, the party will be a success.

12.If we hurry, we can get there by two o’clock.

13.If he works hard, he may get a better job.

14.If I don’t have to study, I will go to the movie with you. 15.If they invite me, I will go with them.

16.If it rains, we won’t go.

17.If they lend me the money, I will be able to go into business right away. 18.If I feel better, I will go with you.

19.If I am not busy, I will be glad to accompany you.





SECOND CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

2. If she studied hard, she would pass her examinations.

3. If I had the money, I would buy a new car.

4. If I saw her, I would give her your message.

5. If you turned off the lights, we would be in the dark. 6. If she saved her money, she would be able to go on a vacation.

7. If the weather were nice, we would go to the beach. 8. If he had time, he would go with us.

9. If they worked hard, they would learn English.

10. If you went to Mexico, you would have a lot of practice in speaking

Spanish.

11. If John were present, the party would be a success.

12. If we hurried, we could get there by two o’clock. 13. If he worked hard, he might get a better job.

14. If I didn’t have to study I would go to the movies with you.

15. If they invited me, I would go with them. 16. If it rained, we wouldn’t go.

17. If they lent me the money, I would be able to go into business right

away.

18. If I felt better, I would go with you.

19. If I were not busy, I would be glad to accompany you.





WISH

Situation: These two people are talking about regrets.

Directions: Complete their dialog.

A: Did you see Linda's children? They are so cute!

B: Yeah! They are beautiful. You know, I wish I 1. (have) children.

A: I wish I 2. (have) time to have children. I wish I

3. (not work) so much.

B: You work too much. You will regret it in the future.

A: Maybe. I wish I 4. (not care) so much about my professional career.

B: I think family is more important than work. My problem is that I'm not good with

children. I wish I 5. (know) how to take care of them.

A: But this is something you will learn with time. I think you should have children.

Otherwise, you will regret it later.





WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. had

2. had

3. didn't work

4. didn't care

5. knew





WISH

Directions: Complete the sentences according to the statements. Follow the example.

Example: I work too much.

I wish I didn't work too much.

1. I don't have time to study.

2. I don't speak French.

3. I can’t go to the beach every weekend.

4. I can’t talk to my friends every day.

5. I’m not tall enough to play basketball.

6. I don’t have a big apartment.

7. My car is old.

8. My boyfriend doesn’t take me to nice restaurants.

9. I can’t swim.

10. I don’t know how to play the piano.

11. My boss is always angry with me.

12. My job isn’t interesting.

13. My dog usually destroys my shoes.

14. My maid doesn’t know how to cook.





WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. I wish I had time to study.

2. I wish I spoke French.

3. I wish I could go to the beach every weekend.

4. I wish I could talk to my friends every day.

5. I wish I were tall enough to play basketball.

6. I wish I had a big apartment.

7. I wish my car were new.

8. I wish my boyfriend took me to nice restaurants.

9. I wish I could swim.

10. I wish I knew how to play the piano.

11. I wish my boss weren’t always angry with me.

12. I wish my job were interesting.

13. I wish my dog didn’t usually destroy my shoes.

14. I wish my maid knew how to cook.





WISH

Directions: Complete the sentences according to the statements. Follow the example.

Example: I said bad things to him.

I wish I hadn't said bad things to him.

1. I fought with my brother.

2. I told you my friend's secret.

3. I lied to my mother.

4. I lost an important document.

5. I went on that horrible date.

6. I forgot to call my best friend on his birthday.

7. I didn’t wear a suit to that job interview.

8. I didn’t write a thank-you note to the people who sent me presents.

9. I didn’t go to Tina’s party last weekend.

10. I didn’t visit my grandmother last Sunday.

11. I didn’t read the book before the exam.

12. I didn’t record the last episode of my favorite TV show.





WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. I wish I hadn't fought with my brother.

2. I wish I hadn't told you my friend's secret.

3. I wish I hadn't lied to my mother.

4. I wish I hadn't lost an important document.

5. I wish I hadn’t gone on that horrible date.

6. I wish I hadn’t forgotten to call my best friend on his birthday.

7. I wish I had worn a suit to that job interview.

8. I wish I had written a thank-you note to the people who sent me presents.

9. I wish I had gone to Tina’s party last weekend.

10. I wish I had visited my grandmother last Sunday.

11. I wish I had read the book before the exam.

12. I wish I had recorded the last episode of my favorite TV show.





WISH

We use the verb wish when we want to express that we want things to be different even if

they will probably not change.

Example:

Paul wishes that he were a millionaire.

Cindy wishes that she had a car. Bob wishes that he were living in Europe.

Looking at the statements above answer the following statements.

1) Is Paul a millionaire?

2) Does Cindy have a car?

3) Is Bob living in Europe?

4) What time period do these sentences refer to?

a) Past

b) Present

c) Future d) Present and Future

e) Present and Past

5) What verb tense is used after the verb wish in these examples?

a) Simple Past

b) Past Progressive

c) Simple Past or Past Progressive

6) Which of the following is incorrect?

a) Robert wishes he were taller.

b) He wishes he were taller.

c) They wish they were taller.

d) I wish I were taller. e) All of the above are correct.

Note: Past Progressive is the same as Past Continuous





WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. No. Paul is not a millionaire, but he would like to be one.

2. No. Cindy does not have a car, but she would like to have one.

3. No. Bob does not live in Europe, but he would like to live there.

4. d) Present and Future

5. c) Simple Past or Past Progressive

6. e) When you use wish and the verb to be in the Simple Past, you always use

were.





WISH

James lives in L.A. and he hates it. He would love to move to New York. Use the key words to write sentences about what James wishes were true.

Example

to be in New York right now

He wishes (that) he were in New York right now.

1. To live in New York

2. L.A. - to be (neg.) - so hot

3. New York - To be (neg.) – exorbitantly expensive

4. To have a free plane ticket to New York

5. To go to school in New York

6. To have a car so that he could drive to New York

7. To be (neg.) – so poor

8. To have a friend to visit in New York

9. To win the lottery and to be rich

10.To move to New York





WISH

ANSWER KEY:

1. He wishes that he lived in New York. (Or He wishes that he were living in New

York)

2. He wishes that L.A. weren’t so hot.

3. He wishes that New York weren’t so exorbitantly expensive.

4. He wishes that he had a free plane ticket to New York.

5. He wishes that he went to school in New York.

6. He wishes that he had a car so that he could drive to New York.

7. He wishes that he weren’t so poor.

8. He wishes that he had a friend to visit in New York.

9. He wishes that he won the lottery and were rich.

10. He wishes that he moved to New York.





CONDITIONALS

Directions: Write a POSSIBLE CONDITIONAL sentence or contrary-to-fact-

conditional sentence about each conversation.

1. Rene: How about going to the movies tonight?

Bob: OK, unless I have too much work to do.

If Bob .

2. Carl: I wish I had more time.

Sharon: Why?

Carl: To travel.

If Carl .

3. Barry: Could you lend me $20?

Bruce: I might be able to later. First Kelly has to pay back the $50 she owes me.

If Kelly .

4. Jenny: Do you actually like riding your bicycle every morning?

Sue: Sure. That’s why I do it. I like it.

If Sue : .

5. Miriam : I wish I could go to the dentist now.

Teli: Why don’t you ?

Miriam: It’s too late, and there’s a lot of traffic.

If .

6. Adriana: Let’s go to Disneyland.

Lori: I can’t go because I don’t have much money.

Adriana: Why don’t you start saving now?

If Lori .





CONDITIONALS

ANSWER KEY:

1. If Bob doesn’t have too much work to do, he’ll go to the movies.

2. If Carl had more time, he’d travel.

3. If Kelly pays Bruce $50 she owes him, he’ll be able to lend Barry $20.

4. If Sue didn’t like riding her bicycle every morning, she wouldn’t do it.

5. If it weren’t too late, Miriam would go to the dentist.

6. If Lori had saved her money, she would be able to go to Disneyland.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

Read the situations and complete them:

1. She was sent to prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she

(pay) the fine, she (not/be) sent to prison.

2. He didn’t tell me that he was a vegetarian till halfway through the meal. If he

more suitable.

(tell) me earlier, I (cook) him something

3. The job is much worse than I expected. If I

it was going to be, I

(not/accept) it.

(realize) how awful

4. It was the drug, not the disease that killed him. He would still be alive today if he

(not/take) that drug.

5. I’m sorry you didn’t tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel. If I

(know), I

(enjoy) the walk.

(bring) my dog. He

6. I overslept. That’s why I’m half an hour late, and if my phone

(not/ring) at nine o’clock, I might still be in bed.

7. The burglar made quite a lot of noise getting into the house, but fortunately for him the

family was watching a noisy TV play. If they

certainly (hear) him.

(play) cards, they

8. You used wet sticks; that’s why the fire took so long to light. If

you (use) dry sticks, it (light) long ago.

9. They voted by a show of hands and decided to go on a strike. But it was by a narrow

margin and I think that if they

(not be) a strike.

(hold) a secret election, there





THIRD CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

1. had paid, wouldn’t have been

2. had told, would have cooked

3. had realized, wouldn’t have accepted

4. hadn’t taken

5. had known, would have brought, would have enjoyed

6. hadn’t rung

7. had been playing, would certainly have heard

8. had used, would have lit

9. had held, wouldn’t have been





CONDITIONALS

Complete the conversations using WOULD / WOULDN’T / WOULD HAVE /

WOULDN’T HAVE

1. A: Do you like Westerns?

B: Yes, I love them.

A: What about going to see one tonight?

B: I (like) to do that, but I’ve got lots of work to do.

2. A: Weren’t you surprised at the raise we got on this month’s salary?

B: Not really. We (be)

percentage with our boss.

, if we hadn’t already discussed the

3. A: I don’t know why he didn’t marry his old girlfriend back home.

B: He (marry)

he was away in the army.

her, but she fell in love with someone else while

4. A: Mother, please don’t try to move that heavy piece of furniture by yourself.

B: I , but no one seems to be willing to help me now.

5. A: Rio is a wonderful city, really. But I wish there weren’t so many thieves there. I

don’t think I would consider living there. What about you?

B: I think I . It’s so nice and I could go to the beach every day!





CONDITIONALS

ANSWER KEY:

1. would like

2. would have been

3. would have married

4. wouldn’t

5. I would





CONDITIONALS

Direction 1: Analyze these examples.

Situation: My car stopped in the middle of heavy traffic last Friday and I had a terrible

time. The fact is:

A) If I had put gas in the car before I left, it wouldn’t have stopped.

B) If I had taken better care of the car and sent it to the repairman, I wouldn’t have gotten

into so much trouble. C) Most of all, if I had listened to my father, I would have traded this car two months ago.

But I didn’t...

Direction 2: Now complete these sentences.

In direction 1 above, in sentences A, B and C.

1. The verb in the “IF” clause is in the tense.

2. The verb in the “MAIN” clause is in the tense.

3. The “TIME” referred to in these sentences is:

a) the present b) the past c) the future

4. This kind of “IF” sentence may be used to about the . So we

can say that we use the (a) tense in the “IF” clause and the (b)_

tense in the main clause to (c) about the (d) .





CONDITIONALS

ANSWER KEY:

1. Past Perfect

2. Perfect Conditional

3. b) the past

4. speculate / past

* * *

a) past perfect

b) perfect conditional

c) speculate

d) past





THIRD CONDITIONAL

Situation: Your cousin Tom has just come over for lunch. He’s telling you some bad

news.

Directions: Combine these pairs of sentences into one sentence using the past unreal

conditional.

Ex.: I got up late. Therefore, I missed the bus.

If I hadn’t gotten up late, I wouldn’t have missed the bus.

1. I missed the bus. Therefore, I was late for work.

2. I was late for work. My boss got angry.

3. My boss got angry. That’s why he shouted at me.

4. He shouted at me. Then I shouted back at him.

5. I shouted back at him. Consequently, I lost my job.

6. I lost my job. Then I didn’t have any money.

7. I didn’t have any money. So I didn’t pay the rent.

8. I got into a lot of trouble. Consequently, I came to see you.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

1. If I hadn’t missed the bus, I wouldn’t have been late for work.

2. If I hadn’t been late for work, my boss wouldn’t have got/gotten angry.

3. If my boss hadn’t got/gotten angry, he wouldn’t have shouted at me.

4. If he hadn’t shouted at me, I wouldn’t have shouted back at him.

5. If I hadn’t shouted back at him, I wouldn’t have lost my job.

6. If I hadn’t lost my job, I would have had some money.

7. If I had had some money, I would have paid the rent.

8. If I hadn’t got/gotten into a lot of trouble, I wouldn’t have come to see you.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

Directions: For each situation write a past unreal conditional sentence.

Note: Some sentences are in the passive voice;

You also may have to change pronouns.

1. I couldn't buy the car because I didn't have any money.

2. Jane didn't lock her car and it was stolen.

3. John went to a party last night and didn't come to work today.

4. It was very cold, so we didn't go to the movies.

5. I forgot my wallet; consequently, we missed the concert.

6. Jack couldn't play football because he was sick.

7. I noticed her errors when I examined the text.

8. Wendy had cut her hair, so I didn't know it was her.

9. No one fed the fish, so they died.

10. The picture wasn't valuable; therefore, we couldn't sell it.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

Possible Answers

1. If I had had the money, I could have bought the car.

2. If Jane had locked her car, it wouldn't have been stolen.

3. If John hadn't gone to a party last night, he would have come to work today.

4. If it hadn't been cold, we would have gone to the movies.

5. If I hadn't forgotten my wallet, we wouldn't have missed the concert.

6. If Jack hadn't been sick, he could have played football.

7. If I hadn't examined the text, I wouldn't have discovered the errors.

8. If Wendy hadn't cut her hair, I would have known it was her.

9. If someone had fed the fish, they wouldn't have died.

10. If the picture had been valuable. we could have sold it.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

Situation: Karl and Susie are talking about their final exams.

Directions: Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses using the past unreal

conditional.

Susie: Hi Karl! Did you do well in your final exams?

Karl: Not so well. I think I flunked Math.

Susie: Oh, that’s too bad! But if you 1. (study) a little bit more, you

2. (not fail) this subject.

Karl: Yes, I know that. But I didn’t have enough time. If I 3. (have)

more time, of course I 4. (be) more dedicated.

Susie: What were you so busy with?

Karl: I was having tennis lessons. I 5.

championship if I 6. (not train) that hard.

(not win) the

Susie: We are going to college next year. You should go over your priorities. If you 7.

(not spend) all that time only playing tennis, I’m sure you

8._ (enter) a great university.

Karl: OK, OK. But what about you? You must have had the highest grades, right?

Susie: Not the highest grades but I did well in all the tests. I studied a lot on the weekend.

If I 9. (go) to that party you invited me to, I 10.

(not study) that much and I 11. (flunk)

this year.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

1. had studied

2. wouldn’t have failed

3. had had

4. would have been

5. wouldn’t have won

6. hadn’t trained

7. hadn’t spent

8. would have entered

9. had gone

10. wouldn’t have studied

11. would have flunked





THIRD CONDITIONAL

Directions: Rewrite the sentences using the past unreal conditional. Follow the example.

EX: Yesterday, I got caught in traffic and I couldn’t watch my favorite soap opera.

If I hadn’t gotten caught in traffic, I could have watched my favorite soap opera.

1. Bob was feeling sick today so he didn’t go to work.

2. Sarah didn’t sleep well last night and she woke up in a bad mood.

3. My sister didn’t take the umbrella and she got completely wet.

4. Sheila got lost when she was going to her friend’s house because she didn’t pay

attention to the directions.

5. Jason couldn’t buy a car because he spent all his money on the trip he made to Boston.

6. Ann arrived late for her History class because her alarm clock didn’t ring at the right

time.

7. Josh didn’t have time to finish his homework because his friends dropped by his house.

8. Alan didn’t go to the gym because he sprained his ankle.

9. Amanda fell off the bike because she was riding too fast.

10.The teacher gave us too much homework so we couldn’t travel on the weekend.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

1. If Bob hadn’t been feeling sick, he would have gone to work.

2. If Sarah had slept well last night, she wouldn’t have woken up in a bad mood.

3. If my sister had taken the umbrella, she wouldn’t have gotten completely wet.

4. Sheila wouldn’t have gotten lost if she had paid attention to the directions.

5. Jason could have bought a new car if he hadn’t spent all his money on the trip

he made to Boston.

6. Ann wouldn’t have arrived late for her History class if her alarm clock had

rung at the right time.

7. Josh would have finished his homework if his friend hadn’t dropped by his

house.

8. Alan would have gone to the gym if he hadn’t sprained his ankle.

9. Amanda wouldn’t have fallen off the bike if she hadn’t been riding too fast.

10. If the teacher hadn’t given us too much homework, we could have traveled on

the weekend.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

Directions: Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses using the past unreal

conditionals.

1. If Kate

part of the presentation.

2. My father

exams.

(arrive) earlier, she

(buy) me a car if I

(not miss) the first

(pass) on the final

3. Carlos (cry) if he (see) this film.

4. If the teacher

(fail) them.

(catch) Tom and Sam cheating on the test, he

5. If I

friends of mine.

6. Laura

(travel) to Rio yesterday, I

(go) to school today if she

(meet) some

(not be) sick.

7. If the director of the company (cancel) the meeting with the Japanese

managers, he (miss) the greatest opportunity of his life.

8. John (win) if he (bet) on the black horse.

9. Cindy (finish) her work earlier if the telephone

(stop) ringing the whole day.

10. I (play) soccer with my friends yesterday if I (not

be) so busy taking care of my kids.





THIRD CONDITIONAL

ANSWER KEY:

1. had arrived / wouldn’t have missed

2. would have bought / had passed

3. would have cried / had seen

4. had caught / would have failed

5. had traveled / would have met

6. would have gone / hadn’t been

7. had canceled / would have missed

8. would have won / had bet

9. would have finished / had stopped

10. would have played / hadn’t been





CONDITIONALS

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the correct tense. Then rewrite the

sentences replacing the if for different expressions (imagine, supposing, assuming...)

1. If you (be) the president of the country, which problem would you

solve first?

2. If your boyfriend/girlfriend (cheat) on you, would you forgive

him/her?

3. If you (see) the students skipping class yesterday, would you

have told the teacher?

4. If a cute and drunk guy/girl (start) flirting with you in a party, would

you turn him/her down?

5. If you (be) late for an important meeting, what excuse would you give

to your boss?

6. If you (win) the lottery some years ago, how would your life be now?

7. If you (be) a famous celebrity, would you enjoy giving autographs?

8. If your flight to New York (book) to right after the September 11

attacks, would you have postpone it?

9. If you (meet) your favorite singer by chance, what would be your reaction?

10.If you (go) to Kevin’s birthday party yesterday, what would you

have bought for him?





CONDITIONALS

ANSWER KEY:

1. were – Imagine you were the president of the country. Which problem would you

solve first?

2. cheated – Assuming your boyfriend/girlfriend cheated on you, would you forgive

him/her?

3. had seen – Supposing you had seen the students skipping class yesterday, would you

have told the teacher?

4. started – Imagine a cute and drunk guy/girl started flirting with you in a party. Would

you turn him/her down?

5. were – Assuming you were late for an important meeting, what excuse would you

give?

6. had won – Suppose you had won the lottery some years ago; how would your life be

now?

7. were – Imagine you were a famous celebrity. Would you enjoy giving autographs?

8. had been booked – Assuming your flight to New York had been booked to right after

the September 11 attacks. Would you have postponed it?

9. were – Supposing you met your favorite singer by chance, what would be your

reaction?

10. had gone – Imagine you had gone to Kevin’s birthday party yesterday. What would

you have bought for him?





GERUND AND INFINITE

Complete the sentences using the gerund or the infinitive (sometimes both are possible)

form of the verbs in brackets:

1. She has practiced (drive) so much that she is pretty good at it now.

2. I hate (wake up) early. If I could, I’d wake up at 11am every day!

3. My friends and I are planning (travel) together in July next year.

4. My parents have offered

independent.

5. It’s necessary

control!

(help) me financially, but I want to be

(tame) traffic in this city. Things are getting out of

6. After what I saw at the party last night, I don’t think I’m interested in

(date) him anymore...

7. We’ve got to finish

tenant is moving in next week.

(paint) the apartment this weekend. The new

8. Albert forgot (lock) the front door again. His house was broken into.

9. Angela keeps on (complain) about her job. She should quit!

10. We wanted (go) to the beach, but the weather was awful.





GERUND AND INFINITE

ANSWER KEY

1. driving

2. waking up/to wake up 3. to travel

4. to help

5. to tame

6. dating 7. painting/to paint

8. to lock

9. complaining

10.to go





GERUND OR INFINITIVE

Complete using the infinitive or the gerund of the verbs:

1. I don’t mind (wake) up early.

2. Bertold has given up (smoke).

3. It’s important_ (continue) the job.

4. No matter how much Ellen tried, she never learned (speak) German.

5. Try (not/come) late, please!

6. (learn) a language requires dedication.

7. It would be nice (see) her.

8. I’m good at (deal) with stressful situations.

9. (argue) in the traffic can be very dangerous.

10. We can’t afford (buy) a new car.






ANSWER KEY

1. Waking

2. Smoking 3. To continue

4. To speak

5. Not to come

6. Learning 7. To see

8. Dealing

9. Arguing

10.To buy






Complete using the infinitive or the gerund of the verbs:

My sister went to college last year. I hope 1._ (go) next year. I´m

planning 2._ (take up) Economics. I would like 3.

(study) at USP or UNICAMP. I can’t afford 4. (pay) a fortune

for my studies. I really need 5._ (pass) the vestibular.

6. (work) and 7. (study) at the same time

is not an easy task, but I’m really keen on 8.

So, I’ll do my best. I’ll try 9.

(get) ahead in life.

(learn) as much as I can. I really

don’t mind 10.

(cope) with a lot of pressure.

My parents keep on 12.

(study) hard, and I’m good at 11.

(tell) me to choose another career, but I

refuse 13.

my idea of happiness!

(accept) that. 14. (work) with numbers is






ANSWER KEY

1. To go

2. To take up

3. To study

4. Paying

5. To pass

6. Working

7. Studying

8. Getting

9. To learn

10. studying

11. Coping

12. Telling

13. To accept

14. working






Directions: Complete the sentences below. Use your own words. Be sure to use either the

gerund (verb + ing) or the infinitive (to + verb) form of the verbs.

1. A: What do you usually do in your free time in the evening?

B: I enjoy .

2. A: I’ve been having a lot of trouble with my Honda the last couple of months. It’s

slowly falling apart. I’m thinking about .

B: I think you need an American car. They’re much better.

3. A:I’ve been working on this math problem for the last half hour, and I still don’t

understand it.

B: Well, don’t give up

again.

. Keep . If at first you don’t succeed, try, try

4. A:What are you planning for the school holidays?

B: First, only the kids planned . But they are so excited about to

Disneyland that I think that Joe and I are going with them.

5. A:I didn’t understand what you said. Would you mind ?

B: Of course not. I said, “Three free trees”.

6. A:Good news! I feel great. I don’t cough anymore, and I don’t run out of breath when I

walk up the hill.

B: Oh?

A:I quit .

B: That’s wonderful! I want that too.

7. A:I’m so happy to see you and Bill getting along well again. How did it happen?

B: He came to my house last week and apologized for .






ANSWER KEY: (Possible answers)

1. I enjoy watching TV, listening to music and reading.

2. ... thinking about selling it or changing it for a BMW.

... need to buy or to get

3. ... give up working

... keep trying

4. ... planned to travel ...

... excited about going ...

5. Would you mind repeating ...

6. I quit smoking.

I want to do that too.

7. . ... apologized for getting angry with me in front of my boss.





QUANTIFIERS

Situation: Jack and Mary are married and they’ve just arrived at home. Both are

starving. They are deciding what to cook for dinner.

Direction: Choose the correct alternatives.

Jack: What do we have to eat?

Mary: We have very little food at home.

Jack: We should go to the supermarket. What can you cook for dinner? I’m starving!

Mary: I can cook (a few / a little) pieces of steak. I think they are (too much / enough).

Jack: Are there any vegetables?

Mary: Yes, there are (many / much) vegetables.

Jack: Is there (a little / a few) french fries in the fridge?

Mary: No, Jack. I told you! There is not (much / a little) food here.

Jack: O.K. We can have (a little / some) hamburgers and vegetables. Is there something

to drink?

Mary: Yes, There is (a carton of / a piece of) juice. It might be (enough / much).





QUANTIFIERS

ANSWER KEY:

Jack: What do we have to eat?

Mary: We have very little food at home.

Jack: We should go to supermarket. What can you cook for dinner? I’m starving!

Mary: I can cook a few pieces of steak. I think they are enough.

Jack: Are there any vegetables?

Mary: Yes, there are many vegetables.

Jack: Is there a few french fries in the fridge?

Mary: No, jack. I told you! There is not much food here.

Jack: O.K. We can have some hamburgers and vegetables. Is there something to drink?

Mary: Yes, There is a carton of juice. It might be enough.





QUANTIFIERS AND INTENSIFIERS

Direction: Complete the sentences with one of the words below.

TOO TOO MUCH TOO MANY ENOUGH

1. Kate ate food because she was very hungry, so now she has a

stomachache.

2. Kate is felling full.

3. Lucy ate bananas.

4. I didn’t eat food at lunchtime.

5. Pete eats slowly; it takes him almost an hour to have lunch.

6. The fried chicken wasn’t filling .

7. Mark talks .

8. I don’t eat pickled foods. They’re salty.

9. I don’t eat fruit. I should eat more!

10.She doesn’t eat carbohydrates.





QUANTIFIERS AND INTENSIFIERS

ANSWER KEY:

1. Kate ate too much food because she was very hungry

2. Kate is felling too full.

3. Lucy ate too many bananas.

4. I didn’t eat enough food at lunchtime.

5. Pete eats too slowly; it takes him almost an hour to have lunch.

6. The fried chicken wasn’t filling enough.

7. Mark talks too much.

8. I don’t eat pickled foods. They’re too salty.

9. I don’t eat enough fruit. I should eat more!

10. She doesn’t eat enough carbohydrates.





QUANTIFIERS

Directions: Complete the sentences with the words below.

too much too many

enough too

a little a few

less fewer

1. I eat junk food and not healthy food. It’s very

unhealthy.

2. I’m feeling full because I ate food for dinner.

3. She is never hungry to eat a whole bag of chips.

4. I ordered fries, so I can’t eat all of them.

5. There are slices of pizza in the microwave.

6. My wife is eating to try to be fit.

7. She is full.

8. Light butter has calories than regular butter.

9. My husband ate all the cake! He eats !

10.I’m feeling a little bit hungry! I didn’t eat at lunchtime.





QUANTIFIERS

ANSWER KEY:

1. I eat too much junk food and not enough healthy food.

2. I’m feeling too full because I ate too much for dinner.

3. She is never hungry enough to eat a whole bag of chips.

4. I ordered too many fries, so I can’t eat all of them.

5. There are a few slices of pizza in the microwave.

6. My wife is eating less to try to be fit.

7. She is too full.

8. Light butter has fewer calories than regular butter.

9. My husband ate all the cake! He eats too much!

10. I’m feeling a little bit hungry! I didn’t eat enough in the lunchtime.




Leader 4 - Card 8_01

THE

Complete the sentences with THE or no article:

1. Do you like soap operas?

2. Do you like soap operas on Rede Globo?

3. My friend loved book I gave her on her birthday.

4. That Italian restaurant serves spaghetti.

5. I only watch World Cup soccer games.

6. My brother loves photographs.

7. photographs we took last vacation haven’t been developed yet.

8. math teacher gave a lot of homework last class.

9. math teachers love homework.

10.Do kangaroos live in Australia?

11. kangaroos in our zoo are very beautiful.

12.I like clothes my boss wears.

13. clothes are very expensive at shopping malls.

14.My friend sells cars.





THE

ANSWER KEY:

1. N/A

2. the

3. the

4. N/A

5. the

6. N/A

7. The

8. the

9. N/A

10. N/A

11. The

12. the

13. N/A

14. N/A





ARTICLES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with “a” or “an.”

Holly goes to college: Part One

Holly is interested in going to 1. university near home.

She lives in 2. quiet neighborhood in Florida.

She is thinking of going to Alligator College but they have 3. ugly

campus and she’d like to study in 4. place that has 5.

attractive campus.

On the other hand, Alligator College has 6. old church at its center

which is quite beautiful.

Another problem with Alligator College is that she would also have to take

7. one-hour trip by train every day to go to college.

She likes Alligator College though because it is 8. informal

university and Holly spent the last four years studying at 9. high school that

was so formal that she even had to wear 10. uniform and take 11.

apple to school for the teacher once a week.





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1. a

2. a

3. an

4. a

5. an

6. an

7. a

8. an

9. a

10. a

11. an





ARTICLES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with “a” or “an.”

Holly goes to college: Part Two

Holly is looking for 1. interesting university, near home, where she

can continue her studies.

She is thinking of going to Alligator College - 2. small university near

her home.

Alligator College has 3. unique philosophy. It is 4. liberal

college with 5. elegant but informal posture to it.

Holly still has 6. year to decide where she wants to go.

She is thinking of majoring in business because she has 7. good head

for numbers and she also has 8. burning ambition for making money.

She is also thinking of getting a minor in French because she knows she has

9. ear for languages.

She knows she has to have 10. SAT* score of 90 % or better to go to

Alligator College so she has to study if she wants to be 11. freshman there

next year.

She is looking forward to having 12. wonderful year.

After she finishes her degree, she is thinking of continuing her studies and getting

13. MBA.

She is also thinking of getting 14. Ph.D. in the future so when she is

older she can retire and just keep teaching.

*SAT – college entrance exam in the United States – a little like the Brazilian vestibular.





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1. an

2. a

3. a

4. a

5. an

6. a

7. a

8. a

9. an

10. an

11. a

12. a

13. an

14. a





ARTICLES

Here are some things that Holly believes in. Fill in the blanks with “a”, “an”, “the” or

“.”

Holly’s Philosophy of Life: Part One

“ 1. Life is too short. Live it fully.”

“ 2. Love is the most important thing in our lives.”

“

waste

3. Time never stops. It is the second most important thing in our lives. Don’t

4. time.”

“ 5. summer love never lasts.”

“If at first you don’t succeed, try 6. second time. But after trying for

7. fifth time, you might consider revising your tactics or giving up.”

“ 8. bird in the hand is better than two birds in the bush. However,

9. bird you catch never sings as nicely as 10. birds in the bush.”

“There are lots of 11. fish in the sea, but 12. fish you like best

may not see you in the middle of so many. Be

will see you and you won’t end up with

13. unique fish, so your fish

14. ugly, old fish.”





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. A

6. a

7. the

8. A

9. the

10. the

11.

12. the

13. a

14. an





ARTICLES

Here are some things that Holly believes in. Fill in the blanks with “a”, “an”, “the” or

“.”

Holly’s Philosophy of Life: Part Two

“Cherish the smell of 1. grass after it rains. Cherish the small things. ”

“ 2. grass is always greener on the other side of the fence.”

“Remember that 3. rose has 4. thorns, so even if

5. rose you are looking at is beautiful, you should not forget 6.

thorns it may have.”

“ 7. Money can’t buy you 8. happiness, but 9.

money you earn can make you happy and proud.”

“Always be 10. honest person, always be 11. humble person.

But if you are proud of something, be humbly, honestly proud. You will not be

12. arrogant person if you are only admitting 13. talents that

you have. It is 14. honest thing to do. A lot of people would like to have

15. special talent. Honor yours.”





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1.

2. The

3. a

4.

5. the

6. the

7.

8.

9. the

10. an

11. a

12. an

13. the

14. an

15. a





ARTICLES

Fill in the blanks with “a”, “an”, “the”, or “”.”

Harold’s Student Exchange Program

Harold is thinking of studying abroad for 1. year. He would like to

go on 2. one-year exchange program to 3. Italy. At the moment,

Harold lives in 4. United States. He chose 5. Italy for many

reasons. The first reason was 6. language. He wants to learn how to speak

7. foreign language, and he likes the way Italian sounds. Harold likes to study

8. languages and Italian is his favorite.

The second reason for choosing 9. Italy is because he wants to live in

10. hot and beautiful place. He doesn’t think they have 11. ugly

towns or cities in Italy so that’s where he would like to go. He’s afraid that if he goes to

another country, he might end up in 12. ugly town somewhere. He also

wanted to study in a country that had 13. older culture or history.

14. culture of 15. Italians is different from 16.

culture of 17. Americans in many ways and Harold thinks he can learn a lot

from this.

Harold thinks 18. life he will lead in Italy will be extremely interesting.

Harold has 19. adventurous nature and he loves to take 20.

trips. He thinks it’s because his mother always says that “ 21. life is too

short.” So this year he wants to study abroad. He thinks he will have 22.

unique experience in 23. Italy. He thinks it will be 24.

experience of a life-time.





ARTICLES

ANSWER KEY:

1. a

2. a

3.

4. the

5.

6. the

7. a

8.

9.

10. a

11.

12. an

13. an 14. The

15. the

16. the

17. the

18. the

19. an

20.

21.

22. a

23.

24. the





REPORTED SPEECH

Directions: Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.

1. “ I love poetry,” she said.

2. “She’s waiting for her mother,” he said.

3. “They traveled yesterday,” he said.

4. “She went away,” she said.

5. “He’s smoking outside,” he said.

6. “I live in Espírito Santo,” she said.

7. “That’s too expensive,” she said.

8. “ I quit smoking,” he said.

9. “I hate that girl,” she said.

10. “Laura is very ugly,” he said.





REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER KEY:

1. She said (that) she loved poetry.

2. He said (that) she was waiting for her mother.

3. He said (that) they had traveled yesterday.

4. She said (that) she had gone away.

5. He said (that) he was smoking outside.

6. She said (that) she lived in Espírito Santo.

7. She said (that) that was too expensive.

8. He said (that) he had quit smoking.

9. She said (that) she hated that girl.

10. He said (that) Laura was very ugly.





REPORTED SPEECH


1. My mother said, “Your sister is at home.”

2. Gina said, “I’m watching TV.”

3. Mary said, “John is feeling tired.”

4. The student said, “ I didn’t have time to do my homework.”

5. Rita said, “I’m turning eighteen.”

6. The secretary said, “You have to sign the letter.”

7. Mandy said, “I’m going to read a book this week.”

8. Michael said, “My mother went to Orlando last week.”

9. Sheila said, “I spent all my money last weekend.”

10. My teacher said, “I was reading your essay last night.”





REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER KEY:

1. My mother said (that) my sister was at home.

2. Gina said (that) she was watching TV.

3. Mary said (that) John was feeling tired.

4. The student said (that) he hadn’t had time to do his homework.

5. Rita said (that) she was turning eighteen.

6. The secretary said (that) I had to sign the letter.

7. Mandy said (that) she was going to read a book that week.

8. Michael said (that) his mother had gone to Orlando the week before.

9. Sheila said (that) she had spent all her money the weekend before.

10. My teacher said (that) she/he had been reading my essay the night before.





REPORTED SPEECH


5. Peter asked, “ Do you want to dance?”

6. She asked, “When did you arrive?”

7. The salesclerk asked, “Can I help you?”

8. The teacher asked, “Did you do your homework?”

5. Rich asked, “What are you doing?”

10.My mother asked, “Did you have lunch?”

11.He asked me, “Are you new here?”

12.Tina asked, “Are you going to the party?”

13.She asked, “Is this book yours?”

10. Jenna asked, “Do you want to go to the movies?”





REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER KEY:

1. Peter asked me if I wanted to dance.

2. She asked me when I had arrived.

3. The salesclerk asked me if she could help me.

4. The teacher asked me if I had done my homework.

5. Rich asked me what I was doing.

6. My mother asked me if I had had lunch.

7. He asked me if I was new there.

8. Tina asked me if I was going to the party.

9. She asked me if that book was mine.

10. Jenna asked me if I wanted to go to the movies.





REPORTED SPEECH

Directions: Match the reports with what was actually said.

1. He promised me that he wouldn’t be late.

2. The salesclerk told me how much it would cost.

3. He complained to me that you were rude.

4. He insisted that I stay a little bit longer.

5. They said they had to go.

a) “It’s $89.00.”

b) “She was so rude!”

c) “I’m afraid we have to leave now.”

d) “I won’t be late.”

e) “It’s early. It’s only nine o’clock.”





REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER KEY:

1. d

2. a

3. b

4. e

5. c





COMMANDS IN REPORTED SPEECH


1. My mother said, “Clean you room.”

2. My grandmother said, “Don’t eat candy before dinner.”

3. Jake said, “Open the window.”

4. My father said, “Be home at 11:00 PM.”

5. Jane said, “Don’t go to the movies.”

6. My aunt said, “Don’t play in the garden.”

7. Charles said, “Meet me at the dance.”

8. The old lady said, “ Don’t open that door.”

9. The teacher said, “ Do your homework.”

10. My boss said, “Don’t be late.”





COMMANDS IN REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER KEY:

1. My mother told me to clean my room.

2. My grandmother told me not to eat candy before dinner.

3. Jake told me to open the window.

4. My father told me to be home at 11:00 PM.

5. Jane told me not to go to the movies.

6. My aunt told me not to play in the garden.

7. Charles told me to meet him at the dance.

8. The old lady told me not to open that door.

9. My teacher told me to do my homework.

10. My boss told me not to be late.





COMMANDS/ADVICE IN REPORTED SPEECH


1. My teacher said, “Write a composition.”

2. My father said, “Help your little sister.”

3. My boss ordered, “Finish your report.”

4. My sister said, “You should buy a new coat.”

5. He asked me, “Will you marry me?”

6. My friend said, “Don’t walk alone after dark.”

7. The doctor advised me, “Don’t smoke.”

8. He instructed me, “Read from page 10 to page 30.”

9. The mother said, “Take good care of my children.”

10. Jane reminded me, “Don’t forget your suitcase.”





COMMANDS/ADVICE IN REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER KEY:

1. My teacher told me to write a composition.

2. My father told me to help my little sister.

3. My boss ordered me to finish my report.

4. My sister advised me to buy a new coat.

5. He asked me to marry him.

6. My friend warned me not to walk alone after dark.

7. The doctor advised me not to smoke.

8. He instructed me to read from page 10 to page 30.

9. The mother said to me to take good care of her children.

10. Jane reminded me not to forget my suitcase.





REPORTED SPEECH


1. “I hate this muggy weather,” Sarah said.

2. “I don’t know how to swim,” said Fred.

3. Gloria said, “I’m traveling tomorrow.”

4. Harry said, “I’m not sleeping now.”

5. Jim said, “Mike came here yesterday.”

6. Tom said, “I never dream.”

7. “Greg is not very tactful,” Polly said.

8. “I think you’re mistaken,” Linda said.

9. “Be more direct,” Alfred said.

10. “Don’t be so blunt,” Mona said.

11. “Bob always ignores people feelings,” said Angela.

12. Kyle said, “I had a thrilling experience last summer.”

13. Pat said, “My mother can be exasperating.”

14. Barbara said, “I saw a heartbreaking scene at the mall.”

15. Dan said, “Women are likely to be more emotional than men.”





REPORTED SPEECH

ANSWER KEY:

1. Sarah said that she hated that muggy weather.

2. Fred said that he didn’t know how to swim.

3. Gloria said that she was traveling the next day.

4. Harry said he was not sleeping then. 5. Jim said that Mike had come here the day before.

6. Tom said that he never dreamed. 7. Polly said that Greg was not very tactful.

8. Linda said that she thought I was mistaken.

9. Alfred told me to be more direct.

10. Mona advised me not to be so blunt.

11. Angela said that Bob always ignored people’s feelings.

12. Kyle said that he had had a thrilling experience the summer before. 13. Pat said that her mother could be exasperating.

14. Barbara said that she had seen a heartbreaking scene at the mall.

15. Dan said that women were likely to be more emotional than men.





PASSIVE OR ACTIVE?

Directions: Complete the following sentences using past passive or active (ex: was/were

built or built):

1. Britain's first escalator (install) in Harrods in 1878.

2. Bullet proof vests, fire escapes, windshield wipers and laser printers

(invent) by women.

3. Actor Arnold Schwarzenegger (buy) the first Hummer

manufactured for civilian use in 1992. The vehicle weighed in at 6,300 lbs and was 7

feet wide. 4. Hungarian brothers George and Laszlo Biro

point pen in 1938.

5. Carbonated soda water

the discoverer of oxygen.

6. In 1984, a Canadian farmer

his cows.

7. In 4000 BC Egypt, men and women

made from the crushed shells of beetles.

(invent) the ball

(invent) in 1767 by Joseph Priestley,

(begin) renting advertising space on

(wear) glitter eye shadow

8. Chewing gum

9. Cocaine

(patent) in 1869 by William Semple.

(sell) to cure sore throat, neuralgia, nervousness,

headaches, colds and sleeplessness in the 1880s.

10. The soldiers of World War I

(be) the first people to use the

modern flushing toilet. The inventor: Thomas Crapper.

11. Townsend Speakman of Philadelphia

(mix) fruit flavor with

soda water in 1807, creating the first flavored soda pop. He called it Nephite Julep.

12. Americans

bad breath.

(spend) over $360 million in 1982 to avoid having





PASSIVE OR ACTIVE?

ANSWER KEY:

1. was installed

2. were invented

3. bought

4. invented

5. was invented

6. began

8. wore

7. was patented

9. was sold

10. were

11. mixed

12. spent





PASSIVE VOICE (PRESENT & PAST)

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the passive using the words in brackets.

1. This is a very popular television program

(Every week / watch / millions of people). .

2. What happens to the car produced in this factory?

(most / export?)

.

1. Mrs. Kelly can’t use her office at the moment.

(it / redecorate) .

2. When I got out of the store my purse wasn’t with me.

(it / stole / shop)

.

3. Margaret is popular.

(she / love / everybody)

.






ANSWER KEY:

1. Every week it is watched by millions of people.

2. Are most of them exported?

3. It is being redecorated.

4. It was stolen in the shop. / It had been stolen in the shop.

5. She is loved by everybody.





ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE IN THE PAST

Directions: Put the sentences in the passive voice. Follow the example.

Example: Gustave Eiffel built the Eiffel Tower.

The Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel.

1. Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet.

2. She served dinner at 7 o’clock tonight.

3. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.

4. Someone stole my car.

5. Someone invited me to a party tonight.

6. Someone told me not to come here.






ANSWER KEY:

1. Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.

2. Dinner was served at 7 o’clock tonight.

3. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

4. My car was stolen.

5. I was invited to a party tonight.

6. I was told not to come here.






Directions: Complete the sentences using the active or the passive voice in the past.

1. My mother (to be born) in 1958.

2. The Statue of Liberty (to complete) in June of 1884.

3. I (to send) an e-mail to my cousin yesterday.

4. My brother (to call) all of his friends this morning.

5. The construction of the Tower of Pisa (to begin) in 1173.

6. I don’t know why Mary is not here. I’m sure she (to invite).

7. An earthquake (to destroy) this city many years ago.

8. Paul (to move) to San Francisco last year.

9. Isabel (to name) after her grandmother.






ANSWER KEY:

1. My mother was born in 1958.

2. The Statue of Liberty was completed in June of 1884.

3. I sent an e-mail to my cousin yesterday.

4. My brother called all of his friends this morning.

5. The construction of the Tower of Pisa began in 1173.

6. I don’t know why Mary is not here. I’m sure she was invited.

7. An earthquake destroyed this city many years ago.

8. Paul moved to San Francisco last year.

9. Isabel was named after her grandmother.





PASSIVE x ACTIVE VOICE

Complete the following story with the passive or active form of the verb.

We have good news at our school. New computers 1._ (buy) last month

and the store 2. (deliver) them yesterday. We have projects for the future

too. Two more courts 3. (build) and the school 4._ (offer)

extra training on basketball and volleyball. Last year Mr. Jenkins, the coach, 5.

(make up) a basketball team with the best students. This year a volleyball

team 6._ (make up) the same way. Our soccer team 7.

(not exist) anymore because the students who 8._ (play) it

9._ (finish) high school and no other students 10. (interest)

in playing soccer. If you 11. (interest), you should talk to Mr. Jenkins

and he 12. (decide) what to do.





PASSIVE x ACTIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. were bought

2. delivered

3. will be built

4. will offer

5. made up

6. will be made up

7. doesn’t exist

8. played

9. finished

10. are interested

11. are interested

12. will decide





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Complete the text below with the appropriate verb tenses.

We (1.have) an old musical instrument. It (2.call) a

clavichord. It (3.make) in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord (4.keep)

in the living-room. It (5.belong) to our family for a long time.

The instrument (6.buy) by my grandmother many years ago. Last month it

(7.damage) by a visitor. She (8.try/play) jazz on it! She

(9.strike) the keys too hard and two of the strings (10.break) . My

father (11.shock) . Now we (12.allow) to touch it. It

(13.repair) by a friend of my father’s.

(Adapted from Alexander, L.G. – Practice and Progress)





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. have

2. is called

3. was made

4. is kept

5. has belonged

6. was bought

7. was damaged

8. tried to play

9. struck

10. were broken

11. was shocked

12. aren’t allowed

13. is being repaired





PASSIVE VOICE

Complete the next with the correct form of the passive.

Ted Robinson has been worried all week. Last Tuesday he received a letter

from the local police. In the letter he (1.ask) to go to the police

station.

Ted wondered why he (2.want) by the police, but he

went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried anymore. At the station he (3.tell)

by a smiling policeman that his bicycle (4.find)

in a small village four hundred miles away. It

now (5.send) to his home by train. Ted

was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because be never

expected his bicycle (6.find) . It (7.steal)

twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen.

(adapted from L. G. Alexander, Practice and Progress)





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. was asked

2. was wanted

3. was told

4. had been found / was found

5. was now being sent

6. to be found

7. was stolen / had been stolen





PASSIVE VOICE

Situation: A reporter is interviewing Dr. Campbell, a specialist in environmental

protection. Respond as Dr. Campbell does.

Ex.: Reporter: Do cars cause any damage?

Dr. Campbell: Yes, a lot of damage is caused by cars.

1) R: Do any trucks use this road?

C: Yes, .

2) R: Are trucks using it now?

C: Yes, .

3) R: Do trucks make much noise?

C: Yes, .

4) R: Are cars destroying our cities?

C: Yes, .

5) R: Is anyone organizing a protest march?

C: Yes, .

6) R: Are the authorities doing anything about the traffic problems?

C: Yes, .





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1) ... this road is used by many trucks.

2) ... it’s being used by trucks now.

3) ...a lot of noise is made by trucks.

4) ...our cities are being destroyed by cars.

5) ...a protest march is being organized,

6) ...a lot of things are being done by the authorities.





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Read the text and fill in the blanks with the passive voice.

Situation: This is a text about a novel by Dan Brown.

“The Da Vinci Code”

One of the greatest worldwide best sellers (1) (past –

write) by Dan Brown: The Da Vinci Code. It (2) (present perfect –

read) by over 40 millions of people. It (3) (present perfect

– translate) into many languages and (4) (present perfect – sell)

in a lot of countries all around the world. It (5) (past – write) by Dan

Brown in 2003 and became a world best seller soon after that.

The novel tells the story of a secret that (6)

(present

perfect – hide) in the works of Leornardo da Vinci. Two characters will try to reveal this

secret that (7) (present perfect – hide) for hundreds of years.

The story in The Da Vinci Code (8) (simple present – tell) in

beautiful landscapes, such as great European castles and cathedrals.





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. was written

2. has been read

3. has been translated

4. has been sold

5. was written

6. has been hidden

7. has been hidden

8. is told





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Read the sentences and decide whether they are Passive (P) or Active Voice

(A).

Situation: Sue and her friends are preparing a party.

1. Sue will throw a party at her house. ( )

2. The dinner will be cooked by Sue and Joy. ( )

3. Joe will take beer and wine. ( )

4. The drinks will be bought at a very good wine cellar downtown. ( )

5. The music CDs will be recorded by Johnny. ( )

6. The apartment will be cleaned by Rose and Jack. ( )

7. The party will begin at 9 P.M. ( )

8. The desert will be prepared by Mary. ( )

9. Mary will be given a gift. ( )

10.They will have a lot of fun. ( )





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. A

2. P

3. A

4. P

5. P

6. P

7. A

8. P

9. P

10.A





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Read the sentences and put them into the passive voice.

Situation: These are some pieces of information about two worldwide known companies.

1. Ford has produced over 20 millions cars this year.

2. They have released more than 20 new models of cars around the world in the last 10

years.

3. Ford has produced and sold cars in Brazil since 1919.

4. Ford has built four factories in Brazil during this time.

5. They have employed thousands of Brazilians workers.

6. Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft in 1975.

7. Microsoft has produced a great variety of software.

8. Microsoft created Windows, Office and MSN.

9. Microsoft also created the famous game “Age of Empires.”

10.In January, 2007, Microsoft released MS Windows Vista.





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. Over 20 millions cars have been produced by Ford this year.

2. More than 20 new models of cars have been released by Ford in the past 10

years.

3. Cars have been produced and sold by Ford in Brazil since 1919.

4. Four factories have been built in Brazil during this time.

5. Thousands of Brazilians workers have been employed by Ford.

6. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in 1975.

7. A great variety of software has been produced by Microsoft.

8. Windows, Office and MSN were created by Microsoft.

9. The famous game “Age of Empires” was also created by Microsoft.

10. MS Windows Vista was released by Microsoft in January, 2007.





PASSIVE VOICE

In English the subject of a sentence usually has more emphasis than the object.

Compare these two sentences:

Buses are repaired in this garage (PASSIVE)

Mechanics repair buses in this garage. (ACTIVE)

If you want to focus attention on the buses, use the 1. .

But if you want to focus attention on the mechanics use the 2. .

Read the sentences carefully:

Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942.

This bridge was built in 1942 by prisoners of war.

The newsagent delivers our papers every morning.

Ours papers are delivered every morning.

Workmen are building a new road outside my house.

A new road is being built outside my house.

The headmaster has punished the boy.

The boy has been punished by the headmaster.

Now complete the rule for the formation of the Passive Voice:

Verb 3. + past participle of the main verb

It must be used in the 4. tense of the original sentence, that is the sentence in

the active voice





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. passive

2. active

3. to be

4. same





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Now, it’s your turn. Use the Passive Voice. Don’t mention the agent unless it

seems necessary:

1. A Japanese firm makes these television sets.

2. An earthquake destroyed the town.

3. They haven’t stamped the letter.

4. She didn’t introduce me to her brother.

5. A machine could do this much more easily.

6. Visitors must leave the umbrellas outside.

7. We can’t repair your watch.

8. We have to pick the fruit very early tomorrow morning.

9. The police are watching my house.

10. Someone broke into his house and stole a lot of things.

11. We have warned you.

12. The examiner will read the passage three times.





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. These TV sets are made by a Japanese firm.

2. The town was destroyed by an earthquake.

3. The letter hasn’t been stamped.

4. I wasn’t introduced to her brother.

5. This could be done much more easily by a machine.

6. The umbrellas must be left outside.

7. Your watch can’t be repaired.

8. The fruit has to be picked very early tomorrow morning.

9. My house is being watched by the police.

10. His house was broken into and a lot of things were stolen.

11. You have been warned.

12. The passage will be read three times.





SIMPLE PAST PASSIVE

Directions: Write sentences using the PASSIVE VOICE and the words given.

1. telescope - Galileo - invent

2. Romeo and Juliet - Shakespeare - write

3. camera - Louis Daguerre.- invent

4. 2000 Olympic gold medal - Torben Grael - win

5. the 1812 Overture - Tchaikovsky - compose





SIMPLE PAST PASSIVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. The telescope was invented by Galileo.


3. The camera was invented by Louis Daguerre.

4. The 2000 Olympic gold Medal was won by Torben Grael.

5. The 1812 Overture was composed by Tchaikovsky.






Directions: Complete the blanks with the passive of the verbs.

1. Right now a student trip to the planetarium ____________________ (organize)

by Mrs. Hunt. You can sign up for it at her office.

2. Tom is a very nice boy. He ___________________ (forgot/never) by his

classmates.

3. I was supposed to take a test yesterday, but I

________________________________ (admit not) into the Testing Room.

4. According to a recent survey, out of every dollar an American spends on food,

36 cents _________________________________ (spend) at restaurants.

5. I’m sorry I’m late. I ___________________ (hold up) by the rush hour traffic.

6. According to many scientists, solar energy ___________________ (use)

extensively yet.






ANSWER KEY:

1. is being organized

2. is never forgotten

3. wasn’t admitted

4. are spent

5. was held up

6. isn’t used






Directions: Change the sentences from active to passive.

1. The teacher teaches the students.

The students ________________ ___________________ by the teacher.

2. The teacher taught the students.

The students _____________ _______________ by the teacher.

3. Sue helped Mauricio.

Mauricio _____________ _______________ by Sue.

4. Lori teaches teens and preteens.

Teens and preteens _____________ _______________ by Lori.

5. The doctor treats the patient.

The patient _____________ _______________ by the doctor.






ANSWER KEY:

1. are taught

2. were taught

3. was helped

4. are taught

5. is treated






Directions: Rewrite the headlines as complete sentences, using the PASSIVE in

the PRESENT or in the PAST.

Situation: You’re reading the newspaper. These are the news headlines on the

front page.

1.Valuable painting stolen from the National Gallery.

2. Over 20 homeless killed by the police last month.

3. Scientists discover new planet beyond Pluto.

4. Thieves arrested after robbery.

5. Director forced to resign.

6. Missing boat found off the coast of Africa. Survivors rescued by fishermen.

7. Brazil wins soccer championship.

8. Companies cut all salaries last month.

9. Drought in the Northeast distresses Brazilian people.






ANSWER KEY:

1. A valuable painting was stolen from the National Gallery.

2. Over twenty homeless were killed by the police last month.

3. A new planet is discovered beyond Pluto by scientists.

4. The thieves were arrested after the robbery.

5. The director was forced to resign.

6. The missing boat was found off the coast of Africa. The survivors were

rescued by fishermen.

7. The soccer championship was won by Brazil.

8. All salaries were cut last month.

9. Brazilian people are distressed by the drought in the Northeast.





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Put the sentences in the active voice.

1.The girl was seen for the last time yesterday.

Someone

_____________________________________________________________.

2. America was discovered in 1492.

Columbus

_____________________________________________________________.

3. Hamlet was written in approximately 1602.

Shakespeare

___________________________________________________________.

4. The tests were corrected yesterday.

The teacher

____________________________________________________________.

5. Dinner was prepared hours ago.

Mary

_________________________________________________________________.

6. The letter was sent yesterday.

Someone

______________________________________________________________.





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. Someone saw the girl for the last time yesterday.

2. Columbus discovered America in 1492.

3. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in approximately 1602.

4. The teacher corrected the tests yesterday.

5. Mary prepared dinner hours ago.

6. Someone sent the letter yesterday.





ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE

Directions: Put the verbs in the active or in the passive voice in the past.

1. This subject _________________________ (teach) last class.

2. John _____________________ (study) a lot for the test this morning.

3. The missing girl _____________________ (find) last night.

4. All his money _____________________ (steal).

5. Patrick ____________________ (finish) the book he was reading yesterday.

6. The thief _____________________ (capture) by the police.

7. _________________ you _____________________ (eat) all the chocolate?

8. That beautiful house ______________________ (sell) last week.

9. Did you ___________________ (send) all those letters?

10. Yes, they ______________________ (send).

11. My dog _____________________ (find) on the street.





ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. This subject was taught last class.

2. John studied a lot for the test this morning.

3. The missing girl was found last night.

4. All his money was stolen.

5. Patrick finished the book he was reading yesterday.

6. The thief was captured by the police.

7. Did you eat all the chocolate?

8. That beautiful house was sold last week.

9. Did you send all those letters?

10. Yes, they were sent.

11. My dog was found on the street.





SIMPLE PRESENT PASSIVE

Directions : Use the PASSIVE form of the verbs given to complete this text.

PROCEDURES FOR ELECTING A PRESIDENT

How _____ a president ______ (1.choose) ?

The president of the US ______ (2.elect) every four years. He or she _____

(3.choose) in a nationwide election. Anyone who _____ (4.born) in the US or its

territories, and is over thirty-five years old, is a possible candidate. No one

can be president for more than two terms.

Long before election day, a candidate begins his or her campaign. Speeches

_______ (5.write), issues _______ (6.research) and important people ______

(7.call) to contribute money and support. Finally, the candidate makes a public

announcement. The newspapers ______ (8.tell) that he or she is officially

running for the office of president.

The national election ______ (9.hold) on the Tuesday immediately after the first

Monday in November.





SIMPLE PRESENT PASSIVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. is chosen

2. is elected

3. is chosen

4. is born

5. are written

6. are researched

7. are called

8. are told

9. is held





PRESENT TENSE PASSIVE

Situation: You are preparing dishes.

Directions: Complete the recipes with the passive form of the verbs in parentheses.

(ex: is prepared, are prepared.)

1. Special Tomato Salad

In a large bowl, tomatoes, onions, and cucumbers _________ (a.combine). Olive oil,

vinegar, sugar, garlic, oregano, salt, and pepper _________ (b.mix) together.

Dressing _________ (c.pour) over the tomato mixture. The mixture _________

(d.cover and refrigerate) overnight. Lettuce ___________ (e.arrange) on plates, and

marinated tomato salad ___________ (f. place) on top. Garnish with egg slices and

anchovies.

2. Chicken Cordon Bleu

Each piece of chicken _________ (a.sprinkle) on both sides with salt and pepper.

Two cheese slices and two ham slices _________ (b.place) on top of each breast.

Each breast _________ (c.roll up and secure) with a toothpick. Chicken _________

(d.sprinkle) evenly with bread crumbs. It _________ (e.bake) for 30 to 35 minutes,

or until chicken is no longer pink. It _________ (f.remove) from oven, and 1/2

cheese slice _________ (g.place) on top of each breast. Chicken __________

(h.return) to the oven for 3 to 5 minutes, or until cheese has melted. The toothpicks

__________ (i.remove), and the dish _________ (j.serve) immediately.





PRESENT TENSE PASSIVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. a. are combined

b. are mixed

c. is poured

d. is covered and refrigerated

e. is arranged

f. is placed

2. a. is sprinkled

b. are placed

c. is rolled up and secured

d. is sprinkled

e. is baked

f. is removed

g. is placed

h. is returned

i. are removed

j. is served





PRESENT PASSIVE

Directions: Rewrite the sentences below turning them into passive sentences.

1. People don’t write letters anymore.

____________________________.

2. Somebody reads my newspaper column every morning.

___________________________.

3. They cancel the flights when there’s a storm.

____________________________.

4. Somebody opens the coffee shop every day.

____________________________.

5. My grandmother tells me not to go out alone at night.

____________________________.

6. Somebody washes cars at the car wash every day.

____________________________.

7. My mother serves dinner at 7:00 PM every night.

____________________________.

8. The teacher encourages the children to do their homework.

____________________________.





PRESENT PASSIVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. Letters aren’t written anymore.

2. My newspaper column is read every morning.

3. The flights are cancelled when there’s a storm.

4. The coffee shop is opened every day.

5. I am told not to go out alone at night.

6. Cars are washed at the car wash every day.

7. Dinner is served at 7:00 PM every night.

8. The children are encouraged to do their homework.





PRESENT PASSIVE

Directions: Complete the sentences with the present passive form of the verbs in

parentheses.

1. Jill _________ (like) by everybody.

2. _____ this room _______ (clean) every day?

3. How ____ this word _________ (pronounce)?

4. Many accidents __________ (cause) by careless drivers.

5. What _____ metal ______ (use) for?

6. A cinema is a place where movies __________ (show).

7. How ______ glasses _______ (make) ?

8. The door to the theater _______ (close) at 10:00 PM.

9. Strawberries ________ (dip) in chocolate.

10. Hundreds of people _______ (kill) in the Middle East every day.





PRESENT PASSIVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. is liked

2. Is/ cleaned

3. is/ pronounced

4. are caused

5. is/ used

6. are shown

7. are/ made

8. is closed

9. are dipped

10. are killed





PASSIVE X ACTIVE

Read the sentences below and write P for Passive and A for Active.

1. Rede Globo was founded by Roberto Marinho. _________

2. He founded it when he was in his 60’s. _________

3. It broadcasts a lot of interesting programs. _________

4. Jornal Nacional is transmitted to other countries too. _________

5. Millions of Brazilians watch it every night. _________

6. They also produce many soap operas. _________

7. Many of them are exported. _________

8. One of the most famous soap operas produced by Globo is

“A Escrava Isaura”. _________

9. It was starred by Lucélia Santos. _________

10. Lucélia Santos is known in many countries because of the soap opera._________

11. People in Portugal love Brazilian soap operas. _________

12. Domingão do Faustão has a lot of viewers too_________

13. It is transmitted on Sunday afternoons. _________

14. The program is hosted by Fausto Silva. _________

15. The program has a lot of attractions every week. _________





PASSIVE X ACTIVE

ANSWER KEY:

1. P

2. A

3. A

4. P

5. A

6. A

7. P

8. P

9. P

10. P

11. A

12. A

13. P

14. P

15. A





PASSIVE VOICE WITH SIMPLE PAST

Directions: Rewrite the sentences using the Passive Voice.

Situation: These are the answers given in a TV show:

Did you know that?

1. Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered Brazil.

2. Goya painted “La Maja Desnuda.”

3. Eminem sang “Lose Yourself.”

4. Marie Curie discovered radium.

5. Tom Jobim composed “Garota de Ipanema.”

6. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.

7. Elton John wrote “Blessed.”

8. Jô Soares wrote “O Xangô de Baker Street.”

9. Nicole Kidman won the Oscar in 2003.

10. The Brazilian soccer team won the World Cup in 2002.

11. A lot of people saw “Titanic.”

12. Steven Spielberg directed “Minority Report.”





PASSIVE VOICE WITH SIMPLE PAST

ANSWER KEY:

1. Brazil was discovered by Pedro Álvares Cabral.

2. “La Maja Desnuda “ was painted by Goya.

3. “Lose Yourself” was sung by Eminem.

4. Radium was discovered by Marie Curie.

5. “Garota de Ipanema” was composed by Tom Jobim.

6. The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.

7. “Blessed” was written by Elton John.

8. “O Xangô de Baker Street” was written by Jô Soares.

9. The Oscar was won by Nicole Kidman in 2003.

10. The World Cup was won by the Brazilian soccer team in 2002.

11. “Titanic” was seen by a lot of people.

12. “Minority Report” was directed by Steven Spielberg





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Change these sentences to passive voice.

Ex: They wrote a composition. A composition was written.

1. They raise the poor children with care.

2. They teach their kids responsibility.

3. They always feed the poor kids.

4. They buy their kids clothes.

5. They teach children how to read.

6. They take the kids to school.

7. They show the new kids around the school.

8. They tell the kids right from wrong.

9. They buy the girls flowers.

10. They give the boys balls.





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. The poor children are raised with care.

2. Their kids are taught responsibility.

3. They are always fed.

4. Clothes are bought for their kids.

5. Children are taught how to read.

6. The kids are taken to school.

7. The new kids are shown around the school.

8. The kids are told right from wrong.

9. Flowers are bought for the girls.

10. Balls are given to the boys.





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Make these sentences passive.

Ex: They produce wine in California. Wine is produced in California.

1. They grow corn in Mexico.

2. We usually eat green vegetables before lunch.

3. They grow red cherries in Chile.

4. Brazil manufactures cotton clothes.

5. They speak English in Baby Beef Rubayat Restaurant.

6. They teach Portuguese grammar in our schools.

7. They wore monokinis in Rio de Janeiro some time ago.

8. That good athlete won the difficult competition.

9. Brazil produced a great deal of sugar for exportation.





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. Corn is grown in Mexico.

2. Green vegetables are usually eaten before lunch.

3. Red cherries are grown in Chile.

4. Cotton clothes are manufactured in Brazil.

5. English is spoken in Baby Beef Rubayat Restaurant.

6. Portuguese grammar is taught in our schools.

7. Monokinis were worn in Rio de Janeiro some time ago.

8. The difficult competition was won by that good athlete.

9. A great deal of sugar for exportation was produced in Brazil.





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Write sentences using the Passive Voice.

Situation: You are supposed to give some information to your classmates about

important events that happened in the past.

1. camera – Louis Daguerre (invent)

2. Romeo and Juliet – Shakespeare (write)

3. 1980 Olympic Gold Medal – American Hockey Team (win)

4. Overture of 1812 – Tchaikovsky (compose)

5. cinematograph – Lumière brothers (invent)

6. Brazil – Pedro Álvares Cabral (discover)

7. DOS - Bill Gates (develop)





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. The camera was invented by Louis Daguerre.


3. The 1980 Olympic Gold Medal was won by the American Hockey Team.

4. The Overture of 1812 was composed by Tchaikovsky.

5. The cinematograph was invented by the Lumière brothers.

6. Brazil was discovered by Pedro Álvares Cabral.

7. DOS was developed by Bill Gates.





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Read the sentences and put them into the Passive Voice.

1. They built many factories in England.

________________________________________________________________

2. American soldiers killed many Iraqi soldiers.

________________________________________________________________

3. Over 25 million of people read “The DaVinci Code”.

________________________________________________________________

4. They killed millions of people during the World War II.

________________________________________________________________

5. J.R.R.Tolkien wrote “The Hobbit” and “The Lord of the Rings” trilogy.

________________________________________________________________

6. Rolling Stones sang “Like a Rolling Stone.”

________________________________________________________________

7. They were cleaning the apartment when I arrived.

________________________________________________________________

8. He was fixing the stove when I went downstairs.

________________________________________________________________

9. Oscar Wilde wrote “The Picture of Dorian Gray”

________________________________________________________________

10. My mom was vacuuming the room when I called her.

_______________________________________________________________





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. Many factories were built in England.

2. Many Iraqi soldiers were killed by American soldiers.

3. “The DaVinci Code” was read by over 25 million of people.

4. Millions of people were killed during the World War II.

5. “The Hobbit” and “The Lord of the Rings” trilogy were written by

J.R.R.Tolkien.

6. “Like a Rolling Stone” was sung by “Rolling Stones”

7. The apartment was being cleaned when I arrived.

8. The stove was being fixed (by him) when I went downstairs.

9. “The Picture of Dorian Gray” was written by Oscar Wilde.

10. The room was being vacuumed (by my mom) when I called her.





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Use the information given to write a sentence in the passive voice,

either using Simple Present or Present Continuous.

Ex: Molly / cooking / the dinner

The dinner is being cooked by Molly.

People in Austria / speak / German

German is spoken by people in Austria.

1. Susie / painting / the house

2. Joe / fixing / the fridge

3. Mark / reads / the newspaper every morning

4. Jack / cleaning / the room.

5. Americans / speak / English.

6. Australians / play / cricket

7. Ronald / designing / a project

8. The Chinese / speak / Mandarin

9. Charlie / drawing / a picture

10. Rose / studies / physics on Tuesdays





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

1. The house is being painted by Susie.

2. The fridge is being fixed by Joe.

3. The newspaper is read by Mark every morning.

4. The room is being cleaned by Jack.

5. English is spoken by Americans.

6. Cricket is played by Australians.

7. A project is being designed by Ronald.

8. Mandarin is spoken by the Chinese.

9. A picture is being drawn by Charlie.

10. Physics is studied by Rose on Tuesdays.





PASSIVE VOICE

Directions: Complete the text with the appropriate verb tenses:

I. Professor Colin Campbell (1.be)_____________________ a famous traffic expert.

He (2.believe)________________________ that most of our cities

(3.die)_____________________. “Most of our cities (4.destroy)

____________________ by the motor car”, he (5.say) ________________. At the

moment he (6.interview)_________________________ on television.

II. Now suppose you are Professor Campbell and you will answer the questions

affirmatively using the passive:

1. Do cars cause a lot of damage?

2. Are cars destroying our cities?

3. Do trucks use this road?

4. Are trucks using it now?

5. Do trucks make a lot of noise?

6. Is any truck making that noise now?

7. Is Mrs. Clay organizing a march protest?

8. Are other people helping her?

9. So, traffic causes a lot of problems.

10. Are the police doing something about it?





PASSIVE VOICE

ANSWER KEY:

I.

1. I.

2. is

3. believes

4. are dying

5. are being destroyed

6. is saying / says / said

7. is being interviewed

II.

1. Yes, a lot of damage is caused by cars.

2. Yes, our cities are being destroyed by cars.

3. Yes, this road is used by trucks.

4. Yes, it is being used by trucks now.

5. Yes, a lot of noise is made by trucks.

6. Yes, that noise is being made by a truck now.

7. Yes, a march protest is being organized by Mrs. Clay.

8. Yes, she is being helped by other people.

9. Yes, a lot of problems are caused by traffic.

10. Yes, something is being done by the police.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

Directions: Use the words below to make sentences with "who"

Example: moviegoer/ goes to the movies

A moviegoer is someone who goes to the movies.

or

Someone who goes to the movies is a moviegoer.

1. tailgater/ follows another car too closely

2. couch potato / spends a long time in front of the TV

3. know-it-all/ thinks he knows everything

4. screenwriter/ writes a movie script

5. movie critic/ writes about movies for a newspaper or magazine





RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. A tailgater is someone who follows another car too closely./ Someone who follows

another car too closely is a tailgater.

2. A couch potato is someone who spends a long time in front of the TV./ Someone

who spends a long time in front of the TV is a couch potato.

3. A know-it-all is someone who thinks he knows everything./ Someone who thinks he

knows everything is a know-it-all.

4. A screenwriter is someone who writes a movie script./ Someone who writes a movie

script is a screenwriter.

5. A movie critic is someone who writes about movies for a newspaper or magazine./

Someone who writes about movies for a newspaper or magazine is a movie critic.





RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH "WHO"

Directions: According to the words given, make sentences using “who.” Follow the

example.

Example:

Keanu Reeves is the actor/ plays Neo in The Matrix.

Keanu Reeves is the actor who plays Neo in The Matrix.

1. Leonardo Da Vinci is the painter/ painted Monalisa.

2. J. K. Rowling is the writer/ wrote Harry Potter.

3. Ernest Hemingway was a writer/ won the 1954 Nobel Prize.

4. Charles Darwin was the naturalist/ created the Theory of Evolution.

5. Julia Roberts is the actress/ plays Vivian in Pretty Woman.

6. Dan Brown is the writer/ wrote The Da Vinci Code.

7. Celine Dion is the singer/ sings My Heart Will Go On.





RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH "WHO"

ANSWER KEY:

1. Leonardo Da Vinci is the painter who painted Monalisa.

2. J. K. Rowling is the writer who wrote Harry Potter.

3. Ernest Hemingway was the writer who won the 1954 Nobel Prize.

4. Charles Darwin was the naturalist who created the Theory of Evolution.

5. Julia Roberts is the actress who plays Vivian in Pretty Woman.

6. Dan Brown is the writer who wrote The Da Vinci Code.

7. Celine Dion is the singer who sings My Heart Will Go On.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

Join the sentences. Follow the example.

My mother has a friend. She works for IBM.

My mother has a friend who works for IBM.

1. I have a teacher. She helps me when I have questions.

2. My brother has a car. It breaks down two or three times a month.

3. My sister has a friend. She lives in a large mansion in Jardim Europa.

4. I found this Web site. It has tips on how to lose weight fast.

5. I saw the teacher. I told you about this teacher last week.

6. Sally bought a dog. She loves this dog more than she loves her brother!

7. I work at a company. The company produces car parts.

8. Josh has a piano. He got it from his grandmother.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. I have a teacher who/that helps me when I have questions.

2. My brother has a car which/that breaks down two or three times a month.

3. My sister has a friend who/that lives in a large mansion in Jardim Europa.

4. I found this Web site that/which has tips on how to lose weight fast.

5. I saw the teacher who/that I told you about last week.

6. Sally bought a dog that/which she loves more than she loves her brother!

7. I work at a company that/which produces car parts.

8. Josh has a piano which/that he got from his grandmother.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

Cross out the relative pronoun when it’s not necessary.

1. Charlie is someone that I care about.

2. I have friends who I can tell anything.

3. I work at a firm that hires 200 lawyers.

4. James saw the man who his sister is going to marry next year.

5. Peter got engaged to the woman who he works with.

6. Sue read the book that was written by her sister.

7. Joe read the book that Sue’s sister wrote.

8. Mark lives in the house that used to belong to her parents.

9. Pam bought the ring that she saw at the mall last Saturday.

10.I met my friend at the mall that opened last month.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

Cross the pronouns in the following sentences:

1. that

2. who

4. who

5. who

7. that

9. that





RELATIVE CLAUSES

Are these sentences correct or incorrect? Correct the incorrect ones.

1. Jennifer loves to talk about the things she’s doing.

2. She works at a company that sell computers.

3. She likes the man is her boss now.

4. She thinks her boss is someone which you can trust.

5. Her boss studied at the college that is close to Jennifer’s house.

6. She likes to go out with the people who works in the office with her.

7. Jennifer’s apartment is close to the building that her company just bought.

8. Jennifer just moved to the apartment was her parents’.

9. Jennifer hopes one day she’ll find the man which she will live the rest of her life with.

10.Jennifer has dreams who she hopes will come true in the near future.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. correct

2. that sells

3. the man who is her boss

4. someone who

5. correct

6. people who work

7. correct

8. which / that was her parents’

9. the man who

10. dreams which





SUBJECT RELATIVE CLAUSES

Directions: Write sentences with nondefining clauses according to the model.

Situation: Rose is talking about her extended family.

Model: My oldest uncle is a doctor. He lives in Miami. My oldest uncle, who lives in Miami, is a doctor.

1. My sister-in-law is a famous lawyer. She has blue eyes.

2. Andrew is the only person I know that likes to eat popcorn with chocolate. He is my

cousin.

3. My mother’s sister is a chef. She lived in Paris for three years.

4. My youngest cousin wants to be a dentist. She is a very good student.

5. My father’s brother had a serious case of the flu last year. He is a soccer player.

6. Aunt Gloria likes to swim. She became a teacher last year.

7. My brother-in-law lives in Los Angeles. He was born in Chicago.

8. Uncle John is very creative. He developed the new advertisement for Coke.

9. My grandmother won many awards. She was a writer.

10.My nephew got married in March. He is twenty years old.

11.Annie traveled to Rome some years ago. She’s my favorite cousin.





SUBJECT RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. My sister-in-law, who has blue eyes, is a famous lawyer.

2. Andrew, who is my cousin, is the only person I know that likes to eat

popcorn with chocolate.

3. My mother’s sister, who lived in Paris for three years, is a chef.

4. My youngest cousin, who is a very good student, wants to be a dentist.

5. My father’s brother, who is a soccer player, had a serious case of the flu

last year.

6. Aunt Gloria, who became a teacher last year, likes to swim.

7. My brother-in-law, who was born in Chicago, lives in Los Angeles.

8. Uncle John, who developed the new advertisement for Coke, is very

creative.

9. My grandmother, who was a writer, won many awards.

10. My nephew, who is twenty years old, got married in March.

11. Annie, who is my favorite cousin, traveled to Rome some years ago.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

Directions: Check if the following statements are correct. When they’re wrong, rewrite

them.

Situation: Below we have some news related to entertainment.

1. Tobey Maguire, who plays Spiderman, was born in 1975.

2. Dreamgirls was an expensive movie that won two Oscars.

3. In Shrek The Third, the green guy tries to avoid the royal duties that belongs to his

father-in-law.

4. Justin Chatwin, who is known for War of the Worlds, will act in the up-coming movie

The Invisible.

5. Queen Elizabeth II, who live in London, is the main inspiration for the movie The

Queen.

6. Tom Cruise’s children, that lives with him, say it is embarrassing to have famous

parents.

7. Sandra Bullock, who hasn’t acted recently, is suing a woman who attacked her

husband.

8. Adam Sandler visited some children who suffers from cancer last December.

9. Pamela Anderson, who was married to Tommy Lee, is supposed to be dating David

Binn, another singer.

10. Naomi Campbell has a house in Africa who cost more than $5,000,000.00.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. OK

2. OK

3. Wrong / In Shrek The Third, the green guy tries to avoid the royal duties

that belong to his father-in-law. 4. OK

5. Wrong / Queen Elizabeth II, who lives in London, is the main inspiration

for the movie The Queen.

6. Wrong / Tom Cruise’s children, who live with him, say it is embarrassing

to have famous parents.

7. OK

8. Wrong / Adam Sandler visited some children who suffer from cancer last December.

9. OK

10. Wrong / Naomi Campbell has a house in Africa that/which cost more than

$5,000,000.00.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

Directions: Read the sentences and check if the relative clauses in bold are defining (D)

or nondefining (N).

Situation: Sarah is showing Peter some photos of her adoptive family while she talks

about them.

1. ( ) My biological family, who was very poor, gave me up for adoption.

2. ( ) I was raised by a young couple who lived in Alabama.

3. ( ) My mother, who is a dentist, couldn’t have babies although she always wanted

one.

4. ( ) In this photo you can see my father, who is the one wearing blue shirts.

5. ( ) I have two siblings. The one whose name is Gill studies medicine.

6. ( ) This is the garden that I’ve told you about. It was amazing and unfortunately it

was destroyed by a storm.

7. ( ) Alice is my sister, who is still in high-school. She’s seventeen years old.

8. ( ) Take a look at our farm. It was robbed by a very dangerous outlaw who has been

wanted by the police since the last big escape from the state prison.

9. ( ) And this poodle is our dog, which was bought in France.

10.( ) I am proud of my biological family, who didn’t raise me because they knew

they couldn’t bring me up properly.

11.( ) Gina, that blond girl who is wearing skirts, is one of my favorite friends. I

consider her a part of my family.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. N

2. D

3. N

4. N

5. D

6. D

7. N

8. D

9. N

10.N

11.D





RELATIVE CLAUSES

Directions: Take a look at the sentences and check if the statements about them are true

(T) or false (F).

Situation: George is showing Alexander a photo of his extended family.

Larry, who is wearing blue paints, is my cousin.

My girlfriend, who is a dentist, was not home when we took this

photo.

Our house, which was totally blue, was certainly one of the most beautiful on June

street, which is located near downtown.

1. ( ) In sentence A we could replace who with that.

2. ( ) All the sentences have relative clauses.

3. ( ) In sentence C there are three relative clauses

4. ( ) The relative clause in B is of the nondefining kind.

5. ( ) The second which that appears in sentence C could be replaced with who.

6. ( )There are two nondefining clauses in sentence C.

7. ( ) The pronoun who in sentence A refers to Larry.

8. ( ) The first which in sentence C introduces a defining clause.

9. ( ) When we say that a clause is nondefining it means that it is not necessary to

comprehend the whole sentence. An example would be the relative clause in sentence

A.

10.( ) The second which in sentence C refers to house.





RELATIVE CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. F

2. T

3. F

4. T

5. F

6. T

7. T

8. F

9. T

10.F





RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND CLAUSES

Directions: Check if the information given in parentheses is accurate (OK) or not (X).

Cathy: Have you seen the new science teacher?

Leroy: No, I haven’t. Is he over there with Miss Kate?

Cathy: Yeah. He is the guy who is wearing a pink T-shirt (A. This is a nondefining

clause), near Sarah. Leroy: He seems intelligent, but I hope he is not very strict.

Cathy: He is too young to be strict. Isn’t he cute?

Leroy: Come on, Cathy! Jennifer, who is only 13 (B. The relative pronoun who could be

substituted for that in this clause), is the rudest person at this school. So, this is not

about age.

Cathy: I still think it is. All my neighbors are great, except the guy who lives in the gray

house (C. This is a defining relative clause). He is sixty years old.

Leroy: That’s a mistake. My father, who is very young (D. This is not a relative clause),

is a strict guy while my mother, that is 60 years old (E. The use of the relative

pronoun that in this sentence is wrong.), is really easygoing.

Cathy: OK. You convinced me. What do you think of inviting him to go to the art

museum that recently opened on Dover Street? (F. This is a nondefining relative

clause) Leroy: Are you crazy? He is our teacher, the guy who is responsible for our education (G.

If the clause had that instead of who it would be correct too). He is not like the

friends that go out with us. (H. Here, the relative pronoun refers to friends. That’s

why the verb agrees with the third person plural)

Cathy: I don’t want to talk to you anymore. You’re like Edward, who judges me all the

time (I. This is a defining relative clause). I just want to establish new friendships

that may make me happier (J. It would be wrong to change that for who in this

clause)!





RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

A. X. There must be another guys near Sarah, so the information is important

to distinguish who the new teacher is. It is a defining relative clause.

B. X

C. OK

D. X.

E. OK

F. X This clause is defining the museum.

G. OK

H. OK

I. X. The clause give us extra information about Edward’s personality, so it is

a nondefining relative clause.

J. OK





RELATIVE CLAUSES AND PRONOUNS

Directions: Link each of the affirmatives to a group of statements about the photos.

Situation: These are the photos of Mark’s family.

A. My extended family B. My adoptive family C. My biological mother

Photo A

1. The boy who is standing on the left side is my cousin. His name is Brian.

2. The man who is standing beside Brian is called Mountain. Can you believe it?

3. The girl who is sitting on the ground was raised by my aunt Julia. She was adopted too.

Photo B

1. The girl who is wearing a red blouse is my oldest sister.

2. My mother is blond and she is always afraid of wetting her hair, which is colored at her

hairdresser.

3. Bob, my youngest brother which is wearing a green T-shirt, got a new videogame that is

very difficult to figure out.

Photo C

1. As you can see, my biological mother is blond too.

2. The baby that she is holding is my biological brother.

3. My father, who is not in this photo, died after I was born.

I. This group of sentences presents one without relative clauses.

II. This group has one relative pronoun placed incorrectly.

III. The three relative clauses in this group are defining.





RELATIVE CLAUSES AND PRONOUNS

ANSWE

R KEY:

I.

Ph

oto

C

II.

Ph

oto

B

III.

Ph

oto

A





TAG QUESTIONS

Read the sentences below and choose the correct tag question.

1) You're coming to the party on Saturday, ___?

a. aren't you

b. do you

c. shouldn't you

d. don’t you

2) It wasn't a very pleasant experience, ___?

a. wasn't it

b. didn’t it

c. was it

d. did it

3) Gina is getting mad at Peg, ___?

a. wasn't she

b. isn't she

c. was she

d. is she

4) There's food in the fridge, ___?

a. isn't there

b. isn't it

c. is there

d. is it

5) They don't have to go to school today, ___?

a. don't they

b. are they

c. do they

d. aren’t they




6) The meeting starts at eight o'clock, ___?

a. isn't it

b. doesn't it

c. does it

d. is it

7) There's a mouse in the house, ___?

a. isn't it

b. isn't there

c. aren't there

d. is it

8) Mrs. Smith is dead, ___?

a. isn't she

b. is she

c. wasn't she

d. was she

9) Joan’s husband went on vacation, ___?

a. was he

b. didn't he

c. wasn’t he

d. did he




ANSWERS

1) a

2) c

3) b

4) a

5) c

6) b

7) b

8) a

9) b





TAG QUESTIONS

Use the appropriate tag question in the sentences below.

1) You had been waiting by the phone for five hours when I called you, ______?

2) The backdoor is open, ___________?

3) She’s filled out the form, ___________?

4) Tom’s never been to Britain, ___________?

5) Mom will always love dad, ___________?

6) You wouldn’t lie to me, ___________?

7) You weren’t feeling well last night, ___________?

8) Clive couldn’t keep his hands to himself, ___________?

9) They can’t read or write yet, ___________?

10) This exercise turned out to be easier than you expected, ___________?




ANSWERS

1) hadn’t you?

2) isn’t it?

3) hasn’t she?

4) has he?

5) won’t she?

6) would you?

7) were you?

8) could he?

9) can they?

10) didn’t it?





TAG QUESTIONS

SOME of the tag questions in the sentences below are incorrect. Find the

mistakes and correct them.

1) You’ve never loved before, haven’t you?

2) They wouldn’t let you go, did they?

3) Obama has a daughter, hasn’t he?

4) Jane’s been to Europe before, hasn’t she?

5) There’s a lot of pictures in the book, isn’t it?

6) These parents don’t approve of their decision, do these?

7) This chair is a little weird, isn’t this chair?

8) You can’t wait to finish this activity, don’t you?

9) He’d go out with her again, hadn’t he?

10) You’re not happy with your boss’s decision, are you?




ANSWERS

1) HAVE YOU?

2) WOULD THEY?

3) DOESN’T HE?

4) (CORRECT)

5) ISN’T THERE?

6) DO THEY?

7) ISN’T IT?

8) CAN YOU?

9) WOULDN’T HE?

10) (CORRECT)





QUESTIONS WITHIN SENTENCES

Combine the questions and statements to make new sentences.

ex.: What were the Nazca Lines for? I don't know.

I don't know what the Nazca lines were for.

9. Why were the Nazca lines made? Nobody knows.

10. Will we have the cure for AIDS soon? Scientists don't know.

11. What happened to the dinosaurs? I’d like to know.

12. Will people ever live under the sea? I wonder.

13. Where does Gisele Bündchen live? No one really knows.

14. Where was Freddie Mercury born? I can't remember.

15. Does Sandy have a boyfriend? I have no idea.

16. Is there life on other planets? No one knows.

17. What city is the Bratton Horse in? I don't know.

10. Did Barbra Streisand ever come to Brazil? I don't remember.






ANSWER KEY:

1. Nobody knows why the Nazca lines were made.

2. Scientists don't know if we will have the cure for AIDS soon.

3. I´d like to know what happened to the dinosaurs.

4. I wonder if people will ever live under the sea.

5. No one really knows where Gisele Bündchen lives.

6. I can't remember where Freddie Mercury was born.

7. I have no idea if Sandy has a boyfriend.

8. No one knows if there is life on other planets.

9. I don't know what city the Bratton Horse is in.

10. I don't remember if Barbra Streisand ever came to Brazil.





“WH-” CLAUSES

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct WH word.

1. I have no idea (1) my mother’s maiden name was.

2. I’m not sure (2) he was born. I think it was in 1983.

3. I don’t remember (3) Hilda grew up.

4. I don’t know (4) they broke up.

5. I’m trying to find out (5) her full name is.

6. I’d like to know (6) Yurgen is from.

7. I wonder (7) they met. I think Robin introduced them.

8. I’m not sure (8) they got divorced.

9. I don’t know (9) they met each other. I think it was last year.

10. I want to know (10) he was born. I believe it was in New Hampshire.





“WH-” CLAUSES

ANSWER KEY:

1. what

2. when

3. where

4. why

5. what

6. where

7. how

8. why

9. when

10. where






Directions: Fill in the blanks with “Wh-” words.

1. I know my mother’s maiden name is.

2. I always ask my sister- in- law she and her husband met each other. I want to

hear their history.

3. My stepfather told me he is from.

4. I don’t know Susan’s grandmother got married for the second time. I think it

was in 1996.

5. I want to know my sister didn’t find another boyfriend before she met her

current one.

6. Pricilla forgot to ask her grandparents they grew up.

7. I know my mother’s wedding dress wasn’t white, but I don’t remember color

it was.

8. I don’t know my parents got divorced.






ANSWER KEY:

1. what

2. how

3. where

4. when

5. why

6. where

7. what

8. why





INDIRECT QUESTIONS / STATEMENTS

Change the direct questions into indirect questions or statements. Begin your sentences

with one of the following phrases:

a. Do you have any idea ?

b. Can you tell me ?

c. Could you tell me ?

d. Do you know ? e. I wonder .

f. I’d like to know .

1. When do you study?

2. Who is she waiting for?

3. Why can’t you stay longer?

4. When will Beth arrive?

5. How long have you lived here? 6. Who said that?

7. What can I do for you?

8. What time does the class start? 9. Where is the nearest drugstore?

10. What is he talking about?

11. How long did John live in Rio?

12. Where did she go?

13. Are they going to Canada?

14. Where does she work?

15. How old was Mary when she had the accident?





INDIRECT QUESTIONS / STATEMENTS

ANSWER KEY:

1. . . . when you study ?

2. . . . who she is waiting for ?

3. . . . why you can’t stay longer ?

4. . . . when Beth will arrive ?

5. . . . how long you have lived here ?

6. . . . who said that ?

7. . . . what I can do for you ?

8. . . . what time the class starts ?

9. . . . where the nearest drugstore is ?

10. . . . what he is talking about ?

11. . . . how long John lived in Rio ??

12. . . . where she went ?

13. . . . if they are going to Canada ?

14. . . . where she works ?

15.. . . how old Mary was when she had the accident ?





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Combine the following direct questions with the verbs in parentheses to form indirect

questions or statements.

Ex: JANE: “Where does Paul live?” (tell)

JANE: “Could you tell me where Paul lives?”

1. JIM: What time is it? (know)

2. JAMES: Should I see a doctor? (think)

3. MARY: Can I smoke in here? (tell)

4. MAGALI: When did the plane leave? (know)

5. SUSAN: Why is the school closed? (have any idea)

6. MARGARET: Who does Jim live with? (know)

7. ROSE: Where did your father buy his car? (tell)

8. TOMIKO: How can I call the police station from here? (have any idea)

9. TONY: How many books did Jim lend Mary? (know)

10. SAM: Where has Jane been lately? (wonder)




LEADER 4 – Card 14_ 05

INDIRECT QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

1. JIM: Do you know what time it is?

2. JAMES: Do you think I should see a doctor?

3. MARY: Could you tell me if I can smoke in here?

4. MAGALI: Do you know when the plane left?

5. SUSAN: Do you have any idea why the school is closed?

6. MARGARET: Do you know who Jim lives with?

7. ROSE: Could you tell me where your father bought his car?

8. TOMIKO: Do you have any idea how I can call the police station from

here?

9. TONY: Do you know how many books Jim lent Mary?

10.SAM: I wonder where Jane has been lately.





INDIRECT STATEMENTS

Change each of the following questions to an indirect statement. Begin each one with

the words given.

1. Where is the director’s office? I don’t know.

I do n’t kno w wher e the directo r ’s

office is.

2. Where did Miss Smith go? He wants to know . . .

3. What time is it? I wonder . . . 4. In which file is the letter? Mr. Jones wants to know . . .

5. How much does this cost? I would like to know . . . 6. How is he getting along? The director wants to know . . .

7. When is he leaving for the coast? No one seems to know . . .

8. When will Mr. Smith get back? He asked me . . .

9. What is the price of this book? She said she didn’t know . . .

10. Where is he? Do you know . . .

11. Did he finish his examination? The teacher asked . . . 12. Does he live in Brooklyn? Ask him . . .

13. Where did you put it? I forgot . . .

14. What does it mean? I asked him . . . 15. Where is she going? I don’t know . . .

16. What time is he coming back? He didn’t tell me . . .

17. Where is it? I don’t have any idea . . . 18. Did she take it with her? I really don’t know . . .

19. How well does she speak English? He wants to know . . .

20. Is he coming back today? I’m not sure . . .

21. Where is he going? He didn’t tell anyone . . .

22. Did he return the book? I don’t remember . . .





INDIRECT STATEMENTS

ANSWER KEY:

2. where Miss Smith went.

3. what time it is. 4. in which file the letter is.

5. how much this costs. 6. how he is getting along.

7. when he is leaving for the coast.

8. when Mr. Smith will get back.

9. what the price of the book was.

10. where he is.

11. if he had finished his examination.

12. if he lives in Brooklyn.

13. where I put it.

14. what it meant. 15. where she is going.

16. what time he was coming back.

17. where it is. 18. if she took it with her.

19. how well she speaks English.

20. if he is coming back.

21. where he was going.

22. if he returned the book.





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Directions: Start the sentence with the words given in parentheses.

1. Who built that enormous bridge? (I wonder...)

2. What's Brazil like? (I want to find out...)

3. How do you do it? (Can you tell me ...)

4. What happened to them? (Nobody cares ...)

5. What is it called in English? (I can't remember ....)

6. How important is that meeting to the company? (Can you tell me ...)





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

1. I wonder who built that enormous bridge

2. I want to find out what Brazil is like.

3. Can you tell me how you do it?

4. Nobody cares what happened to them

5. I can’t remember what it is called in English.

6. Can you tell me how important that meeting is to the company?





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Directions: Write indirect questions beginning with the expressions in parentheses.

1. Is she at home? (Do you know)

2. Can you help me? (Do you think)

3. Has she told them? (Do you know)

4. How is she feeling? (Have you heard)

5. Does he understand? (Do you think)

6. What did she say? (Do you know)

7. When does our flight leave? (Do you know)

8. Where is she living now? (Do you know)

9. Can I do that? (Are you sure)

10. Did she send the letter? (Do you know)





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

1. Do you know if she is at home?

2. Do you think you can help me?

3. Do you know if she has told them?

4. Have you heard how she is feeling?

5. Do you think he understands?

6. Do you know what she said?

7. Do you know when our flight leaves?

8. Do you know where she is living now?

9. Are you sure (that) I can do that?

10.Do you know if she sent the letter?





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Directions: Write indirect questions beginning with the expressions in parentheses.

1. Where is the bank? (Could you please tell me)

2. What time the next bus comes? (Can you tell me)

3. Where did Sarah go last night? (Do you know)

4. Where is the nearest supermarket? (Could you please tell me)

5. Why is the Mona Lisa smiling? (Do you know)

6. Who did you speak to earlier? (Could you please tell me)

7. What is the teacher’s name? (Can you tell me)

8. Where are my keys? (Do you know)

9. Where do you live, little girl? (Can you tell me)

10. Why is she here? (Do you know)





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

1. Could you please tell me where the bank is?

2. Can you tell me what time the next bus comes?

3. Do you know where Sarah went last night?

4. Could you please tell me where the nearest supermarket is?

5. Do you know why the Mona Lisa is smiling?

6. Could you please tell me who you spoke to earlier?

7. Can you tell me what the teacher’s name is?

8. Do you know where my keys are?

9. Can you tell me where you live, little girl?

10. Do you know why she is here?





INDIRECT QUESTIONS

Indirect questions or Embedded questions are questions within another statement or

question. They function as noun clauses and as such should generally follow statement, not

question, order.

What time is it?

I know what time is it.

I know what time it is.

Where did she go?

I don't know where did she

go.

I don't know where she

went.

What does he do for a

living?

I wonder what does he do.

I wonder what he does.

Who is she? Can you tell me who is she?

Can you tell me who she is?

(question order)

(Incorrect)

(Statement order: S+ V)

(Question)

(Incorrect)

(Correct)

(Question)

(Incorrect)

(Correct)

(Question)

(Incorrect)

(Correct)

When using adjectives as complements, it is okay to use question order for embedded

questions:

Who's hungry?

I wonder who is hungry. (Question)

(Okay)

In some cases, depending on the focus of the sentence, question order may be used:

Who is the doctor?

I know who the doctor is.

Who is a doctor?

I know who is a doctor (and who is not).





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Situation: Tom is planning to go on tour of Europe. He is talking to his travel agent.

Directions: Complete the sentences using an embedded question.

Tom: Could you tell us

much are the plane tickets?)

Agent: Do you know

do you intend to stay?)

(How

(How long

Tom: We wonder

to stay for 2 weeks?)

Agent: Yes. It’s possible to stay as long as you wish to.

Tom: Could you tell me

are we leaving?)

Agent: The tour group is probably leaving on July, 9th

.

(Is it possible

(When

Tom: Oh! That’s good! Do you have any idea

(How many people are

going?)

Agent: I’m not sure. But there won’t be more than 30.

Tom: Could you tell me

are we coming back?)

(When

Agent: You all are probably coming back at the end of July. Oh! You haven’t told me

yet. (What is your

preferred airline?)

Tom: I like to travel with Air France.

Agent: Could you tell me

is your preferred seat, aisle or window?)

Tom: I prefer window.

Agent: OK. That’s all for now!

(Which





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

Tom: Could you tell me how much the plane tickets are?

Agent: Do you know how long you intend to stay?

Tom: I wonder if it is possible to stay for 2 weeks. Agent: Yes. It’s possible to stay as long as you wish to. Tom: Could you tell me when we are leaving?

Agent: The tour group is probably leaving on July, 9th

.

Tom: Oh! That’s good! Do you have any idea how many people are going?

Agent: I’m not sure. But there won’t be more than 30.

Tom: Could you tell me when we are coming back?

Agent: You are probably coming back at the end of July. Oh! You haven’t

told me what your preferred airline is yet. Tom: I like to travel with Air France.

Agent: Could you tell me which your preferred seat is, aisle or window

seat? Tom: I prefer window.

Agent: OK. That’s all for now!





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Situation: These are questions about Tom’s trip to Europe.

Directions: Match the questions in column A with the embedded questions in column B

and fill in the missing words.

Column A

1. Where has Tom gone?

2. When is Tom coming back from Europe?

3. Why has Tom gone to Europe? 4. Where has he been staying?

5. How many people have gone with him?

6. How big was the apartment he stayed in?

7. How much did it cost?

8. Is he enjoying his trip?

Column B

a. Can you please tell me how much ?

b. Can you please tell me where staying?

c. Could you tell me when back from Europe?

d. Can you tell me how many people with him?

e. Could you tell me how big the apartment ?

f. Could you please tell me why to Europe?

g. Can you tell me where gone?

h. Could you tell me whether his trip or not?





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

1. G – Tom has

2. C – he is coming

3. F – Tom has gone

4. B – he has been

5. D – have gone

6. E – he stayed in was

7. A – it cost

8. H – he is enjoying





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Situation: Mike’s sister is going to London. Mike’s friend is asking him some questions

about his sister’s trip.

Directions: Answer the questions using embedded questions.

1. When is she going to London?

I don’t know .

2. What is she going to do in London?

I don’t know .

3. Will it be a long trip?

I’m not sure . (use whether)

4. How long will she stay in London?

I have no idea .

5. Has she already bought her ticket?

I’m wondering . (use if )

6. Has she booked her room in a hotel?

I’m not sure . (use whether)

7. Is her flight a nonstop flight?

I don’t know . (use if )





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

1. I don’t know when she is going to London.

2. I don’t know what she is going to do in London.

3. I’m not sure whether it will be a long trip or not.

4. I have no idea how long she will stay in London.

5. I’m wondering if she has already bought her tickets.

6. I’m not sure whether she has booked her room in a hotel or not.

7. I don’t know if her flight is a nonstop flight.





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Situation: Joey and Karl want to go to Paris. They want to know how they can get there.

Directions: Complete the dialog by transforming the sentences below into embedded

questions.

a. How do we get to Paris? b. How much are the tickets?

c. How can we buy them? d. What time does the train leave?

e. How long does the trip last? f. What time does the train arrive in

Paris?

Joey: Do you have any idea of (a) ?

Karl: Yeah. I think we should get a train to Paris.

Joey: I’m wondering (b) .

Karl: I don’t think they are expensive. I think we have enough money.

Joey: Do you know (c) ?

Karl: We can buy them at Limousin train station. We should go there as soon as

possible.

Joey: Ah! Do you know (d) ?

Karl: I’m not sure. I think there’s a train leaving at 7pm. Maybe we can get it.

Joey: I’m wondering (e)_ .

Karl: I don’t think it will last too long. We’ll probably be there in 2 hours.

Joey: Can you tell me (f)_ ?

Karl: I’m not sure. We can ask for information when we arrive at the station.

Joey: OK!





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

Joey: Do you have any idea of how we get to Paris?

Karl: Yeah. I think we should get a train to Paris.

Joey: I’m wondering how much the tickets are.

Karl: I don’t think they are expensive. I think we have enough money.

Joey: Do you know how we can buy them?

Karl: We can buy them at Limousin train station. We should go there as soon as

possible.

Joey: Ah! Do you know what time the train leaves?

Karl: I’m not sure. I think there’s a train leaving at 7pm. Maybe we can get it.

Joey: I’m wondering how long the trip lasts.

Karl: I don’t think it will last too long. We’ll probably be there in 2 hours.

Joey: Can you tell me what time the train arrives in Paris?

Karl: I’m not sure. We can ask for information when we arrive at the station.

Joey: OK!





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

Directions: Use one of the sentences of the box to complete the dialog. Make sure you

use embedded question.

Situation: Mrs. Jones called her friend at his office to talk to him. She is asking his

secretary some questions.

Where did he go?

Did he leave a message for me?

When will he be back?

Secretary: Hello?

Mrs. Jones: I’d like to talk to Mr. Thomson.

Secretary: Sorry, he is not in his office.

Mrs. Jones: Can you tell me ?

Secretary: He said he would be back by 5 pm.

Mrs. Jones: Ah, ok! Could you tell me ?

Secretary: I think he went downtown to have a meeting with a customer.

Mrs. Jones: Do you know ? (Use

If)

Secretary: I’m sorry. He didn’t leave any messages.

Mrs. Jones: Ok, then. Thanks a lot.

Secretary: You’re welcome. Have a nice afternoon!





EMBEDDED QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY:

Secretary: Hello?

Mrs. Jones: I’d like to talk to Mr. Thomson.

Secretary: Sorry, he is not in his office.

Mrs. Jones: Can you tell me when he will be back?

Secretary: He said he would be back by 5 pm.

Mrs. Jones: Ah, ok! Could you tell me where he went?

Secretary: I think he went downtown to have a meeting with a customer.

Mrs. Jones: Do you know if he left a message for me?

Secretary: I’m sorry. He didn’t leave any messages.

Mrs. Jones: Ok, then. Thanks a lot.

Secretary: You’re welcome. Have a nice afternoon!





ENOUGH: MEANING AND FORM

Look at the sentences below and circle the alternative that is closest in meaning to the

original sentence.

1) There’s enough food in the fridge for both of us.

a) the amount of food in the fridge is sufficient for you and me;

b) there’s more food in the fridge than is necessary for you and me.

2) His shoes are big enough to fit me.

a) we take the same size shoes, so I can wear them;

b) his shoes are exceptionally large; they won’t fit me.

3) We don’t have enough money to pay our bills this month.

a) we will be able to pay our bills this month;

b) we won’t be able to pay our bills this month.

4) His kids aren’t tall enough to play basketball.

a) his kids aren’t too short to play basketball;

b) his kids are too short to play basketball well.

5) You've worked hard enough. You can take a break.

a) you’re lazy and you need to work more;

b) you can rest now because you’ve worked a lot.

6) I don’t have enough oranges for all of us.

a) I have at least one orange per person;

b) some people aren’t going to get an orange.

You’ve seen that the meaning of (not) enough is the same when we use it with

adjectives and adverbs (big, tall, hard etc) or count/noncount nouns (food, money,

oranges etc), what changes is word order. So, based on the examples above, circle

before or after to complete the rule below:

7) Enough is used (before / after) nouns, but (before / after) adjectives and adverbs.

Now go on to the next cards for some practice.





ENOUGH: MEANING AND FORM

ANSWER KEY:

1) a

2) a

3) b

4) b

5) b

6) b

7) Enough is used before nouns, but after adjectives and adverbs.





ENOUGH

Fill in the blanks using enough and the cues in parenthesis. Attention to word order,

and verb tense/form.

1) Tim can’t help you move the furniture. He ____________ (not be/ strong)

2) Two years ago, Sam couldn’t go to the club with us because she ____________

(not be / old). Now she can!

3) Rich can't pay for his ticket because he ____________ (not / have /money).

4) Of course he can travel alone. He is ____________ (be old) for that.

5) A.) Do you think this dress will fit her?

B.) Sure. It ____________ (be / big).

6) You ____________ (not work / fast); you won't finish on time.

7) The doctors said they won’t admit her to the hospital because she ____________

(not be / ill)! That’s preposterous!

8) We can’t hold the meeting here. We ____________ (not have / chairs) for

everyone.

9) They ____________ (not have / material), so they couldn’t finish their assignment.

10) Our teacher had to come up with a new plan because there ____________

(not be / books) in the library for our research.





ENOUGH

ANSWER KEY:

1) isn’t strong enough

2) wasn’t old enough

3) doesn’t have enough money

4) is old enough

5) is big enough

6) aren’t working fast enough

7) isn’t ill enough

8) don’t have enough chairs

9) didn’t have enough material

10) weren’t enough books





ENOUGH

Decide if the statements below are correct (C) or incorrect (I). If incorrect, use the

space provided to rewrite the sentence.

1) I couldn’t watch the movie to the end. It wasn't enough interesting.

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

2) We can't all get into this small car. It isn't big enough.

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

3) The doctor told me I don’t eat enough fruit.

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

4) They told me I don’t have experience enough for the job.

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

5) There weren’t enough policemen to control the crowd.

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

6) We can’t solve this crime. We don’t have information enough.

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

7) Come on! Let’s go. We don’t have enough time!

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

8) The lady said she couldn’t drink the coffee because it was not hot enough…

( C / I ) _____________________________________________________

9) How could you let him drink that!? He’s not enough old to drink yet!

( C / I ) ____________________________________________________





ENOUGH

ANSWER KEY:

1) ( I ) …interesting enough.

2) ( C )

3) ( C )

4) ( I ) …enough experience…

5) ( C )

6) ( C ) … enough information.

7) ( C )

8) ( C )

9) ( I ) … old enough…





ENOUGH x TOO

Fill in the blanks with enough or too.

1) The old ladies can’t hear the TV. It is not loud _______________.

2) We couldn’t see the stars; the sky wasn’t clear_______________.

3) Her parents didn’t let her marry him. Apparently, he was _______________ poor.

4) I don’t have _______________ time to cook dinner tonight. Let’s get some of

those microwavable lasagnas.

5) I’m _______________ tired to discuss our relationship issues today.

6) Andrew didn’t study hard _______________. That’s why he didn’t pass.

7) Our congressmen are _______________ lazy to work 05 days a week.

8) People died because it was _______________ hot in the disco and there weren’t

_______________ emergency exits.

9) He’s _______________ short to be a police officer.

10) We don’t have _______________ gas to get to the next town. We’ll have to

walk.





ENOUGH x TOO

ANSWER KEY:

1) enough

2) enough

3) too

4) enough

5) too

6) enough

7) too

8) too / enough

9) too

10) enough

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