Grammar 1 Chapter 3

7/27/2019 Grammar 1 Chapter 3

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APresenc perfec-t or past simple?

I r r t rtlritt.'t itrttI-ook ac rhi:::

Sa rn

Now conlperc:Sanr and Kay have bought e nelv car. Sanr-uses rhe prcsellt perfect to tell us abottt thc1',rst arrd the prescnt. They botrglrt tirc car,:ur.l it's tlrcirs ttolv.

W,-' do not use the present pcrfcct rvith phrascs likc ye.;tcrday, Iast wcek, ten )'ears ago.sr o r -{[Jr cyl,e b o ugh t


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C I've been/[ wasComparc:

PI\ESENT PERFEC'TWc rrsc thc prescnt pcrrfcct Ibr a statcrvhich has gonc on up to rlrc prcscllt:ll/c'r,t: lirci lrcrc-f t:r !ttt ycars.(And wc still livc hcrt:.)ffitrx*,#flflH

Here are some nlore exarnples:l've had this bricf,:a:afor apcs.(And I'vc still got it now.)Enma has loued lSali sittce shc-first saw il.(Arrd slrc scill lovcs ic norv.)Have you ever . . .7 /Did you everCr)IllParcl

PRESENT PERFECT'We use the present perfect for acticns in aperiod of cime up to the prcscnt:This yotng producer lrcs madeJourjlns sr)

-fnr.has made ;:Jffi

I'N S'T SIMt'LEWc trJc tltc past sintplc {or I stltc irr tlrc 1'r:tsirr r Pgpiscl rvlriclr is firrislr.':tl:l\/c liyctl thucJrtr tcu ),cttrs.(Wc clon't iivc tlrcrc rror,,,.)

'l':,; livcd .i.'t. ."' '::' .' : - NOW.';.:'.., ., -. ^.---., ::,l.iti"i'ii,*.;,',.i t.L .1i -.. i'( I ; . II ha,{ a bricJcasc orrcc. I dott't krrotv tJ' !.qol if.{:rrtttra loucd Bali tplrctr slrc first s,ttu it .

utr s(i tfi

D )

I{e's madcftlntswill make rnore rncarls that it i:; possiblc hcfil:r-:s.

ITNST SIMPLE'We use the past sirnplc for actions in tlrcpast, a pcriod which is finishcd:'

Tlte prodtrccr tttade 1q15 (,ffilrrts irr his lttttgcarcer,f-i :::*,-.'.'9j..*r.*:trii*;iir ;N'P,rv i',

He nadcflrns nteans that his carccr in filrrr5is over. He won'c make arlv more.My grandparenrs. like d di t:tb i ng. 7'h c yc{inbed this mountaitr nratty tirrtes.Did Clurclill euar go to Atttarica? - No,',(dott't think so.I played volleyball at college.

to tilc prcsent:I'AST STMPLEIt rained yestcrday.Did you see last week's magazinc?

I didn't seeJody' at scltool today.(Thc school day is ovcr.)Did tltc post co,ttc lltis tttorrtittg?(lt is htcr in rlrc dry.)

I:

Here are some more cxamplcs:V/e ii'ke clintbing. lUe'vc clinbed thismountain nuny tlmes.Have you ever been lo Atneica? - Yes,['ve been lhere twice.I've played vollq'bdl befon.

todayl this week ctc.'We use toclay and phrascs lvith tlris for a

PR-ESEN'I' PEI\FECTIt fuastt't raificd lttdev,Hauc 1,ort seui tltis tieek's magazine?

llut note tfrese exampies:I hapcr't seen Jody toda)' .(lt's stilI da1' tinrc.)Has tltc posl cotttc tltis ntontirtg?(lr is still rtroririiig.)

period trp

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ExercisesI have clorre,/I did (A, B)Put in thr: correct verb fornr.D havc done / didl'uciantall the housc,work. 'firc housc is clean.D have bouglrt / boughtA young couplc bolrgrrt rrrc rrotrsc. Bur rr-Lcy didn't rive there lo.g.t have arrived / arrivedOur 'isitors _ . Thcy,re sirrirrg in rhe garden.2 has repaired / ..'pri."J

Susan tlrc tclevision, bur then ir brok: dorvn again.havc lost / lostI __ _ - rny prlrsc. I carr'r fincl it anywhcrc.has starrcd / startcdhas -rrn ,/ ranJoattne away lronr home. But she came back rwo days lare r.6 lras cerncd / clrrrcdJrttnes - solne rnoney last rveek. llur I'rn afraid he's alreaciy spe,r ir all.''7 hrvc 1>larrtcd / plantedwc -- -. a crcc i'r'c glrdcrr. LJrrForturretcry it's dicd.8 have gone / wenr

9 has turrrcd ,/ tlrrncdSotneorre o1 rhe hi-fi. i can hear ir.10 have phoned / phonedI __---- che ofiice at elevr:... Heien isn'r chere11 lrave madc / ntadcI -- a cake. Would you like a piece?tcday, rhey said.

12 has broken / broke'flre ru:lner Amos Temila -Then crvo da1's later in l{elsinki, Lee Wihiams ran'rhe nrile i;r an evcn faster time.I've been/I was (C)Cornpiete thc letcer. Put in tirc prescnt perfcct ()r pasr rirr-rpl" of thc verbs on che rig6r.I o--ras a.ngry and sai to herrr that someon


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Bd#- 3T[r,e s,rn has done . . .,,'fhc fathcr did . . . (D)I\cgirrald was a riclt atrd sltcr:cssfi-rl busirrcss^1a11, but.ow hc's a. olcl nrarr ard clocsrr'r r,,.oi-k arrytllcrrc' His son Hugo is a vfl7 rich and vcr/ stlcccssfirl brrsi.css,lall. l,trt i* tlrc vcrbs. Usc tlicpr(:sc'nt perfect or past sirnplc.D Most btrsiness pcoplc ntakc rnistake,s. l\cginald trradt-- rrristakcs, b.t his so, _/r,r;_ rrc\rcrnade a mistake.

Business peopie travel a 1oc. Hugo all ovcr clrc rvorld. I lis I-etlrcr=-:--- on btrsiness too, lJ\lt rlot so rrrr,rch.Good business peopJc tn:,kc nloncy. F{r-rgo f50 rrrilliorr rrog,. l.lislathcr i ' {10nrillion.Rusincss pr:oplc can rvin priz.cs- R-cginalci tlre Exporrcr of tlrc ycar.prize rwice. Hi.s son ic four tiurcs alrcady.A lor of busincss pcoplc dorr'r rakc risks. Old l\r:ginrld risks [rccar.rsche rvas afraid to. But his son I - qLritc a [ew risks so tir irr his c:]rccr.today, this vveek etc. (E)Prrt irr this, la:;t, today or ycsterday.D -Iatl- nlonth priccs \vent up, btrr t/ris l'r'rorlth thcy havc fallerr a lirrlc.t lt's bccn dry so far u,eck, brrt -=- ._ -_ rvcck \\.iis vcr), \\,cr.2 I rrrctrt shopping carli,:r and spcnc all rhc ruorrey I crrrrccl

We didn'c havc lnany tolllafocs _ ycar. Wclve grorvn a lot lnorestllnmcr.I don't feel so dr:ed now. We got up quite late- nrorning wl-:en we got up so carly.

Prc'sent per[ect or past sinrple ? (A-E)Pur in the verbs.Craig: oJJtyqlahw,,l__ rhe news abouc Cathy?Nicola: l\o, ra'hat 1 7Craig: She 2-- --- 3r1 accidcrrt. Shc rvasfor a b'us whcn shc 3

--down4--- lrcr lcg.l.licola:

Craig:Oh, horv a'yfuli When s---Yesterday afce rnoon. Sarahabout it last niglit.Nicola: Last night! Y ou 'i-- lasc nigirc, anciyou 8-_ mc!Craig: 'Well, I e-- - yotr last nigirt. And Ilo--- you today, until norv.Nicola: I hopc shc's all right. Shc ll

nrorniuq. i fclr rcally'tircc{

runnltlgand

you irc.rrhappcnhlvcfiltbrcakthis l'r: : ptelle

D1234

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accidcnts, 1,ou kporv. S[c l2 lots oItirc

7 knorvB , noc tcll9 not scc10 not scc

1 1 hrvc12 dosa.r-ne fhing al.>our two ycars ago.

1T


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A

__

li have been doing or I have doire?l't.t'st'trl l)t'rli't t'. o:tIittt.totrs (lravc l-rccrr ttoirrg) t,r'sirrr1.,lt. (tr;rvt. clorre ).Comparc:

have been doirrg'Wr: use rhc present perfc,:l r:ontinuous foran action uver a period (Unit 8):We've bcen totiring Scctlund.A strong wind hus been )lou,ing all aay.

T[re choice of fonn depcnds on wlrcther we sue thccomplcte. Compare: ''o\/ER A PERIOD (have beerr doing) coNlPLETE (have done)

Tim has been repairing.lis bike. He's gotoil on his lwds.Jane is out af ltreatlr. Slrc's bcen. running,I've been writiag an es:iay. I'm tired now,

'W'e rrornr.ally use the corrtinuous fornrwith a phrase saying how l,.rrg:Mandy lrcs beer picking aitptcs allaJteruoon.' I've been wdtittg letters since thismorning.

Actrons arlcl st:atcs ;'We cannot nonnally use tl,,e coutinuous forrn for a statc (sec Unic 3):I'ut' knowtt the secretfor a long /inre. Nor -t-ve4een*now*t! -he Broturs hauc lnd thal calbr at least te,t I'edrs.ll/e'uc never been uer1, ltdpllv l1g7s.I-ive an.j rvork (= havc aj"L; can bc cotrtinuolts or not, rvith liirlc difl:rcncc in trreaning:lYc'ue been liuittg. hcrc :itrce i'988. Ok We've lived here since 1988.Ton' has bectr working tt titc l:cnkJor thre.e years now. ot\ Tun has worked at the bankfor ttnrce

yedrs notu,

have done'Wc use the prescnr pcrGcr sinrple for rcomplcrc acrion (Unir 4):L4/e'ue j.ui-shcd our tour of Scotlatrd.The wind ha; t,lorun ouri'ettce ove r.

action as continuing ovcr a pcriod or as

Tim has repaired his blke. It goes all rightllow.Jane hopes she isn't late. She's ruti all thcway.I've u,ritten an essay. I can hand it in noc,

'We use the simple form with a phrase sayirrghow many:A4andy llrs picked hwtdreds of apples.I'ue writtett ten letters.

B

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p.,Exercise s

I havc bcen doing: or I Irzrvc dorrc? (A)[)ut tlrc vcrb [ornrs in tlrr:s,: convcrsations.

A: [ fecl really tir,:rl.IJ: It's becausc youo_'ve bcctt doittg too rrruclr.A: Wcll, at lcast lD3_cSaulrcd thar rcporr now, arrd I can havc a rcst.sonrcorrc l----- tlrc l;rdricr otrrsic,lc, look.I cxpcct rhat's llrian. I-Ic 2dorr't think he's finishcd ycr.Yr:u'vc got grilss o:1 your shoes.

it. Ir

A:t]:A:ll:A: lawn. loolls a lot bc;ter.

and short.

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2

dofinishlca vcclca n

lno\vscccut

2 find3 read4 rvarch5 not scc6bc7 rrcvcr lravc

oC-

34a)ou s

Jcft-: It's mv old diary. I s\vas tcrr. It ('- ' -Linda: And is that old [cnnisj.tl No, it nlusi b(:'yours.tcnnis rackct.

it sirrcc Iin hcrc for ycars.racker.yours?r7[ __ _--

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it niccI hdve been doing or f have done? (A)Put in the verb fornrs. LJ.sc the prcsent perfecr conrinuous or sinrplc.D ftuild) The Thorp es -haue besLhJil-dWa h.ouse [or so,re tinre.. '.they 've built more than halfof ir now.(nrn) Those young ,lr". -l nearly ru,o irriies.They for terr mitrutcs.(do) Since tea tirne Elaine sunrs in hcr exercisc book.She l fifr-,/.

(drink) You _- tca ali day.tell Cups.ou-

----:-:- at least(deliver) Sinron - about rwo hundred ncrvspapers.thenr since e arly this rnoming.Itrnch cinrc. Thc1,

1 clcao

(pl.y) Bob and his {Hr:;rds - golf since

I have been doing or I have done? (A, B)Con"rplete tire dialogue. Ptrt in the verbs in the present perfect co:rdnuous or sirnple.Lirrda: \Uhar ar:e you doing,Je.{I?

J"ff 1t out rhis cupboard nrost olth: afrcnroon. T'hcre's a lot of old stu{T'in lrcrc.1z this, look.Linda: '/ou 3---- rhac book for: rhe lasc fivcminutcs. I 4----You.

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Grammar 1 Chapter 3

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