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1) Sponsorship is being increasingly allowedin schools provided it is regarded as being------- with educational curricula.

A) considerateB) predictableC) decisive

D) compatibleE) provocative

2) As the new field worker will be working inclose ------- with several others, make sureyou select someone with agreeablepersonality.

A) uniformityB) suspicionC) collaborationD) discretionE) productivity

3) The discovery of a ------- cancer-causingchemical in foods like crisps, chips andcereals caused shockwaves around theworld when it hit the headlines earlier thisyear.

A) completelyB) potentiallyC) constantlyD) radicallyE) remarkably

4) The study of the situation covers a greatdeal of relevant material, but does not tacklethe real issues ------ enough.

A) disturbinglyB) outrageouslyC) vaguelyD) adequatelyE) currently

5) The recent recovery in palm oil productionin Southeast Asia has lead to a / an -----decline in all vegetable oil prices.

A) denseB) tentativeC) clumsy

D) abstractE) dramatic

6) At present, the rate of economic growth isvery satisfactory, but ------ when foreigncompetition makes itself felt, this will not bethe case.

A) enthusiasticallyB) eventuallyC) considerablyD) effectivelyE) preferably

7) Serbian ------ in Bosnia has been stronglycondemned by the civilised world, but littleserious action has been taken against it.

A) conductB) settlementC) investment

D) treatyE) compliment

8) In view of the severe economic recession,his appointment to this office was regardedas highly ------ .

A) refutableB) persuasiveC) compulsoryD) appropriateE) considerable

9) In a child, curiosity normally suggests

intelligence and is welcomed; but an ------adult is best avoided.

A) indefiniteB) indulgentC) indecisiveD) impartialE) inquisitive

10) I am not ------ that the proposal actually willlead to an improvement in the situation.

A) impressedB) deterredC) convinced

D) refrainedE) intrusive

11) It is a society that is ------ to waging war onall forms of environmental pollution.

A) regardedB) preferredC) referredD) committedE) upheld

12) Many of the pictures sent from outer spaceare presently on ------ in the public library.

A) dutyB) displayC) accountD) exchangeE) reinforcement

13) Organizations are often said to be theatresin which people ------ roles in dramas, andpsychic prisons, or political arenas.

A) performB) allegeC) reinforce

D) presumeE) betray



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14) The objective of this project is to increasethe depth of awareness and understandingin the world about the causes andconsequences of the HIV epidemic through------ policies and programmes.

A) innovative

B) decadentC) meagreD) ambiguousE) poignant

15) Launched as the new regulatory authorityfor the country’s banking and financialsector, the National Financial ServicesManagement will extend its activities so as------ to cover more than 40% of the nationaleconomy.

A) exceptionallyB) ultimately

C) inherentlyD) fluentlyE) apparently

16) To the ------ of those who believe that thenew policy will help for the company to getover the long lasting recession, it proved tobe far worse than the previous one.

A) competitionB) optimismC) respectD) sanctionE) despair

17) In what is viewed as a major diplomatic ------by Türkiye, Syria agreed to Turkishdemands that it abandon its support forKurdish Workers' Party (PKK) guerrillas.

A) distinctionB) executionC) failureD) victoryE) pretension

18) Governments throughout the world ------ thatthe welfare of their people depends on theeconomic strength and wealth of the

community.

A) enlightenB) commenceC) assumeD) castigateE) accomplish

19) Many early peoples who had not yet learnedto catch fish, hunt game, or till the soil ------lived chiefly on roots, berries and nuts.

A) undoubtedlyB) inconsistently

C) supremelyD) exceedinglyE) randomly

20) He devised an ------ scheme whereby the rateof unemployment in the country could bebrought down sharply.

A) irrelevantB) unstableC) ingenious

D) unfamedE) illegible

21) Due to the far-reaching research and thespeedy innovations during the past fewyears, the computer system we bought onlylast year is now ------, and therefore we haveto purchase a new one.

A) unmatchedB) obsoleteC) temporaryD) transitionalE) deceased

22) In the 19th century, the mechanization ofprinting ------ the means for meeting theincreased demand for books inindustrialized societies.

A) prevailedB) alludedC) providedD) achievedE) predicted

23) Although the Germanic tribes that forciblymigrated into southern and western Europein the 5th century were ------ converted toChristianity, they retained many of theircustoms and ways of life.

A) extremelyB) likely

C) ultimately D) indispensablyE) favourably

24) She is the oldest person in the village, 92years to be precise, and has a ------ world ofadvice for everyone.

A) fanciful

B) credibleC) faithfulD) futileE) kindly

25) Space research is largely a branch of purescience, independent of any applicationswhich ------ from it.

A) enforceB) reduceC) insureD) restore

E) stem



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26) The most effective way to reduce thedestructiveness of earthquakes is to designand construct buildings and otherstructures capable of ------- strong shaking.

A) withstandingB) upholding

C) embitteringD) suspendingE) swaying

27) When the author moved to Tucson, Arizona,in 1992, his ------ was retirement in a climateless harsh than his native, Chicago.

A) withdrawalB) prosperityC) rateD) goalE) avidity

28) It is a curious ------ that the moon exactlydoes cover the sun’s disk during a totaleclipse seen from the earth.

A) coincidenceB) opportunityC) convenienceD) resemblanceE) comparison

29) It now appears that while US leaders are stillwilling for the nation to exert itself abroadand give large amounts of foreignassistance, the American public is ------ togo along with these policies.

A) spontaneousB) unsteadyC) reluctantD) competitiveE) deliberate

30) The range of measures permitting workersto reduce their working hours or to take acareer break is ------ broad in Belgium; mostmeasures are non-obligatory and are basedon incentives.

A) relatively

B) unequivocallyC) respectivelyD) successivelyE) sarcastically

31) Microstructural features in metals ------affect what happens on a larger scale,particularly when systems are pushed totheir limits.

A) randomlyB) profoundlyC) cautiouslyD) thoughtfully

E) recklessly

32) English is quite an easy language to ------ ;nevertheless, several other languages,including Dutch and Latin, ------characteristics which make this far moredifficult.

A) practice / exclude

B) exempt / undermineC) reproach / coverD) automate / containE) verify / appreciate

33) As he has persistently withstood all kinds ofpolitical coercion on this issue for so long, itis unlikely that he would ------ at this stage.

A) reinforceB) disposeC) competeD) graduateE) relent

34) There are many ways of ------ theincapacitated from buildings : by lift,carrying or putting people in temporaryrefuges to await rescue.

A) refutingB) exemptingC) evacuatingD) underminingE) confirming

35) The Civil War came as a climax to a longseries of quarrels between the North andSouth over the ------ of the United StatesConstitution.

A) occurrenceB) interpretationC) equivalenceD) referenceE) liability

36) Even allowing the inflation, the prices are------ more expensive than last year, and as aresult, I'm certain that almost no one will beable to afford them.

A) slightly

B) scarcelyC) elaboratelyD) considerablyE) completely

37) Amongst the issues causing bridgeengineers much difficulty, the mostsignificant ones are those of ------ and repair.

A) maintenanceB) enhancementC) evaluationD) perceptionE) peculiarity



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38) Until the introduction of the practiceprepared by DETR, there was ------ in theenvironmental monitoring of chemicalaccidents, with different methodologiesproducing variable results.

A) acclimatisation

B) expenditureC) redundancyD) precautionE) inconsistency

39) Since words alone may fail to convey anidea, teachers often ------ such visual aids aspictures, charts, and films.

A) facilitateB) employC) exhaustD) acquireE) amend

40) As both private industry and governmentdepartments tend to concentrate on ------results, there is steady shift of scientistsfrom pure to the applied field.

A) lawfulB) optionalC) partialD) immediateE) harmonious

41) Many members of the medical professionare of the opinion that laughter, a commonelement of everyday life, has ------therapeutic effects on the body.

A) hilariousB) ridiculousC) awkwardD) morbidE) valuable

42) The fact that safety belts save lives is both------ obvious and also supported byimpressive amount of evidence.

A) permanentlyB) purposefully

C) conclusivelyD) appropriatelyE) excessively

43) Founded to promote the art, science, andpractice of rehabilitation care for the peoplewith disabilities, the American Congress ofRehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) was ------called the American College of Radiologyand Psychology.

A) originallyB) imaginativelyC) adequately

D) obscurelyE) eventually

44) As we approach the challenge of themillennium date change, more informationis emerging about the potential ------ andpitfalls that might face the country.

A) perilsB) guards

C) aidesD) comradesE) protections

45) According to the newspaper, the parliamentare working on a ------ that will abolish allhigher education entrance exams.

A) refusalB) proposalC) disposalD) hindranceE) horizon

46) One major aim of the new constitution is toprevent the ------ of power by any majority.

A) misuseB) compromiseC) completionD) issueE) existence

47) I thoroughly enjoyed the lecture; it wasn't------, but it wasn't too scholarly, either.

A) oversimplifiedB) underestimatedC) overemphatic

D) underratedE) overdue

48) As far as we are concerned, the evidenceput before the court was not ------ enough toconvict the man.

A) subsequentB) conclusiveC) adamantD) earnestE) consecutive

49) His poetic output may not be large but,

nevertheless, Ted Hughes is generallyregarded as one of the ------ poets of ourtime.

A) distinguishedB) excessiveC) prolificD) extensiveE) futile



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50) Through the winter, the bank rates werereasonably steady, but they have started to------ again.

A) fluctuateB) exchangeC) improve

D) inclineE) intensify

51) The criticism he made concerning theannual fiscal report was ------ to the point.

A) remarkablyB) immediatelyC) incessantlyD) preferablyE) incompetently

52) We will repeat the experiment twice in orderto ------ the results.

A) vanishB) spillC) verifyD) sneakE) pinch

53) Diplomatic relations between the twocountries, which were ------ during the war,have not yet been restored.

A) defeatedB) establishedC) severedD) determined

E) featured

54) People who are constantly in the public eyemust learn to remain ------ in the face ofcriticism.

A) composedB) resultantC) appreciatedD) outrageousE) restored

55) They raised no ------ to his prolonged leaveof absence since they didn't want to lose

him altogether.

A) refutationB) refusalC) objectionD) refundE) compulsion

56) As the conditions of the expedition are likelyto be severe, you had better take necessary------ .

A) trialsB) precautions

C) effortsD) objectionsE) attempts

57) It was felt that the EU had ------ on aprogramme of economic change that themember states could not sustain.

A) surpassedB) relievedC) embarked

D) specifiedE) retired

58) To be a leader, it is not enough to behardworking and knowledgeable; one mustalso be able to inspire ------ .

A) denialB) restraintC) discretionD) confidenceE) reservation

59) The two major political parties in Britain are

currently ------ to extreme and radicallydifferent approaches to the solution ofBritain's economic problems.

A) referredB) obsessedC) committedD) impliedE) meant

60) I have looked through the report, but I mustadmit, only ------ .

A) carefullyB) thoroughly

C) superficiallyD) seriouslyE) experimentally

61) The rise in energy ------ has led to areduction in the amount of fossil fuels thatthe world must use.

A) redundancyB) efficiencyC) consumptionD) suitabilityE) conformity

62) I believe that leaders must make an effort tostay open-minded and try to ------ anotherperson's point of view.

A) deploreB) recoverC) forecastD) insistE) appreciate



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63) We must find some way to give them a fairlycomplete and realistic picture of thesituation, but without ------ them too much.

A) depressingB) intimidatingC) restricting

D) complementingE) embittering

64) Any child left to its own devices for too longis likely to ------ on some dangerousenterprise.

A) assertB) enticeC) embarkD) reproachE) reduce

65) Foot and mouth disease, also called aftosa,

is a highly contagious viral disease affecting------ all cloven footed mammals, includingcattle, sheep, goats, and swine.

A) practicallyB) haphazardlyC) secretlyD) hardlyE) swiftly

66) Industry as a whole was badly affected bythe restrictions, but it was the hightechnology sector that suffered most ------ .

A) blatantly

B) randomlyC) reasonablyD) tightlyE) acutely

67) The stars visible at night are ------ distant,which is why they appear only as tiny pointsof light.

A) commonlyB) eventuallyC) immenselyD) intensivelyE) specially

68) Her parents spend their summers in thesouth, but their ------ residence, a luxuryapartment, is in !stanbul.

A) favourableB) traditionalC) previousD) permanentE) ordinary

69) One defect seems inherent in a purelyclassical education –namely, a too ------emphasis on the past.

A) recurrentB) repressiveC) coherent

D) exclusiveE) deceptive

70) The Kodak Company now faces stiff ------both from abroad and from rival firms athome.

A) renovationB) competitionC) investmentD) commerceE) recession

71) Many people think of the United States as a

young country, yet it has the oldest written------ among the major nations of the world.

A) involvementB) concessionC) propositionD) treatyE) constitution

72) A few people enjoyed the exhibition, but themajority were clearly ----- .

A) restrainedB) admirableC) impartial

D) disappointedE) relieved

73) Thanks to various advances in modernmedicine, certain diseases that wereseemingly incurable now ------ treatment.

A) consist ofB) yield toC) interfere withD) stem fromE) result from

74) Although the partners seem to be in full

agreement on matters of management, thereis actually a ------ difference of opinionamong them.

A) smoothB) abundantC) flexibleD) vastE) relentless



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75) Admittedly, the engineer's report wasrelatively unimaginative, but it was, on thewhole, ------ .

A) accurateB) irrelevantC) vacant

D) deceptiveE) wealthy

76) He has behaved ------ on many occasions, sothis instance of impoliteness is hardlysurprising.

A) shylyB) endearinglyC) sensitivelyD) readilyE) inconsiderately

77) At the meeting, even though he spoke well,

he was unable to ------ the other members.A) completeB) persuadeC) reinterpretD) agreeE) dispute

78) The United States has long prided itself onbeing a melting pot of culturally ------peoples.

A) diverseB) redundantC) incoherent

D) entireE) substantial

79) It is ------ ten years since AIDS caught theworld's attention.

A) formidablyB) generouslyC) pertinentlyD) roughlyE) inevitably

80) As a result of the continuing economicrecession, a huge ------ in the budget seems

inevitable.

A) redundancyB) improvementC) profitD) distinctionE) deficit

81) When the rate of exchange began to riseagain, he felt ------ to call a meeting of thefinancial staff.

A) obligedB) blamed

C) consumedD) omittedE) rewarded

82) The new ceramics, which have little incommon with the chinaware we use in ourkitchens everyday, are being used ------ inengines and electronics.

A) depressinglyB) seemingly

C) increasinglyD) discouraginglyE) obligingly

83) When they called Mr. Smith to head office, Iam quite sure it was not their ------ topromote him to branch manager.

A) avidityB) impressionC) predictionD) dispositionE) intention

84) Locke Hobbes and Rousseau wereconcerned in their writings with thequestion of a proper ------ between the publicgood and the right of individuals to exercisefree will.

A) balanceB) demonstrationC) responsibilityD) interestE) solidarity

85) If we are serious about suppressingterrorism, we shall have to ------ strongermeasures than those currently in practice.

A) requireB) reviseC) adoptD) abductE) suspend

86) I am horrified at the turn things have takenand am convinced that he is ------ of muchbetter treatment than that which he isreceiving.

A) rebuttingB) deserving

C) defendingD) safeguardingE) indulging

87) When an unknown but gifted artist is finallyrecognized, his paintings can becomevaluable ------ in the future.

A) ratesB) accountsC) salesD) interestsE) assets



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88) The journalists asked the Prime Minister somany questions that finally he felt itnecessary to ------ the statement.

A) proposeB) refrainC) clarify

D) undermineE) exempt

89) Geological activity in this region hasproduced a landscape that is at once ------and forbidding.

A) wastefulB) cautiousC) discreetD) susceptibleE) rugged

90) The medieval struggle between secular and

religious power came to a ------ in the 14thcentury with the rise of nationalism and theincreased prominence of lawyers, bothroyalist and canon.

A) influenceB) popularityC) climaxD) summitE) dedication

91) It is ------ surprising that the art of ancientAmerica remains the most mysterious andthe least accessible.

A) urgentlyB) vaguelyC) indifferentlyD) elaboratelyE) hardly

92) Bartok was influenced as much by themusical innovations of Debussy andStravinsky as by East European, ------Hungarian, folk music.

A) exceedinglyB) notablyC) appropriately

D) vehementlyE) adequately

93) The argument he has put forward is hardly------ with the information we have so farreceived on the case.

A) reflectiveB) representativeC) arbitraryD) resistantE) compatible

94) If the situation in Somalia improves, asignificant part of the allied forces will be------ .

A) enclosedB) withdrawnC) encouraged

D) recruitedE) sustained

95) More than 4,500 years ago, the -------Egyptians prepared the first paper from thefibrous stems of papyrus, a grass-like plant.

A) ancientB) outdatedC) fallaciousD) mysticalE) communal

96) Few, if any, of the statements made could be

------ substantiated by concrete experimentalevidence.

A) intentionallyB) successivelyC) restrictedlyD) impressivelyE) conclusively

97) The British entry into the EuropeanCommunity has ------ a new line of policy.

A) negotiatedB) confinedC) resented

D) constitutedE) refunded

98) Dependence by primitive humans on theirenvironment would not have permitted themto be ------ the effects of the surroundingworld on them.

A) intrigued byB) protected fromC) indifferent aboutD) surprised byE) knowledgeable about

99) When the world population ------ the 5-billionmilestone in 1987, the United Nationsestimated that it would not stabilize until therecord mark was doubled late in the 21stcentury.

A) surpassedB) defeatedC) remarkedD) concededE) generated



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100) At the opening night of the new productionof Aida the guest soprano gave a superb, atruly ------ performance.

A) dazzlingB) decliningC) disappointing

D) recallingE) degrading

101) The topics included in the conferenceprogramme are not as ------ as one mighthave hoped.

A) obsessedB) illuminatedC) preoccupiedD) variedE) disposed

102) Throughout most of human history,

people's movements on land were ------ tothose speeds and distances that could beattained by walking.

A) affiliatedB) acquiredC) promotedD) restrictedE) inclined

103) The French physicist Jean-Antoine Nollet is------ with the earliest recorded observationof osmosis in 1748.

A) fortified

B) creditedC) satisfiedD) competedE) detained

104) On the third day after the shipwreck, theygave up all hope of finding any ------ .

A) desertersB) conclusionsC) survivorsD) suppliersE) discrepancies

105) The allocation made by the budgetcommittee can be used ------ to finance workon child health.

A) plainlyB) excessivelyC) extremelyD) remarkablyE) solely

106) Since the firm has been found negligent bythe court, his claim for ------ for the accidenthas been accepted.

A) compensationB) reductionC) employment

D) relevanceE) cooperation

107) I don't approve of the methods he is using,but his ------ aim, as regards the project, isadmirable.

A) conclusiveB) ultimateC) controversialD) convenientE) deplorable

108) If he gets this ------, it will help him to

recover his self-confidence.A) accuracyB) exposureC) promotionD) activityE) procedure

109) In 1883, before the electron was discovered,the Swedish physicist and chemist SvanteAugust Arrhenius ------ the existence of ionsin solutions in order to explain electrolysis.

A) improvedB) reassessed

C) awakenedD) allegedE) postulated

110) The testimony of the last witness ------ theaccused off all suspicion.

A) inducesB) removesC) clearsD) surmountsE) exposes

111) By all means, give all the medical details,

but do ------ from giving any names.

A) relentB) excuseC) denyD) refrainE) respect

112) Mark's warm and humorous personality ------everyone at the conference.

A) enhancedB) frightenedC) confirmed

D) captivatedE) disgusted




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113) An election in which all members of apolitical party are ------ to select candidatesis called a direct primary.

A) excludedB) separatedC) distinguished

D) entitledE) assessed

114) The most common type of government inthe 20th century, representative democracy------ in Western Europe, North and SouthAmerica, Australia, New Zealand, Egypt, andJapan.

A) prevailsB) reinforcesC) commitsD) enactsE) stabilizes

115) President Bush's special envoy, ZalmayKhalilzad, has stressed that any militarymovement or combat in Northern Iraqshould be under the overall ------ of the US-led coalition.

A) supplyB) relianceC) priorityD) phaseE) command

116) Although balloons had been used formilitary purposes for some time, the ------use of the airplane as a weapon duringWorld War I was especially troubling.

A) prevalentB) equivalentC) indifferentD) resultantE) resistant

117) The mirrors used in Greco-Roman antiquityand throughout the European Middle Ageswere simply ------ convex disks of metal,either bronze, tin, or silver, that reflectedlight off their highly polished surfaces.

A) instantlyB) denselyC) slightlyD) utterlyE) steadily

118) The behaviour of light seems to haveinterested ancient philosophers, but without------ them to experiment.

A) disbandingB) discouragingC) damaging

D) stimulatingE) frustrating

119) Even when his reputation was in ------,almost everyone was willing to admit that hehad genius.

A) retaliationB) eclipseC) ascendancy

D) differentiationE) rebuttal

120) No one can say for sure how ------ theawards have been.

A) determinedB) effectiveC) reducibleD) effervescentE) inborn

121) On the foundry, liquid hydrogen must bestored in large stainless steel tanks with

double walls filled with ------ and evacuatedto a high vacuum.

A) gritB) deviceC) insulationD) instrumentE) sediment

122) That is our firm's ------ that the new lawshould be implemented immediately.

A) proficiencyB) consensusC) struggle

D) aggressionE) regulation

123) As she suffered from digestive troublesafter too much eating and drinking duringthe holiday, the doctor insisted on a strict------ .

A) dietB) plotC) dentD) rifeE) deck

124) One should never ------ in the disputes ofneighbours; the best policy is to keep out ofother people's affairs.

A) interactB) leaveC) interfereD) entailE) implicate




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125) The theme of that play is quite complicated,but the actual ------ of the story is quitesimple.

A) summaryB) stageC) abbreviation

D) surroundingE) frame

126) Physically speaking, the Pacific Basinincludes not only all those countriesbordering on the Pacific coast, but also thePacific island nations ------ across the ocean.

A) adoptedB) basedC) graftedD) scatteredE) expanded

127) At the beginning of the 20th century, AlbertEinstein developed the theory of relativity,------ that Newtonian mechanics could not beapplied to bodies moving at speeds close tothe speed of light

A) alleviatingB) demonstratingC) admonishingD) regardingE) expanding

128) The ambitious staff of the language learningcentre have shown great ------ in performingtheir duties.

A) gaietyB) efficiencyC) vitalityD) outcomeE) consistency

129) In the operation of nuclear reactors, greatcare is exercised to protect personnel in thearea and to ------ instruments that aresensitive.

A) persistB) creep

C) anticipateD) eliminateE) safeguard

130) When Newton arrived in Cambridge in 1661,the movement now known as the scientificrevolution was well advanced, and many ofthe works ------ to modern science hadappeared.

A) basicB) indulgentC) intrinsicD) brave

E) strict

131) The field of statistical thermodynamicsprovides a deeper understanding of such------ as temperature, vapour pressure, anddiffusion.

A) resolutionsB) applications

C) reductionsD) spectaclesE) phenomena

132) Today's social security system is ------popular, partly because it is universal andpartly because retirement benefits arerelated to contributions, so most people feelthe system is fair.

A) extremelyB) likelyC) eventuallyD) indispensably

E) favorably

133) Census taking was not a widespreadpractice before 1800, so it is impossible totrace the history of world urbanization withany ------ until the 19th century.

A) expansionB) observanceC) rejectionD) precisionE) capacity

134) It is a book rich in ideas and beauty, amaterial that ------ and tries to answer greatfundamental questions and demands themost active reading one is capable of.

A) raisesB) attainsC) castsD) alludesE) accomplishes

135) By the time the ------ child enters schooltoday, he has already spent more hourslearning about his world from TV than hewill spend in a classroom learning a collegedegree.

A) parsimoniousB) averageC) transitionalD) temporaryE) vulnerable

136) Judging from her recent speeches to thepublic, the Prime Minister seems to betrying to ------ the confidence of her people.

A) executeB) remunerateC) dispatch

D) regainE) affect




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137) In the 1990s and early 21st century chemicalweapons became a growing ------ amongmany nations, as a result of which aninternational agreement called the ChemicalWeapons Convention came into force in1997.

A) concernB) defectC) altitudeD) noticeE) feature

138) Many local authorities are ------ opposed tothe introduction of comprehensiveschooling despite the disadvantage ofhaving undereducated people.

A) bitterlyB) deliberatelyC) abruptly

D) conventionallyE) sardonically

139) Because he had researched the subject so------, he was able to answer all thequestions he was asked effortlessly.

A) permanentlyB) practicallyC) exhaustivelyD) unequivocallyE) genuinely

140) The authors tried to meet the ------,nevertheless, there were only twenty fourhours remaining and they knew that it wouldbe impossible to complete the novel.

A) deadlineB) circulationC) illiteracyD) entertainmentE) donation

141) Architectural pressure groups foughtunsatisfactorily to save a terrace of 18th century houses from ------ .

A) construction

B) evolutionC) maturationD) enlargementE) demolition

142) A complete reconstruction of the origin anddevelopment of the atmosphere wouldinclude details of its size and composition atall times during the 4,500,000,000 yearssince the ------ of the Earth.

A) formationB) distributionC) hesitation

D) redemptionE) occurrence

143) Some analysts ------ that a U.S.-led invasionof Iraq without Turkey would not onlysubstantially weaken administration claimsof international support but also do criticallong-term damage to relations with animportant NATO and Muslim-populated ally.

A) maintainB) disapproveC) complimentD) finalizeE) validate

144) The government has recently made onemillion dollars ------ for research grantsconcerning the prediction of earthquake.

A) conditionB) availableC) suitableD) consideration

E) vulnerable

145) The ozone layer may still act like aprotective blanket, but scientists continue toworry about the sun’s ------ lethal effects.

A) potentiallyB) equivalentlyC) indifferentlyD) approximatelyE) abruptly

146) They have had to agree to provide freelunches, but obviously they have done so------ .

A) faultlesslyB) preciselyC) exceedinglyD) reluctantlyE) extraordinarily

147) Unfortunately, few children behave in such a------ manner towards the elderly and infirm.

A) ridiculousB) considerateC) restrictedD) fragile

E) progressive

148) The development of the experimentalmethod to verify theories had the ------ effectand there was a rapid increase in scientificknowledge.

A) adverseB) reluctantC) appropriateD) erroneousE) partial




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149) We will have to hire more workers soon; wecan’t put it off ------ .

A) plainlyB) supremelyC) emphaticallyD) intensely

E) indefinitely

150) When births outnumber deaths, thepopulation increases; when the ------ occurs,then it falls.

A) oppositeB) growthC) shareD) rateE) decrease

151) Industry is slowly realising that the mannerin which waste products are ------ of is of

vital importance to the environment.A) forwardedB) exposedC) composedD) disposedE) restored

152) Discourse analysis is ------ labour intensiveand time consuming, transcription of audiotapes alone being a challenging task.

A) extremelyB) radicallyC) reluctantly

D) coherentlyE) incessantly

153) People from rural Asia, where breast andcolon cancers are rare, ------ get more likelyto contract those diseases after moving tothe United States.

A) widelyB) totallyC) graduallyD) extensivelyE) exceedingly

154) In 1990, the ------ of HIV infection in SouthAfrica and Thailand were both less than onepercent; however, today, Thailand's rate is2.15 percent; South Africa's is 19.94percent.

A) measurementB) derivationC) establishmentD) extensionE) frequency

155) Champions of the green movement regardthe internal combustion machine as one ofthe biggest ------ in history.

A) disastersB) rejectionsC) admissions

D) denialsE) sensations

156) It shouldn't be forgotten that,notwithstanding the great prosperity of thepeople, Canada's initial political problemremains the relationship between herEnglish and French speaking ------ .

A) surroundingsB) combinationsC) circumstancesD) communitiesE) personalities

157) The general feeling in the court was thatseveral of the witnesses were ------information that could have a direct bearingupon the case.

A) expressingB) avoidingC) withholdingD) disruptingE) declining

158) The river Danube rises in Germany and ------through central Europe and into the BlackSea.

A) cruisesB) spreadsC) flowsD) conductsE) covers

159) Today, a wide spectrum of biologicalscientists are needed to develop thebiotechnology of the next millenium and toensure the ------ of life on our planet.

A) explanationB) process

C) exhaustionD) durationE) conservation

160) The distinction between a language and adialect is a ------ difficult one.

A) preciselyB) notoriouslyC) compulsivelyD) suitablyE) flexibly




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161) Prior to the first European settlement ofAustralia, the Aborigines numbered about300,000, whereas their ------ populace isestimated about 125,000 130,000.

A) versatileB) current

C) mutualD) rigidE) erratic

162) The move toward a press free of partisan------- started in France with the founding ofLa Presse in 1836 by Émile de Girardin.

A) sentimentB) emotionC) movementD) validityE) prosperity

163) I was ------ beyond words when I saw thepicture of a baby elephant in NationalGeographic magazine.

A) movedB) lostC) relievedD) struckE) alerted

164) Poor countries lack well-developed clusters;they compete in the world market withinexpensive labour and natural ------ .

A) resources

B) requirementsC) intellectsD) distressesE) solicitations

165) While some smaller EU countries haveroughly halved their official gold reserves,the three with the largest holdings

—Germany, France and Italy— havemaintained theirs ------ unchanged, as haveSpain and Portugal and also the UK.

A) exhaustivelyB) fundamentally

C) indispensablyD) indubitablyE) virtually

166) Theories ------- the nature, origin, and extentof human knowledge make up the area ofphilosophy called epistemology

A) consistingB) submittingC) devisingD) respectingE) concerning

167) According to experts, many of thechemicals used in conventional wastetreatment ------ add to the pollution of thewater supply.

A) accuratelyB) daringly

C) actuallyD) consideratelyE) relevantly

168) If we are to ------ the essence of today's neweconomy, we must look at it from aperspective that reaches further back thanthe experiences of the past few years.

A) propoundB) compelC) advocateD) graspE) submit

169) Until the invention of printing, the publichad to be ------- with whatever information itwas given by official sources, or it had tomake do with hearsay and rumor.

A) dedicatedB) satisfiedC) thrilledD) amazedE) stunned

170) Until recently, psychiatrists ------ that theremust be a single reason for drinking alcoholand therefore looked first for differencesbetween those who drank and those whodid not.

A) distributedB) embellishedC) resolvedD) assumedE) discharged

171) The Carnegie Endowment for InternationalPeace seeks an individual to launch aresearch project on the informationrevolution and its ------ on internationalaffairs.

A) impactB) involvementC) referenceD) linkageE) comparison

172) Unlike Europe’s stone castles andcathedrals, America’s historical buildingsare often wood-framed and so subject to------ from moisture and insects.

A) cautionB) deficiency

C) damageD) obsessionE) frustration




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173) In earlier times, when human populationsizes were small and modern technologywas developing, the effects of humanactivities on natural populations seldomseemed ------ .

A) persuasive

B) respectableC) arguableD) significantE) unfailing

174) Many of the critics clearly regarded severalof the paintings on ------ as of poor quality.

A) discoveryB) displayC) occasionD) approvalE) account

175) It was decided at the board meeting thatmore funds should be allocated to gettingthe firm’s products ------ more widely.

A) publicisedB) pricedC) curtailedD) expandedE) confirmed

176) The report issued by the National HealthCouncil draws attention to the hazards of------ to rays.

A) resistance

B) involvementC) confinementD) exposureE) implication

177) In every culture throughout recordedhistory, human beings have ------ powerfultales to help explain the inexplicable.

A) soughtB) departedC) sprungD) wovenE) revealed

178) There’s nothing very brilliant about thereport, but he has ------ collected all the dataneeded.

A) infectiouslyB) recklesslyC) considerablyD) restrictivelyE) conscientiously

179) What really surprised everybody was that hesaved the company from bankruptcy quite------ .

A) decidedlyB) relativelyC) scarcely

D) unhurriedlyE) competently

180) Russia has a fleet of 250 nuclearsubmarines, 170 of which are ------ out ofservice.

A) radicallyB) explicitlyC) indiscriminatelyD) currentlyE) conclusively

181) The first great theorist of dramatic art was

Aristo, whose ------ of tragedy in “ThePoetics” has dominated critical thought eversince.

A) solutionB) referenceC) discussionD) recognitionE) allusion

182) Their state assets were ------ to foreigncapital at bargain prices.

A) availableB) unreliable

C) recurrentD) constantE) ultimate

183) The whole of society may suffer if itsgovernment is attacked; ------- the entirebody is harmed if the brain is damaged.

A) otherwiseB) similarlyC) on the other handD) neverthelessE) however

184) Osteoclasts are cells that ------- bone in thenormal course of bone replenishment.

A) show offB) pull throughC) break downD) put outE) cut off

185) The findings indicate that there is a lower------- of cancer among vegetarians.

A) incidenceB) disturbance

C) declineD) reversalE) replacement




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186) Scientists are ------- biotechnology todevelop highly effective drugs in the fightagainst currently incurable diseases.

A) invadingB) justifyingC) exerting

D) retainingE) utilizing

187) ------ its focus on how language is used toachieve goals, discourse analysis may alsobe useful in exploring areas of persuasion,ideology, and conflict.

A) On account ofB) On behalf ofC) In connection withD) In addition toE) By dint of

188) The relationship between smoking and lungcancer has been heatedly discussed formany years, but until recently the evidenceabout it has been both ------- and conflicting.

A) exemplaryB) susceptibleC) compatibleD) fragmentaryE) confident

189) Medical science is advancing at such a pacethat it is virtually impossible to ------- all thelatest developments even within one's ownspecialist field.

A) take upB) keep up withC) carry outD) pull out ofE) look down on

190) Patients seeking to ------- scars have severaloptions, depending on the depth of the scar.

A) get rid ofB) sort outC) take backD) get along with

E) fold over

191) Atoms are ------- of electrons and a nucleuscontaining protons and neutrons.

A) joinedB) linkedC) composedD) keptE) completed

192) Visibility depends ------- upon theconcentration of water or dust particles inthe air.

A) rapidlyB) obstinatelyC) instantly

D) suitablyE) chiefly

193) This magazine is designed to help satelliteequipment buyers make more -------purchasing decisions and keep ahead ofnew developments.

A) representativeB) obscureC) foreseenD) informedE) indifferent

194) He was discharged from hospital but wasadvised to return after a month for further------- .

A) treatmentB) recoveryC) admissionD) diagnosisE) expansion

195) Science requires the testing of its ideas ortheories to see if its predictions are ------- byexperiment.

A) made up

B) borne outC) closed inD) put offE) sorted out

196) Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 byBecquerel, who noticed that salts containinguranium ------- radiations.

A) got offB) held upC) sent offD) came up withE) turned away

197) In the past, too, people relied on plantsubstances to ------- a wide range ofillnesses

A) recoverB) undermineC) infectD) cureE) restrain




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198) Some women are ------- troubled withbackache as they get older.

A) relevantlyB) consecutivelyC) continuallyD) sufficiently

E) reluctantly

199) A poorly-planned vegetarian diet willtypically be ------- in iron, zinc and calcium.

A) unhealthyB) deficientC) variedD) nutritiousE) essential

200) The subject of statics is ------- the calculationof the forces acting on and within structuresthat are in equilibrium.

A) taken care ofB) turned upC) kept offD) given rise toE) concerned with

201) I don't know how the nurse ------- theconstant demands of that elderly patient.

A) thinks overB) changes overC) turns onD) wakes upE) puts up with

202) As he has taken those antibiotics, it will bevery difficult to ------- just what the problemis.

A) turn upB) give upC) put downD) find outE) look up

203) The brain and spinal cord ------- the centralnervous system.

A) stand forB) turn downC) make upD) get onE) count on

204) Air pollution is obviously one of the major--------- of city life.

A) referencesB) disadvantagesC) attemptsD) definitionsE) expressions

205) The lawyer submitted to the court severaldocuments to --------- his point of view.

A) supportB) overcomeC) refrainD) improve

E) alienate

206) The latest figures concerning the company'ssales are certainly very --------- .

A) determinedB) intensiveC) emphaticD) reluctantE) disturbing

207) On Tuesday, I'll be able to let you know----- how many people will be attending theconference.

A) mostlyB) fortunatelyC) comparativelyD) preciselyE) immensely

208) From the evidence, it seems pretty obviousthat someone --------- the office sometimeduring the night.

A) found outB) took afterC) broke intoD) made out

E) ran up

209) If it rains, the football match will be ---------until next week.

A) given outB) put offC) turned offD) run throughE) taken on

210) For the chemists of the 18th and 19th centuries, an understanding of the chemicalnature of food was a major ------- .

A) objectiveB) agreementC) submissionD) significanceE) estimation

211) The green button on the far left of themachine ------- the volume.A) interferesB) disclosesC) regulatesD) allowsE) arises




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212) You should have attended that lecture ondurability testing of fibres; it really was most------- .

A) irrelevantB) stimulatingC) dull

D) reluctantE) feasible

213) His forecast turned out to be ------- accurateconsidering how little information he had towork on.

A) latelyB) effortlesslyC) intentionallyD) surprisinglyE) heavily

214) The new engineer is highly knowledgeable,

but can we ------- him to lead the teamsuccessfully?

A) run onB) put onC) make onD) take upE) rely on

215) Many of the lesser developed countries findit hard to ------- the more developed ones,due to the rapid advances in technologythere.

A) make up for

B) keep up withC) look out forD) turn uponE) run through

216) Many experiments ------- blood compositionare carried out in this laboratory.

A) related toB) led fromC) followed throughD) contained inE) denied by

217) --------- obesity results basically from anexcess of calories, in some instances,genetic background may be a contributingfactor.

A) SinceB) HoweverC) NeverthelessD) Even thoughE) Unless

218) It may have something to do with the risingprice of medicines, but certainly ---------people are beginning to show an interest innatural remedies.

A) as many moreB) the more

C) the mostD) as manyE) more and more

219) Each year, large amounts ofcarbonmonoxide are --------- into theatmosphere by automobiles and factories.

A) absorbedB) emittedC) exchangedD) repulsedE) compelled

220) The first two paragraphs --------- theparticular requirements of the digitalenvironment as the source of data and as ameans of producing maps and othervisualisations.

A) lay emphasis onB) run out ofC) break throughD) stop short ofE) look down on

221) Syndicalism embodies the idea thatworkers, through direct action, --------- ageneral strike, should seize control over themeans of production and hence gainpolitical power.

A) especiallyB) previouslyC) tremendouslyD) respectfullyE) consistently

222) Even in developed countries, it is notunusual to see wage and job -------- againstwomen.

A) separation

B) differenceC) discriminationD) insuranceE) diversity

223) The origins of stress vary from person toperson, and people --------- differently tostressful events.

A) referB) relyC) adoptD) reactE) appeal




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224) This hotel certainly offers a high standard ofservice at --------- rates.A) contemporaryB) competitiveC) relativeD) conceivableE) reliable

225) I'm sure the boy is not really backward, butit is certainly difficult for him to --------- theother students in his class.

A) pull upB) make up forC) keep up withD) turn downE) take over

226) Every community in the world recognizescertain activities as crimes, and hasdeveloped its own way of --------- them.

A) depending onB) looking afterC) breaking intoD) making forE) dealing with

227) The visitors ware taken to the airport, andthere they were --------- by the assistantmanager.

A) made offB) seen offC) put throughD) turned out

E) looked over

228) The top research universities in the U.S.A.are ------- the fact that women researchersare encountering substantial barriers tocareer advancement.

A) waiting forB) pulling out ofC) facing up toD) trying outE) turning up

229) His doctor ------- advising him to take it easy

for a while and stop all overtime but hedidn't listen.

A) made upB) kept onC) ran throughD) left outE) played down

230) I'm afraid I can't ------- the signature on thispainting, but it has been signed.

A) make outB) take out

C) find outD) turn backE) put down

231) Our understanding of the development ofbehaviour has long been hampered by thetendency to ------- sharply between "innate"and "acquired" behaviour.

A) excludeB) separate

C) distinguishD) inferE) assess

232) Owing to the shortages in some buildingmaterials and labour ------- in some trades,the building industry began to make moreuse of prefabricated.

A) componentsB) immunityC) reliablyD) cavityE) scarcity

233) In a blizzard, the ------- of very lowtemperatures, strong wind and suffocatingsnow often proves fatal.

A) expectationB) enduranceC) engagementD) consistenceE) combination

234) As regards the proposals for the treaty oneconomic cooperation, my government hascertain --------- concerning them.

A) complicationsB) reservationsC) disturbancesD) restrictionsE) predictions

235) The ------- concerning total disarmamenthave broken down without leading anyfruitful results.

A) intentionsB) complaintsC) negotiationsD) commitments

E) involvements

236) A well-organized company that knows itsproducts are of a high standard does notfear ------- .

A) conversionB) concentrationC) competitionD) departureE) pretension




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237) Nearly half of the world's countries have -----capital punishment in law or in practice, andsome two dozen of them have done soformally since 1980s.

A) accusedB) abolished

C) executedD) entailedE) frustrated

238) A hundred years ago the chestnut ------ a quarterof the hardwood trees in America.

A) turned downB) got throughC) made upD) made outE) put down

239) Fats can only be ------- for energy by aerobic

metabolism.A) set upB) cut outC) put onD) broken downE) turned off

240) You should ------- this treatment for a furtherweek by which time recovery will becomplete.

A) take offB) bring inC) run on

D) put up withE) keep to

241) The main focus of the study that will be ------by a multidisciplinary team will be the genesand proteins of organisms within thecontext of their informational pathways ornetworks.

A) looked forB) carried outC) made outD) let downE) brought up

242) During the measles epidemic, it wasobserved that the disease had developed a------- to certain drugs that had once beeneffective.

A) resistanceB) riskC) denialD) schemeE) condition

243) Our metabolism ------- most of thecarbohydrates we have either into glucoseor into glycogen.

A) breaksB) deductsC) converts

D) destroysE) collaborates

244) It is a fact that moderate amounts of sugarare usually not harmful but, taken in excess,sugar can be ------ to our health.

A) vulnerableB) nutritiousC) preferableD) preventiveE) detrimental

245) In his fiction, William Faulkner uses a

complex literary style that seems to -------his intricate themes of good and evil.

A) fit in withB) clear outC) put up withD) make outE) take after

246) The government has ------- a set of newpolicies and measures which are designedto combat violence in big towns.

A) got offB) found out

C) let downD) taken downE) worked out

247) The judge quickly ------- his notes beforesentencing the accused.

A) took overB) made upC) looked throughD) put offE) found out

248) When Shakespeare died in Stradford in

1660, no collected ------- of his plays hadbeen published.

A) titleB) editionC) sectionD) printE) manuscript




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249) British supermarkets have more politicalinfluence than ------- any other corporatesector in Britain.

A) oftenB) immediatelyC) almost

D) fairlyE) quite

250) Several international treaties andconferences have -------- the prohibition ofchemical warfare.

A) put up withB) looked downC) turned offD) filled inE) dealt with

251) Reflex behaviour is ------- ; it arises

automatically in response to an appropriatestimulus.

A) insignificantB) invalidC) insufficientD) involuntaryE) inadequate

252) To increase its exports, the company is ------highly motivated professionals withexperience in international trade.

A) applyingB) replacing

C) agreeingD) holdingE) seeking

253) Iron is one of the most abundant minerals andthe most ------ to weathering.

A) resistantB) reliableC) convenientD) reluctantE) indifferent

254) Water and air pollution could one day

endanger the world's -------- of oxygen.

A) recoveryB) supplyC) extinctionD) exploitationE) decline

255) The physicians are ------- pleased with theprogress the patient is making, and she mayleave hospital tomorrow.

A) randomlyB) slowly

C) successfullyD) carefullyE) nearly

256) When he referred in his speech to "bio-complexity" most of the audience weresurprised and -------- what that word meant.

A) expectedB) suspectedC) wondered

D) improvedE) rejected

257) No plan is ever perfect, and strategists are------- trying to refine their plans for thefuture technological innovations.

A) uniformlyB) formerlyC) mentallyD) constantlyE) equally

258) The proposal put forward by the research

assistant was immediately -------- by thecommittee and the studies will shortly gointo effect.

A) made forB) taken upC) ruled outD) put offE) turned back

259) Over one million wheat farmers in Francehave been -------- business following theimport of heavily subsidised wheat fromItaly.

A) put out ofB) brought up toC) made up forD) played down toE) shown up to

260) If the ------- of profits falls in one area ofactivity, entrepreneurs may move theirresources to an industry where the returnsare higher.

A) phaseB) liabilityC) level

D) supplyE) policy

261) Almost all the villages in New Guinea aresurrounded by shrubby zones where peoplehave -------- the original rain forest andplanted gardens.

A) kept outB) wrapped upC) made upD) cleared awayE) sealed off




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262) In many countries training for industry hasalways been considered to be ------- theconcern of industry itself, not of the state.

A) sociallyB) primarilyC) suitably

D) firmlyE) reputedly

263) Recent studies have shown that smokersare more ------- to common colds and fluthan non-smokers.

A) feasibleB) susceptibleC) applicableD) reliableE) responsible

264) Even quite late in the twentieth century,

many men assumed that entry into certainprofessions was their ------- right.

A) independentB) exclusiveC) adequateD) excessiveE) confidential

265) Evidence of racial bias in sentencing helpedto convince certain states in America to ------capital punishment in the late 1960s andearly 1970s.

A) keep down

B) rule againstC) put outD) point outE) break through

266) In Britain the prime minister is stillappointed by the sovereign, but the latter's----- in the selection process may now besaid to be merely nominal.

A) explanationB) processC) exhaustionD) conservation

E) participation

267) He admits that he has not yet fully-------- thetrue implications or the logical conclusionsof his startling discovery.

A) given backB) thought outC) played downD) taken overE) backed out

268) ------- populated, rural Northumberland isone of the most unspoiled countries inEngland.

A) SparselyB) NearlyC) Primarily

D) SuitablyE) Efficiently

269) Anti-lock brakes (ABS) help you to maintainsteering control of your car even whilebraking on ------- roads.

A) lonesomeB) fastC) recklessD) slipperyE) stagnant

270) Few would ------- that corporations,

especially the multinational ones, areenormously powerful.

A) involveB) resumeC) promiseD) disdainE) deny

271) No -------- authority has the right to dictatewhether a state shall adopt a socialist or acapitalist economic policy.

A) comprehensiveB) outside

C) reputableD) irresponsibleE) compulsive

272) Natural disasters have been defined asecological disruptions exceeding theadjustment capacity of a community and------- outside assistance.

A) stepping upB) putting up withC) look afterD) calling forE) dealing with

273) A basic ------- of amphibious warfare isundoubtedly command of the sea.

A) withdrawalB) involvementC) determinationD) concessionE) requirement




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274) Bacteria have remarkable capacity for -------tolerance to previously lethal drugs.

A) acquiringB) denouncingC) deceivingD) repudiating

E) recovering

275) If you want that post you'd better applyquickly; the last day for ------- applications isFriday.

A) reversingB) withholdingC) enforcingD) submittingE) committing

276) In this paper I should like to report some ofthe results of an ------- study of two hundred

London families.A) extremeB) intrinsicC) intensiveD) emphaticE) apparent

277) For the present, the party is expected to putits differences aside and campaign ------- fora victory at the forthcoming elections.

A) vigorouslyB) awkwardlyC) precisely

D) distinctlyE) reluctantly

278) Industry has developed rapidly in certaincountries as raw materials are -------available there.

A) repeatedlyB) scarcelyC) consequentlyD) abundantlyE) indefinitely

279) I wasn't at all impressed by the ------- he

gave me.

A) distributionB) explanationC) determinationD) complicationE) negotiation

280) The problem of how to ------- the vastquantities of waste we produce requires oururgent attention.

A) bring upB) win over

C) find outD) put offE) deal with

281) Once the children have grown up I shallstart travelling again, and I'm really -------that.

A) passing on toB) waiting up forC) looking forward to

D) making up forE) going along with

282) The United Kingdom has made significantcontributions to the world economy, ----- intechnology and industry.

A) especiallyB) likelyC) eventuallyD) indispensablyE) favourably

283) Our challenge is to ------- our clients with the

best possible advice and support, enablingthem to take the right direction at bothstrategic and operational levels.

A) expandB) consultC) improveD) provideE) respect

284) Since most of the world’s commercialapples lack genetic diversity, they areunable to ------- a disease or a pest.

A) put away

B) hold upC) fight offD) get offE) break out

285) The 1990s have seen a general ------- in aidto poor countries, largely because of fiscalpressures in many rich countries.

A) consumptionB) declineC) contingencyD) convictionE) expenditure

286) The whole business of having meals at fixed------- is nothing but a social convention and,in modern life, a matter of convenience.

A) approachesB) substancesC) intervalsD) requirementsE) proportions




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287) The ------- was not a happy one at the time,but looking back on it I suppose I’m glad itoccurred.

A) improvementB) regressionC) encounter

D) intentionE) compromise

288) Questions of race, ethnicity, and religionhave been a ------- source of conflict inAmerican education.

A) previousB) perennialC) vulnerableD) naughtyE) casual

289) The contemporary world economy differs

------- from what the traditional economictheorists of the 1930s envisaged.

A) primarilyB) likelyC) converselyD) profoundlyE) intimately

290) When the rate of exchange began to riseagain, he felt --------- to call a meeting of thefinancial staff.

A) obligedB) blamed

C) consumedD) omittedE) rewarded

291) Since the 1950s modern dance in Europeand America has ------- a vigorous processof creativity.

A) castB) exploredC) constitutedD) relaxedE) followed

292) The assassination by terrorists of SignorAldo Moro, five times Prime Minister of Italy,in May 1978 was ------- by everyone as an actof barbarism.

A) applaudedB) appealedC) reiteratedD) condemnedE) restrained

293) The recent economic figures --------- that thecountry is slowly coming out of the crisis.

A) commitB) implyC) incurD) evolve

E) invoke

294) In recent years ------- complex and persistentproblems in economic and social fields haveled people to wonder why once comfortableanswers no longer seem adequate totoday’s questions.

A) generouslyB) inadvertentlyC) increasinglyD) ingeniouslyE) leisurely

295) I was greatly impressed by the way thejudge conducted the trial, --------- when itcame to summing up the case.

A) particularlyB) completelyC) sufficientlyD) effectivelyE) respectively

296) Asthma is a common ------ in which the airwayslining the lung become inflamed.

A) diagnosisB) disease

C) furyD) patientE) recovery

297) I was astonished to learn how such anexperienced man as Dr. Foster could ------ byher tricks.

A) looked upB) found outC) run overD) made upE) taken in

298) After that last incident, even the manageradmits that we can ------ their services.

A) go onB) do withoutC) put outD) show offE) break into




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299) Because of their high toxic contents, noneof these chemicals can ----- be permitted forexport to any country.

A) fruitfullyB) adequatelyC) presently

D) notoriouslyE) equivocally

300) People curious to get some idea of what it islike to be black in a country ----- by whitesneed look no further than Dennis Williams’snew novel “Crossover ”.

A) temptedB) underminedC) perpetratedD) runE) deemed

301) From the report released today it appearsthat oil tankers suffer their major ------- ontheir return journeys.

A) spillsB) costsC) repairsD) drillsE) crews

302) It is plain that the United Nations will not liftthe sanctions unless the Iraqi governmentfully ------- with the Security Councilresolutions.

A) matchesB) elaboratesC) compliesD) resumesE) accomplishes

303) When the chairman tried to explain hisviews to the shareholders at the -------general meeting, he was shouted down bythem with cries of “Resign!”.

A) annualB) minimalC) essential

D) ultimateE) recurrent

304) The Jewish immigrants, who ------- the boatin England, formed the bulk of the ethnicgroups arriving in a country historicallywary of foreigners.

A) took afterB) got offC) turned upD) made upE) showed off

305) Progress in materials research is ------- toovercoming such problems as the finitenessof the world’s resources and possibleshortages of strategic materials.

A) crucialB) inexpensive

C) adamantD) subversiveE) subsequent

306) I don’t know how we are going to ------- theexpected surge of immigrants into thecountry.

A) run throughB) cope withC) put outD) take downE) look over

307) He was rather ------ when he learned that hisproposal had been turned down.

A) hurried onB) sent awayC) found outD) seen toE) put out

308) At the board meeting, his suggestion was------ as it seemed politically controversial.

A) put outB) taken outC) held in

D) burst intoE) cast aside

309) Despite the gusty wind they were able to putout the fire before it ------ .

A) fell offB) was taken into accountC) was held outD) got out of handE) broke up

310) Following the bomb explosion in theshopping centre, the police have been

warning people to ------ any suspiciouslooking parcels.

A) rely onB) run throughC) take overD) watch out forE) send for

311) I can’t ------ the signature of the oil paint, butit has been signed.

A) make outB) turn out

C) turn overD) find outE) take up




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312) Before I send this article to the editor, Iwould be grateful if you could ------ it for me.

A) watch outB) look upC) break throughD) take over

E) go through

313) I had my doubts about her when I took heron, but now I’m pleased to say that she has------ to be a talented executive.

A) taken upB) run overC) turned outD) made outE) carried on

314) The operation weakened him, but he’llshortly ------ now that he knows he is coming

out of hospital.A) watch out forB) put throughC) keep up withD) made upE) pull through

315) If a part of the city is ------- residential use,no one may build a factory there.

A) borne downB) made forC) taken outD) zoned for

E) checked with

316) One of the disadvantages of growing olderis that you never seem to have theopportunity to ------ all of the sports youwould like to.

A) catch sight ofB) make room forC) lose track ofD) take part inE) set sail to

317) Aristotelianism ------ a geocentric view of the

universe and dealt with nature in qualitativerather than quantitative terms.

A) held outB) got aboutC) rested onD) sorted outE) worn off

318) No one knows when the oil wells of theworld will ------, but what is certain is thatbefore they do, alternative sources ofenergy must be developed.

A) dry upB) run up

C) back offD) drop offE) lay over

319) The Congress have ------ a big problem intheir economic policy: the unions won’t co-operate, and management doesn’t approveof what they are trying to do.

A) looked down uponB) cut down onC) fit up toD) got away withE) come up against

320) The manager who was said to have revealedthe plans so as to get financial benefit ------after the criticism from the share-holders.

A) set upB) stood forC) stepped downD) got overE) broke up

321) It has become a fashion among famouspeople to use some of their money to ------needy people.

A) comply withB) run forC) call offD) provide forE) sort out

322) In our national policies, we should -------growth of all sectors of our economy andnot just the export sector.

A) keep pace withB) run out ofC) lay emphasis onD) take advantage of

E) bear in mind

323) Medical professionals have always ------visual analysis to provide clues about apatients condition.

A) run throughB) relied onC) caught up withD) watched out forE) put out




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324) Before the meeting begins, it'd be advisableto remind him that he's not, on any account,to ------ the subject of unemployment.

A) look throughB) take backC) bring up

D) break outE) make out

325) I heard that this morning someone ------, butyou were out and they left.

A) paid inB) joined inC) called byD) got byE) passed out

326) Among the Maori of New Zealand, eachcommunity has developed its own way of

------ crimes and has chosen a number ofdifferent punishments to match them.

A) holding upB) coming alongC) dealing withD) paying forE) taking over

327) The population of the underdevelopedcountries is growing so fast that theagricultural activities there are unable to------ the progressively rising demand forfood.

A) keep up withB) make sure ofC) look out forD) bring upE) sort out

328) When sulfur dioxide emissions from electricpower plants ------- particles of water in theatmosphere, they fall to ground as acid rainor snow.

A) combine withB) range fromC) rely upon

D) compose ofE) put ahead

329) The two archaeologists have tried hard toread the inscription in old Latin, but I do notsuppose they have ------ what it literallymeans.

A) got away withB) written offC) taken afterD) made outE) brought up

330) It is hard for a tiger, especially aninexperienced one, to ------ how to attack ananimal that is facing it.

A) figure outB) keep awayC) rule out

D) fall backE) run over

331) I will be calling in at their office tomorrow,so I can ------ those documents for you if youlike.

A) cut downB) bring aboutC) put acrossD) pick upE) wipe out

332) Because critical periods occur throughout

pregrancy, a woman should continuously------ her health.

A) keep in withB) put up withC) find outD) take good care ofE) look up to

333) His theory seems, at first, to be plausible,but the facts in his research don't ------ .

A) turn upB) add upC) take after

D) make upE) back out

334) Babies of our age are healthier and better------ than those of the past and far fewer ofthem die in infancy.

A) disposed ofB) fed upC) rounded upD) looked intoE) cared for

335) Before the plane ------ , the flight attendant

told everyone to fasten their seat belts andput their chairs in an upright position.

A) borne outB) closed inC) turned upD) took offE) got down

336) The atmosphere ------ the earth as if it were ahuge roof.

A) breaks upB) makes for

C) hangs overD) puts offE) runs over




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337) Popular protest and extensive mediacoverage finally helped ------ change in thecountry's environmental policies.

A) keep offB) rule outC) bring about

D) point outE) break up

338) In the introduction to this book, the writer------ a foreign policy that makes world peacethe top priority.

A) calls forB) holds outC) keeps upD) puts onE) brings about

339) This radio station is based in Chicago,

which is 60 miles from here. That is why thebroadcast doesn't ------ clearly.

A) turn downB) get throughC) come inD) make offE) put down

340) Whatever the pressures put upon him, Ithink it is highly unlikely that James wouldever ------ anyone.

A) walk away withB) give in to

C) make up forD) get away withE) fall through

341) In the early twentieth century, a number ofscientists, who had been trained asphysicists, were interested in the study ofbiological organisms, and their efforts ------the field we now call “molecular biology ”.

A) took leave ofB) made up forC) gave rise toD) showed up

E) fell part

342) I don't know how we are going to ------ theexpected surge of immigrants into thecountry.

A) run throughB) cope withC) put outD) take downE) look over

343) In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices anduncontrolled clearing of natural vegetationhave transformed much of the country’shighlands ------- bare landscapes, but alldestroyed ------- erosion.

A) above / of

B) for / withC) into / byD) in / underE) to / at

344) Though only a handful of savants were even------ Newton's existence, he had arrived atthe point where he had become the leadingmathematician in Europe.

A) exposed toB) aware ofC) content withD) capable of

E) appropriate for

345) He's basically a very realient person, so youcan be sure he'll soon ------ thisdisappointment.

A) make outB) put throughC) get overD) look upE) give up

346) In an effort to ------ the rate of inflation, manybanks have raised their interest rates.

A) run out ofB) watch outC) stand byD) put outE) keep up with

347) I would like to open a private old people'shome but I don't know yet how to ------ it.

A) look throughB) set aboutC) rush openD) put onE) turn on

348) As my secretary will be away for a couple ofdays, would you be kind enough to ------ mycorrespondence?

A) play backB) bring offC) take care ofD) return toE) turn off




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349) The committee has ------ the matter, but theyhave found no irregularities.

A) looked intoB) taken offC) played downD) stood for

E) made up

350) Due to industrialization and colonization,the nineteenth century ------ the greatestexpansion of wealth the world had everknown.

A) brought aboutB) put offC) held upD) gave inE) set off

351) For legal reasons, our lawyer wants to ------

the papers thoroughly before we sign them.A) go overB) write offC) take inD) pull togetherE) check out

352) As soon as the leak in the tank was noticed,one of the engineers was naturally ------ .

A) taken afterB) run downC) made outD) sent for

E) turned up

353) There ------- many efforts to eradicateracism, but very little success ------- .

A) were / had been achievedB) had been / would have been achievedC) have been / has been achievedD) are / was achievedE) may be / will have been achieved

354) Evaporation ------- the process by which asolid or liquid ------- into vapour by heat.

A) had been / resolvedB) was / had resolvedC) has been / was resolvedD) may be / has resolvedE) is / is resolved

355) The Etruscans, who ------- a great part ofItaly about 900 BC, ------- from Asia Minor.

A) had colonised / originally cameB) colonised / had originally comeC) were colonised / have originally comeD) have colonised / originally comeE) were colonising / might originally come

356) He ------- his paper by saying that the entirehistory of human race ---- by transfers ofcultural and technological advance from onecivilisation to another.

A) concluded / had been markedB) concludes / would have been marked

C) has concluded / was markedD) had concluded / is markedE) will conclude / was being marked

357) Economic recession and risingunemployment, coupled ------- continuedincreases ------- retail food prices, havecurtailed consumption.

A) with / inB) through / throughC) by / forD) at / aboutE) within / over

358) The advance in the steel industry has beenmarked ------- a progressive increase -------size, complexity and capital outlay.

A) at / ofB) with / toC) over / fromD) by / inE) under / through

359) He is diplomatically qualified ------- tonegotiate for a mutual reduction of thearmed forces in the region.

A) enoughB) thoughC) as well asD) not onlyE) also

360) We ----- no problems whatsoever with thedam since it ---- forty years ago.

A) had / has been constructedB) have had / was constructedC) had had / had been constructedD) are having / is constructedE) were having / was being constructed

361) I was forced to admit that there was a dropin sales towards the end of the year ---------he had predicted.

A) such asB) even soC) in caseD) just asE) so far as




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362) The orders were that we ------- the areawithin hours to prevent further loss of life.

A) had evacuatedB) have to evacuateC) will have evacuatedD) had to evacuate

E) shall have to evacuate

363) The Deputy Prime Minister announced that itwas ------- early to propose amendments inthe legislation concerning industrialrelations.

A) as well asB) just soC) just asD) as soon asE) as yet too

364) The answer to the question ------- great art

can exist independently of religion will, ------,depend on society’s moral and aestheticvalues.

A) what / in the same wayB) even if / in due courseC) whether / to a large extentD) so that / in shortE) since / now and again

365) Clifford Goertz, probably ------- famousanthropologist in the world today, hasrevolutionised the way anthropology istaught on campuses.

A) moreB) mostC) the mostD) the moreE) a

366) Activists are those in a political movementwho insist on taking active steps towardstheir objectives ------- merely putting forwardan action program.

A) in order toB) rather thanC) as far as

D) in thatE) so long as

367) The very idea of establishing a literary‘canon’ has become -------- controversial thatthe people running the Library of Americahave wisely avoided using the term.

A) tooB) asC) suchD) soE) more

368) Thailand has lost half of its forests ------- itspopulation has ------- doubled in recentdecades.

A) as / more thanB) just as / mostlyC) so as / soon

D) in case / quiteE) because of / much

369) As he was not satisfied with the contents ofthe document, he declined to sign it, andnone of the members attempted to persuadehim to, ------- .

A) alsoB) tooC) as wellD) eitherE) yet

370) Under these circumstances he should neverhave been allowed to take charge of theoperation --------- he was the most senior ofthe officers available.

A) why everB) whetherC) even thoughD) wheneverE) so that

371) When the relief workers reached the sceneof the disaster, they immediately began tohelp --------- who could do nothing for -------- .

A) that / himselfB) them / theirC) those / themselvesD) these / ourselvesE) us / yourself

372) Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand, hesaid he didn’t know ------- it was, and addedthat it was not ------- .

A) which / himB) whose / hisC) who / herD) whom / us

E) that / theirs

373) They haven’t met for twelve years or more,but I understand they still write to --------- ata regular interval.

A) the otherB) each otherC) themselvesD) the othersE) one other




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374) It was foolish of me to turn down such anoffer; in fact ------- I think about it, ------- Iregret it.

A) as much / so much moreB) the more / as muchC) much / as much

D) the most / so muchE) the more / the more

375) The scheme has been --------- considerationfor a long time now, but I doubt whether itwill ever be put --------- effect.

A) under / intoB) within / throughC) for / toD) in / offE) over / ever

376) It was --------- his efforts that the two sides

finally agreed to hold talks --------- theprinciples of economic cooperation.

A) by / throughB) ever / forC) through / onD) with / atE) without / from

377) Why can’t you admit that --------- hard heworks, he will never manage to achieve whathis elder brother has achieved?

A) unlessB) whatsoever

C) thoughD) wheneverE) however

378) Many more people would doubtlessly haveattended the debate --------- they had knownin advance who the principal speakers were.

A) if onlyB) whileC) sinceD) afterE) until

379) If our delegates hadn’t shown themselveswilling to come to terms, those from othercountries ------- .

A) would be, too.B) wouldn’t have, either.C) had not, either.D) have had, too.E) would have, too.

380) In recent decades the efficiency of theUnited Nations --------- by a growing numberof countries.

A) will have been questionedB) was questionedC) had been questioned

D) would be questionedE) has been questioned

381) They set up a liaison office in East Africa formarketing their goods but now they wishthey --------- so.

A) had not doneB) have not doneC) would not doD) would not have doneE) never do

382) As the decade ------- to wind down, Mark

Morris ------- as our century’s youngest greatchoreographer.

A) has begun / had stoodB) will begin / is standingC) was beginning / has stoodD) begins / standsE) is beginning / has been standing

383) As ------- of our employees can afford cars of------- own, they all have to rely on publictransport.

A) few / themB) some / his

C) none / theirD) most / ourE) many / its

384) Private investments play ------ important a part inthe country’s long-running economic expansion------ no government dares to increase taxation onpersonal savings.

A) too / thatB) such / asC) much / soD) so / thatE) as / as

385) It seems likely that, by the end of the week,the costs involved in the construction of thebridge --------- by the Ministry.

A) would have been announcedB) would be announcedC) are being announcedD) will have been announcedE) have been announced




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386) In the past few months, our companydirector ------- more mettle than mostindustrialists ------- in an entire career.

A) had shown / have doneB) showed / would doC) shows / did

D) was showing / may have doneE) has shown / do

387) If they ------- what sort of a person he was,they ------- him their support.

A) would know / didn’t giveB) knew / won’t giveC) had known / wouldn’t have givenD) would have known / hadn’t givenE) have known / haven’t given

388) Of the many attempts that ------- to regulatelanguage one way or another, very few ------ .

A) were made / had succeededB) have been made / have succeededC) are made / succeededD) could have been made / will succeedE) are being made / may have succeeded

389) I don’t imagine he wrote the speech -------but ------- did so, certainly made a good jobof it.

A) for them / whomsoeverB) of his / somebodyC) by him / theyD) himself / whoever

E) themselves / whichever

390) His proposals ------- the new social securitypolicy seems more viable than any of theothers.

A) by way ofB) due toC) owing toD) in case ofE) as regards

391) There are situations ------- the best way toheal the patient is to help him die peacefully.

A) from whereB) in thatC) whenceD) for whomE) in which

392) Had they apologised for deliberatelyovercharging me, I ----- a complaint with theConsumers’ rights Office.

A) will not have filedB) may not have filedC) would not have filed

D) was not filingE) may not file

393) An acorn, left to itself becomes an oak, anda geneticist ------- its DNA to make it growinto an elm may justly be said ------- with itsnatural course.

A) altering / to have interferedB) having altered / to interfere

C) to alter / having interferedD) being altered / interferedE) to have altered / to be interfering

394) He’s certainly going to recommend that thechanges in the structure of the company beintroduced step by step, and ------- .

A) so I amB) so am IC) so do ID) I do, tooE) I also do

395) Do you really believe that the partyprogramme ------- it now stands, isdemocratic ------- to influence the vote in ourfavour.

A) as / enoughB) since / alsoC) where / as wellD) such as / tooE) that / even

396) ------- the recent rise in unemploymentlargely affects eastern Germany, there isconsiderable unrest in western Germany,too.

A) SinceB) In caseC) AlthoughD) UnlessE) Until

397) ------- he was campaigning for relection lastyear, he promised that ------- relected, hewould undertake to restructure the party.

A) Wherever / lestB) Because / whileC) As / since

D) While / unlessE) When / if

398) ------ the terms of the forthcoming tradeagreement, Japan wins parity ------- theUnited States.

A) Through / aboveB) By / ofC) From / fromD) Under / withE) After / over




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399) We have yet to take ------- consideration theproblem of how large future national armiesshould eventually be, regardless ------- theircurrent size.

A) onto / atB) in / in

C) for / withD) under / fromE) into / of

400) Of all the policies put into effect by theThatcher governments, ------- controversialwas the economic one.

A) mostB) the moreC) the mostD) moreE) mostly

401) If the others hadn’t voted in favor of theyounger candidate, I probably wouldn’t havedone so ------- .

A) evenB) eitherC) tooD) alsoE) as well

402) Scientists rely on computers to modelphenomena ------- would ------- be difficult toobserve.

A) whereby / in case

B) such as / nonethelessC) which / neverthelessD) that / otherwiseE) so that / in fact

403) The lawyer decided to call ------- of thewitnesses only and paid no attention to------- .

A) both / othersB) the two / any otherC) two / the othersD) some / anotherE) any / some others

404) ------- the embargo imposed on us is lifted inthe near future, we can’t hope for anyeconomic recovery.

A) WhereasB) WhileC) BecauseD) In caseE) Unless

405) We are prevented ------- completing theproject ------- time due to unforeseencircumstances.

A) from / onB) in / byC) by / in

D) at / overE) for / about

406) Several experts were working on the project,and each came up with some interestingproposals, and naturally ------- claimed that------- was the best.

A) many / eachB) some / itsC) we / itD) each / hisE) all / he

407) Today the expansion of knowledge inastronomy, physics, chemistry, and biologyis ------- vast and complex, and multiplying------- quickly to be mastered fully.

A) so / thatB) too / tooC) just as / asD) as well / asE) so / so

408) The Hollywood studio system in filmmaking, which began ------- 1920 andflourished from the early 1930s ------- the1950s is unique in Western culture.

A) throughout / intoB) around / throughC) by / untilD) within / overE) along / till

409) ------- proving useful in many scientificfields, computers-generated knowledge,------- Professor Hayes acknowledges, is notwithout pitfalls.

A) Although / becauseB) Since / while

C) While / asD) As long as / even ifE) Once / whether or not

410) ------- suggestion he may make as regardsthe tax rate, let’s not give any response------- we have discussed the matterthoroughly together.

A) However / whenB) Whyever / afterC) Whatsoever / whileD) Whatever / untilE) Whenever / before




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411) Most newspapers are of the opinion that if amajority of Scots really ------- independence,the British Parliament has no option but------- to their wishes.

A) did want / had accededB) wanted / have acceded

C) had wanted / would have accededD) do want / to accedeE) would have wanted / acceded

412) For a hundred years or so, some critics------- that poetry is dying and all that timepoets ------- poems that later generationsrecognise as great.

A) have maintained / have been writingB) maintained / wroteC) had maintained / were writingD) maintain / are writingE) would maintain / had been writing

413) What I ------- is that we ------- to thinkseriously about a thorough reform in thelegal system.

A) have proposed / should have begunB) had proposed / were beginningC) am proposing / beginD) was proposing / have begunE) proposed / had begun

414) When the Italian astronomer GiovanniSchiaparelli ------- a map of Mars in 1877, he------- a large number of straight linearfeatures, which he called “canali” that is“channels”.

A) publishes / has notedB) had published / was notingC) has published / notesD) published / notedE) would have published / had noted

415) If we ------- the terms of the contract, all thepaint-work in the building ------- finished bythe 5th of next month.

A) are to meet / will have to beB) were meeting / will be

C) met / would have had to beD) had met / is beingE) will meet / was being

416) We are confident that the management andthe workforce will get on well together aslong as ------- respects ------- .

A) the other / anotherB) both / itselfC) the one / anotherD) everyone / themselvesE) each / the other

417) The term "aborigines" signifies the originalinhabitants of any country, ------- the nativetribes of Australia.

A) with regard toB) due toC) in spite of

D) in particularE) according to

418) Today the United States, still by far -------prosperous country in the world, isincreasing its working hours ------- creating amore positive balance between work andleisure time.

A) the more / as well asB) most / in spite ofC) more / thanD) the most / instead ofE) the / just as

419) The telephone is at the centre of innovativetechnologies ------- may alter forever -------we receive and use information.

A) which / butB) so that / sinceC) that / howD) as / althoughE) whereas / in case

420) The editor thought that the new series ofarticles would prove very popular, butactually hardly ------- seems to have beenimpressed by it.

A) nobodyB) anyoneC) the otherD) any otherE) somebody

421) The report presents a general overview ofthe problems that ------- when a disaster ------nation.

A) would have been encountered / will hitB) are encountered / will hitC) have been encountered / had hit

D) had been encountered / was being hitE) will be encountered / hits

422) There have been some art critics who -------in depreciation of Van Gogh that he ------- adraughtsman all his life.

A) had maintained / has remainedB) have maintained / remainedC) were maintaining / had remainedD) maintained / would have remainedE) will maintain / remains




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423) The Romanian Privatisation Authorityannounced last week that Renault of France------- to be the sole bidder for a majoritystake in the national car company, Dacia,which ------- cheap cars for the domesticmarket.

A) would turn out / had madeB) has turned out / madeC) would have turned out / is makingD) is turning out / has madeE) might turn out / makes

424) Fish farming in the world seems to bedestined to expand, but it is ------- early topredict the likely extent of growth in thisfield.

A) as wellB) enoughC) too

D) asE) so far

425) Although the American writer KatherineAnne Porter used a variety of places -------the setting of her short stories and novels,she frequently came ------- to the scenes ofher early days.

A) through / overB) within / inC) for / backD) without / forE) under / up

426) British TV is still stuck ------- a regulatorystructure designed ------ a bygone age.

A) with / forB) off / withinC) up / inD) away / byE) through / over

427) In developing new collective defence policies,America and her European allies will ------ bedrawn closer together ------ drift irreversiblyapart.

A) either / orB) not only / but alsoC) so / thatD) both / andE) just as / so

428) Originally the sonnet was an Italian poeticalform which attained great popularity in theRenaissance, and ---- it was natural, ----- notessential, for Shakespeare and hiscontemporaries to use it.

A) while / thoughB) since / however

C) furthermore / rather thanD) already / evenE) hence / if

429) The book of "A Thousand and One Nights" is acollection of fascinating tales of the Orient, ofMixed Indian, Persian, Arabic, and Egyptianorigination, and first ----- in Europe by AntoineGalland's French translation in the earlyeighteenth century.

A) having knownB) to knowC) to be knownD) made knownE) to be made known

430) At the Brussels meeting over the lastweekend Madeleine Albright, The Americansecretary of State, ------- her allies that futureNATO missions ------- them further afield, butnot all over the world.

A) assures / is takingB) has assured / will have taken

C) assured / would takeD) had assured / tookE) was assuring / will take

431) They claim that their aim is to establish longterm cooperation ------- their customers, ------a basis of partnership and mutual trust.

A) for / overB) with / onC) by / throughD) from / inE) among / for

432) In their discussions concerning theproposed defence strategies, NATOdiplomats found they could not agree -------what the alliance was ---- , what weapons itwould threaten to use and in whatcircumstances.

A) on / forB) about / intoC) with / overD) by / aboutE) before / through

433) The collapse of Rome left ------- its wake alarge variety of ethnic communities -------

which modern European states emerged.

A) before / ofB) at / throughC) over / byD) in / fromE) within / with

434) Marxism ------- an important movement inBritain even though it ------- its origin here.

A) would never have been / takesB) had never been / would takeC) never was / has taken

D) would never be / would have takenE) has never been / took




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435) Germany’s weight in the European Union isknown, ------- what is not known, even to theGermans themselves, is ------- they are touse it.

A) but / howB) in case / because

C) unless / whyD) lest / untilE) otherwise / where

436) Edward Gibbon’s great book The History ofthe Decline and Fall of the Roman Empireinforms us ------- mankind’s predilection forfaction, augmented by environmental andcultural differences, is ------- determineshistory.

A) why / thatB) as / wherebyC) that / what

D) how / whoeverE) so that / whatever

437) It won’t be easy to find a replacement forhim, for ------- takes over is likely to meet thesame fate.

A) whatB) whichC) whereverD) whoeverE) whichever

438) The majority of ------- are apprehensiveabout new computer programmes, untilwe’ve actually tried them out for ------- .

A) him / himselfB) us / ourselvesC) them / themselvesD) ours / usE) theirs / ours

439) The history of the Venetian Republic ------- toan end in 1797 when Venice ------- over toAustria by Napoleon.

A) was coming / would have been handedB) came / was handed

C) had come / has been handedD) comes / had been handedE) would come / was being handed

440) More than half of the 850 asylum seekerscurrently detained in Britain ------- in prisonwith no right of appeal, even though the vastmajority ------- with any offence, let aloneconvicted.

A) were held / are not chargedB) are being held / have not been chargedC) have been held / would not be chargedD) being held / had not been charged

E) will be held / were not being charged

441) Over the past two decades, the Corsicans------ their idyllic island, which was wrestedby France from the Genoese in 1768, ------into terrorism, corruption and economicdecline.

A) have seen / sink

B) had seen / sankC) saw / to sinkD) would have seen / had sunkE) would see / had been sinking

442) For observers of international politics,March 1998 ------- as a month when theworld’s superpower relations ------- a hopefulnew turn.

A) will be remembered / may have takenB) had been remembered / would have takenC) may be remembered / tookD) has been remembered / would take

E) would be remembered / will have taken

443) Apparently, the talks held between the twogovernments concerning the prevention ofdrug-trafficking have not been constructive------- to produce any positive results.

A) justB) as wellC) alsoD) enoughE) so that

444) As far as I remember, it was in China thatthey first met and got interested in the damproject, -------?

A) don’t IB) wasn’t itC) do ID) was itE) did they

445) The East European countries are stronglyconvinced that European Economic aid,------- welcome, is not a substitute for marketaccess and eventual membership of theEuropean Union.

A) just asB) lestC) sinceD) whenE) though

446) One gathers from the press that a largemajority of the people are not in favour ofthe impeachment proceedings, and, frankly,I’m not, ------- .

A) eitherB) tooC) also

D) as wellE) even so




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447) The fundamental problem for North Africais that the region has ------ people ------ thearid environment can support.

A) not only / but alsoB) so many / thatC) such / as

D) more / thanE) as much / as

448) I did manage to keep my temper, but Icouldn't refrain ------ pointing ------ that whathe had done was wrong.

A) in / atB) at / toC) by / awayD) for / offE) from / out

449) It ------- a mistake to think that all bacteria

are harmful, for, without some species, we------- for long.

A) is / had not survivedB) would be / could not surviveC) will be / have not survivedD) has been / would not have survivedE) had been / did not survive

450) Over the last few years, consumer interestin organic agriculture ------ up dramatically,and demand ------ currently ahead of supply.

A) has shot / isB) shot / was

C) had shot / had beenD) is shooting / has beenE) was shooting / would be

451) Orwell ------- at that moment that when thewhite man ------- tyrant it is his own freedomthat he destroys.

A) perceived / would turnB) has perceived / turnedC) had perceived / has turnedD) would perceive / will turnE) perceived / turns

452) Great natural disasters cause -------widespread death ------ massive socialdisruption and outbreaks of epidemicdisease.

A) much / asB) so much / thatC) not only / but alsoD) as / asE) no sooner / than

453) Though they had ----- government backing ----- apotential home market, the company pouredbillions of dollars into the project and losteverything.

A) with / lessB) neither / nor

C) some / anyD) no / withoutE) few / more

454) Thesiger's passionate belief that traditionalsocieties around the world ------- against themodern onslaught ------- fierce criticism.

A) were protected / will attractB) have been protected / had attractedC) are being protected / was attractingD) ought to be protected / has attractedE) would have been protected / would attract

455) All the reports ----- handed in last week, butsome of them still ------- me.

A) should have been / haven't reachedB) were / didn't reachC) have been / won't reachD) had been / didn't reachE) would have been / don't reach

456) David Dickinson’s new play is a fairy-taleromance, ------- a pregnant woman searchesfor the father of her child during a torrentialrainstorm.

A) who

B) by whomC) thatD) in whichE) whose

457) The true ecologist need not be a specialistat all, ------- his views should reflect thepractical wisdom of ordinary people.

A) forB) whereC) whetherD) in caseE) that

458) ------ half of the budget of the US NationalInstitute on Ageing is spent on research intoAlzheimer’s disease.

A) More ofB) Rather thanC) OtherD) The mostE) As much as




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459) More importantly, Dobson's book is areminder of ------- powerful and radical greenthinking can be.

A) ever soB) how farC) wherever

D) much moreE) just how

460) You didn't have to invite all those people outfor lunch, so why ------?

A) didn't youB) did youC) have youD) haven't youE) don't you

461) This poem is generally supposed ----- in thefifteenth century, but some people date it

even earlier.A) being composedB) to be composedC) to have been composedD) having been composedE) to have composed

462) The failure so far to produce evidence of lifeon any planet but ------- has given continuedstrength to the belief in the uniqueness ofEarth.

A) usB) their

C) oursD) ourE) them

463) He ------- that the forests ------- to theirnatural inhabitants, that is, to all varieties ofliving things.

A) suggests / be returnedB) suggested / to be returnedC) has suggested / to have been returnedD) had suggested / are being returnedE) would have suggested / return

464) With the help of satellite images, theIndonesian government ------ that it is thetimber companies which ------ the massdestruction of their rain forests.

A) will show / would have causedB) would have shown / had causedC) had shown / were causingD) shows / had been causingE) has shown / are causing

465) By the late 1980s, a surge of prosperity ------across southeast Asia, but in somecountries of the region the economicstructure ------ sufficiently to the benefit fromthis trend.

A) would sweep / could not have developed

B) would have swept / has not developedC) was sweeping / had not developedD) has swept / was not developedE) could have swept / was not developing

466) The ridicule that ------- upon him by leadingscientists of the day ------- to the novelty ofhis thinking.

A) is being heaped / would testifyB) has been heaped / testifiedC) had heaped / has testifiedD) was heaping / had testifiedE) was heaped / testifies

467) When I ------- as a fully licensed geneticist in96, I thought I knew everything there was------- about genetics.

A) had been graduated / to be knownB) graduated / to knowC) was graduated / to have knownD) have been graduated / knownE) have graduated / to have been known

468) Perhaps these people are ------- ignorant torealize ------- serious a threat these fertilizersare to their health.

A) more / thanB) so / whyC) as much / asD) too / just howE) not only / but also

469) I would have thought that only ----- naiveworker could be deceived by -------assurances.

A) the more / neitherB) a most / eachC) the most / suchD) a much / any

E) most / same

470) The motive was ------- aesthetic and social------- they sought to bring good designwithin the reach of the ordinary man.

A) so / in thatB) both / becauseC) just as / thatD) as much / asE) too / therefore




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471) He said I was submitting my applicationform rather late, but now I find ------- havestill not submitted ------- .

A) most / theirB) none / anyC) many / it

D) others / theirsE) a few / these

472) In order to understand the implications ofresearch ------- brain development one has tomake a systematic study ------- what childrenknow.

A) on / intoB) for / byC) through / beyondD) over / atE) after / before

473) The arrival of Europeans in Americadislocated traditional ways of life andaltered the world ------- recognition.

A) forB) beyondC) atD) offE) from

474) I sent an mail to everyone in the department,asking for articles for this special issue, but------- there has been no response.

A) so long

B) on timeC) until thenD) even laterE) so far

475) The crisis is particularly serious ------- awhole series of related issues ranging fromunemployment to health benefits areinvolved.

A) so asB) as well asC) in order thatD) as for

E) since

476) He felt that soil drainage should be kept to aminimum ------- much of the rainfall could beretained ------- soil moisture.

A) so that / asB) even though / such asC) whereas / likeD) whereby / suchE) whether / or

477) If we are to prevent the flow of toxicmaterials into the water reservoirs of thecountry, there is no other possible schemeavailable, ------- ?

A) isn't itB) aren't we

C) is thereD) isn't thereE) are we

478) It looks ------- the hiring committee isn'timpressed by his qualifications, and I don'tthink the manager of the company is, ------- .

A) like / alsoB) as if / eitherC) so that / as wellD) though / tooE) just as / neither

479) If he ------ the conditions of the insurancepolicy carefully, he ------- that it did not coversuch eventualities.

A) has read / realisedB) reads / has realisedC) is reading / realisesD) were reading / had realisedE) had read / would have realised

480) Ever since the advent of industrialisation,social scientists -------- the term "themasses" to "the people".

A) have preferred

B) had preferredC) will have preferredD) would have preferredE) would prefer

481) In the 1960s, the modernist idea that there------ only one authentic style for the modernage ----- in favour of the ideas of the pluralityof styles.

A) could be / will have been rejectedB) can be / is rejectedC) could have been / is being rejectedD) could be / was rejected

E) can be / would be rejected

482) When photography first appeared, somepeople predicted that it -------- the death ofpainting.

A) will have causedB) will causeC) would have causedD) causedE) would cause




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483) In the end, he admitted that he -------- the fire-------- at such a speed.

A) hadn't expected / to spreadB) didn't expect / to have spreadC) wasn't expecting / spreadingD) hadn't been expecting / having spread

E) wouldn't expect / to be spreading

484) The name Adonis was given -------- a streamrising in Mount Lebanon which runs red-------- the soil of the hills after a sudden fallof rain.

A) in / byB) for / inC) at / fromD) to / withE) by / over

485) In the Franco-Prussian war, balloons were

used to maintain the city's contacts --------the outside world ------- the siege of Paris.

A) from / overB) with / duringC) for / atD) through / inE) out of / under

486) The sustaining role of the family may gounappreciated ------- the younger members,but the older ones are fully aware -------- itsvalue.

A) for / from

B) by / ofC) from / offD) to / byE) with / into

487) Wellington's abandonment of an attempt tomake a Tory government was not -------- dueto the threats of civil war -------- to Peel'srefusal to join a Tory government.

A) so far / as ifB) as / asC) as much / thanD) so much / as

E) even / more

488) Income tax can be fitted more closely to theindividual taxpayer's ability than -------- tax.

A) any otherB) anyC) otherD) someE) one another

489) The occupational psychologist is oftenregarded by industrialists as being--------academic to serve any practical purpose.

A) too muchB) soC) too

D) moreE) as much

490) In the works of many twentieth-centurydramatists, it is possible to see ------- theindividual writer's ideas and experience ------some of the social and politicaldevelopments of his period.

A) as much / asB) not only / but alsoC) only / such asD) more / thanE) whether / or

491) --------- Henri Toulous Lautrec, a Frenchpainter who was happy to design postersand to illustrate books, many modern artistshave found it necessary to supplement theirincomes in various ways.

A) Due toB) FirstlyC) DespiteD) In case ofE) Like

492) Many of the company's shareholders feltthat such a drastic change in policy wasunnecessary, and ------- .

A) I would, tooB) neither did IC) so did ID) I wouldn't eitherE) I don't either

493) ------- the past few decades South Korea,Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong haveachieved the fastest rates ------- economicgrowth the world has ever seen.

A) Within / at

B) During / ofC) In / overD) After / inE) Over / about

494) The works of the ancient Greek physicianHippocrates commonly known as the"Hippocratic Collection", consist ------- about70 works, ------- which only a relatively smallnumber are possible by him.

A) in / forB) for / inC) of / of

D) at / aboutE) by / within




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495) ------- the computerized Dutch auctionsystem, the flower industry gets flowers intoour homes when they are stil l ------- theirbest.

A) Under / atB) At / in

C) From / withD) Until / toE) Within / for

496) Diesel engines are more efficient thangasoline engines ------- the fact that a largerproportion of the fuel used is burned.

A) consequentlyB) followingC) owing toD) contrary toE) so that

497) The great bulk of industrial work nowadaysinvolves the use of machines, and it iscertain that mechanization will proceed ------in the future.

A) as well asB) on the other handC) just asD) ever sinceE) further still

498) Let's take the ferry to Bandırma from whereit's only a short drive to Bursa, ------- drivingall the way from !stanbul to Bursa.

A) as well asB) more thanC) besidesD) instead ofE) except for

499) Few things ------- unnerved the Spanishconquerors of the New World ------- theprospect of death on Aztec sacrificial stone.

A) as / asB) so / asC) not only / but alsoD) neither / nor

E) so / that

500) Some anthropologists think that man todayis ------- honest -------- he was hundreds andthousands of years ago.

A) much / asB) the less / thanC) the least / ofD) little / asE) less / than

501) Until the eighteenth century comparativelinguistic studies did not progress -------beyond the stage where ancient Greek andRoman grammarians had left them.

A) so much asB) too much

C) eitherD) very muchE) just in case

502) Julius Caesar ------- a great historian if themaking of history ------- him the time and theinclination to write it.

A) could be / could have allowedB) would be / allowedC) had been / would have allowedD) would have been / could allowE) could have been / had allowed

503) Early in 1940, when Europe was already atwar, Hitler ------- the sale of uranium from theCzech mines he ------- over.

A) has banned / has takenB) had banned / tookC) banned / had takenD) bans / was takingE) was banning / had been taking

504) Physics, as it ------- at the end of thenineteenth century, ------- to as classicalphysics.

A) has been known / might be referred

B) is known / has beenC) had been known / had been referredD) was known / is referredE) might have been known / was referred

505) Sometimes people select certain foods thatthey believe ------- their physical appearanceand avoid those they believe -------detrimental.

A) have improved / would have beenB) are improving / wereC) improve / might beD) improved / had been

E) would have improved / have been

506) Much health education in recent years -------towards the view that heavy drinker -------subject for amusement but for practicalhelp.

A) has been directed / is notB) was being directed / wouldn't beC) is directed / won't beD) had been directed / was notE) is being directed / hasn't been




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507) It is not unusual for advertising campaigns------- even before the new products -------onto the market.

A) to have been launched / have comeB) to be launched / comeC) being launched / will come

D) having been launched / are comingE) to have been launched / will have come

508) Galileo originated the method of controlledexperiment ------- now forms the basis ofscientific investigation.

A) whatB) whoC) whereD) whomE) which

509) Unfortunately, the world's forest -------- at

such a rate that the remaining tropicalrainforests ------- by the middle of thecentury.

A) will be logged / would have been destroyedB) has been logged / is destroyedC) is being logged / will have been destroyedD) was being logged / is being destroyedE) would be logged / were being destroyed

510) The continuing controversy -------- in 1924 byP. Hubble, who found that the great spiralnebula in Andromeda -------- Cepheldvariables.

A) was being settled / has containedB) has been settled / containsC) had been settled / containedD) was settled / containedE) would be settled / contain

511) If weather forecasters -------- warnings ofstorms on time telecommunicationscompanies -------- to take steps to protecttheir satellites.

A) could have provided / had been ableB) could be providing / will be ableC) can provide / would have been able

D) could have provided / should be ableE) could provide / would be able

512) Up to the present time, oceanographers ------lots of seafloor mountains they --------existed.

A) were finding / don't knowB) have found / haven't knownC) are finding / didn't knowD) will find / wouldn't knowE) will have found / hadn't know

513) It was the first canal of the US artificialwaterways built -------- the Great Lakes withsea.

A) connectingB) to be connectedC) to have connected

D) to connectE) having connected

514) Had she realised just how potentiallydangerous her discovery was, she wouldsurely have suppressed it, ------?

A) didn't sheB) wouldn't sheC) hadn't sheD) wasn't itE) wouldn't it

515) The prohibition -------- growing some sorts of

plants without official permission preventsfarmers -------- growing anything by anymeans.

A) over / overB) in / toC) from / throughD) on / fromE) of / by

516) ------ what extent does her book deal ----- theproblem of light pollution?

A) To / withB) On / to

C) With / aboutD) For / inE) At / by

517) There is a discussion -------- sending abacterium, genetically engineered to digestatomic wastes -------- a space shuttle toMars.

A) about / overB) of / onC) for / withD) for / afterE) over / from

518) The laboratory team endeavours ------ togenerate power as efficiently and cheaply aspossible, ----- to apply it economically.

A) so / unlessB) even / just asC) not only / but alsoD) as much / as ifE) most / that




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519) Chemical industry in the world developedvery quickly from 1935 ------, especially inthe organic sector of the industry.

A) onwardsB) upwardsC) afterwards

D) outwardsE) towards

520) ------- any outside impacts, certain chemicalimpurities would make such explosivesunstable if they were kept in warmconditions.

A) InvolvingB) IncludingC) In caseD) Contrary toE) Even without

521) --------- just simply transmitting voice, theJoint Testical Radios System (JTRS), as thePentagon refers to it, will also be able tocarry video and data transmissionssimultaneously.

A) Rather thanB) According toC) Due toD) In contrast toE) In spite of

522) Repair and maintenance are perhaps themost important ones of the numerous tasks-------- engineers are responsible for in timeof a disaster.

A) by whichB) what forC) whichD) thatE) for whom

523) Meanwhile, unemployment ------- a vast scalehit basic industries, and a series of strikesemphasised the contrast ------- labour idealsand post-war effects.

A) through / through

B) in / overC) to / amongD) over / underE) on / between

524) The Janissaries were mainly recruited -------conquered Christian lands and gained greatpower ------- Süleyman The Magnificent inthe 16th century.

A) across / afterB) from / overC) within / byD) in / under

E) over / before

525) The union of Great Britain and Ireland finallycame ------- force ------- 1st , January, 1980,through ambitious efforts of wisepoliticians.

A) by / untilB) at / at

C) into / onD) with / throughE) on / in

526) In the States, a person travelling 10 miles towork every day by train instead of by carsaves ------- 34 gallons of petrol per year.

A) as much asB) the mostC) so much moreD) equal toE) even more

527) The new organisation ------- advises privateenterprises on their staff problems, ------gives vocational advice to school leavers.

A) both / butB) thus / alsoC) more / andD) even / soE) not only / but also

528) ------- business plans were failing tomaterialise, while ------ were progressing at avery high speed.

A) Those / each

B) All / eitherC) Each / anotherD) Some / othersE) Any / none

529) ------- fighting the bitterly cold temperatures,any explorer attempting to do researches inthe Arctic has ------- to battle with the strongtidal pull on the ice.

A) Besides / alsoB) As well as / even soC) In spite of / as muchD) Including / moreover

E) Contrary to / nevertheless

530) Although every philosopher since Plato ------the relationship between humour andlaughter, Freud ------- the first person to putforward a conclusive theory.

A) has considered / wasB) considered / would beC) was considering / isD) would consider / has beenE) has been considering / had been




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531) When I accidentally broke Mr. SeyfiHoca’santique bowl, he made me feel as if I ------- acriminal.

A) am beingB) have beenC) am

D) wereE) had been

532) Without doubt the position of the smallerenterprises ------- only slightly even if allthese changes ------- .

A) has improved / had been introducedB) would improve / were introducedC) will improve / would be introducedD) improved / have been introducedE) would have improved / will be introduced

533) The authorities in Malaysia ------- that the

country's highly qualified youngresearchers -------- by foreign companies ascheap labour.

A) are worrying / were usedB) were worried / have been usedC) are worried / are being usedD) worry / had been usedE) have worried / will have been used

534) William Shakespeare is considered to havebeen the most important literary person inBritain although, as we -------, there -------many other English poets and novelistsbefore him.

A) know / wereB) have known / had beenC) knew / have beenD) had known / areE) might have known / would have been

535) Despite the fact that several people madesimilar suggestions, ------- of Mr. SeyfiHocawere met with ------- approval.

A) some / allB) those / everyone'sC) any / his

D) most / oursE) which / nobody's

536) It is almost impossible to find anothercouple ------ opinions on every matter are thesame.

A) whichB) whoC) thatD) whoseE) what

537) Scientists estimate that the wildlife will be------- danger of extinction within forty yearsas long as numbers diminish ------- this rate.

A) in / atB) by / onC) over / from

D) under / fromE) at / throughout

538) All cells, whether they come from animals,plants or bacteria, contain ------- elements invery nearly ------ proportions.

A) more / thanB) the more / moreC) some / the mostD) the same / the sameE) the other / the most

539) Recommendations to reduce several

diseases' risks cover ------- screening -------intervention.

A) either / butB) more / thanC) such / thatD) some / just asE) both / and

540) Under suitable circumstances, unsaturatedfats, such as those found in olive oil, areusually liquid, ------- saturated fats, such asthose found in butter, are solid.

A) whereas

B) besidesC) unlessD) whetherE) as far as

541) France, which is one of the largest marketfor mobile phones, plans to limit their use----- growing concern about the effects ofelectromagnetic radiation on the brain.

A) in order toB) as a result ofC) despiteD) by means of

E) in terms of

542) -------- two-thirds of the energy an averageperson spends every day supports thebody's metabolic activities.

A) Much ofB) ProvidedC) At leastD) Such asE) So




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543) In his book the psychiatrist Martin Grotjohnclaims that ------- a baby begins to smile andlaugh, ------ intelligent he or she is likely toprove it.

A) the earlier / the moreB) as early / as much

C) earlier / moreD) the earliest / the mostE) as early as / the most

544) If there ------- and delay in getting her tohospital, the consequence of the event ------fatal.

A) is / would have beenB) were / will have beenC) has been / isD) will be / would beE) had been / could have been

545) The use of preservatives in foodmanufacturing ------- steadily over the pastfew decades and ------- no signs of abating.

A) had risen / would showB) would rise / will showC) has risen / showsD) would have risen / had shownE) rose / will show

546) Provided that he ------- reasonable care ofhimself, the old man has every chance of------- a complete recovery.

A) has taken / having been made

B) took / having madeC) will take / being madeD) takes / makingE) was taking / having to make

547) A new booklet ------- which ------ to give theinterested layman an overall picture ofcontemporary medicine.

A) is being published / will have beendesigned

B) has been published / has been designedC) had been published / had designedD) would have been published / designed

E) will have published / is being designed

548) When their body size is considered,mammals and birds have much larger brainsthan ------- .

A) that other vertebrates haveB) are other vertebratesC) other vertebrates doD) other vertebrates areE) another vertebrate can

549) Workers who inhale large quantities -------manganese dust ------- a long period of time,may show symptoms of a brain disease.

A) from / duringB) out of / inC) by / before

D) of / overE) through / after

550) Some diseases are caused ------- asinglcelled parasite that invades the redblood cells ------- its host.

A) from / inB) through / fromC) of / ofD) out of / inE) by / of

551) The problem with antiseptics is that -------

killing germs, they ------- kill the surroundingtissues.

A) far / fromB) so far as / tooC) as much as / bothD) besides / as wellE) as well as / also

552) Beethoven’s seventeen string quartetteshold ------- the same position in chambermusic ------- his symphonies hold in theorchestral repertoire.

A) as / that

B) much / asC) quite / whetherD) just / whatE) thus / than

553) Post offices don't have enough space tocope ------- the tremendous increase -------demand for PO boxes.

A) with / inB) on / ofC) up / forD) for / uponE) through / from

554) Even prior to the 1930's, Swedish banksplayed an important role ----- the financing------- long-term industrial projects.

A) at / forB) for / inC) in / ofD) by / withE) into / over




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555) In Belgium, compensation ------- accidents atwork and occupational illness is exclusivelythe concern ------- employers.

A) over / fromB) in / byC) from / for

D) for / ofE) at / over

556) More than ------- invention of the last eightyyears or so, television has been the mostharmful to family life.

A) some otherB) anotherC) the otherD) any moreE) any other

557) Our sales are down again this month, -------

A) and they also areB) and so are theirsC) and neither are theirsD) but theirs aren't eitherE) but they are too

558) Several important ports, ------- export timber,are situated on the shores of the White Sea.

A) most of whichB) that many of themC) those whichD) whichever of themE) of which they

559) Once the occupying forces -------, manyseemingly innocent people were accused of------- with the enemy.

A) were leaving / to have been collaboratedB) were leaving /collaboratedC) have left / being collaboratingD) will leave / collaboratingE) had left / having collaborating

560) Although the metropolitan theatres ------- amonopoly there for a long time, recentlyseveral private theatres -------

A) would hold / are being openedB) had hold / had been openedC) were holding / will be openedD) held / have been openedE) have held / were opened

561) In 1906 at Bo"azköy, several thousandcuneiform tablets ------- and most of them------- now on exhibit in the Anatoliancivilizations museum in Ankara.

A) have been discovered / wereB) were discovered / are

C) have been discovered / had beenD) would have been discovered / are beingE) had discovered / have been

562) One oil company, in particular, claims -------its best to balance economic progress withenvironmental care and socialresponsibility.

A) to be doneB) having done

C) doingD) having been doneE) to have done

563) Had it not been for the variety and flexibilityof its trades, Huddersfield, like so many ofthe other textile towns, ------- into a declinein the 20th century.

A) was goingB) had goneC) would have goneD) would goE) had been gone

564) ------- the letters written by so many parents,the headmaster agreed not to expel theboys.

A) In response toB) With reference toC) In case ofD) Apart fromE) Pertaining to

565) Henry VII's foreign policy was unheroic andunspectacular, ------- did he go to war andthat was when he invaded France.

A) this onceB) never beforeC) once againD) only onceE) once more

566) Bennett's novel “The Old Wives's Tale” isthe one ------- he is likely to be best knownby posterity.

A) whoseB) for whomC) by whichD) in which

E) that

567) Infectious diseases are those which arecaused ------- an invasion of the body -------organisms from outside.

A) by / byB) through / withC) over / throughD) in / withoutE) upon / within




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568) He looked ------- nervously ------- his shoulderhoping that no one was paying him anyattention.

A) out / ofB) up / throughC) back / over

D) down / fromE) in / for

569) We know nothing at all about the company'snew chairman ------- that he's just had hisfiftieth birthday.

A) sinceB) insteadC) in caseD) on conditionE) except

570) ------- wins will be expected to take the rest

of us for a meal.A) WhoeverB) WhoC) WhomeverD) WhomsoeverE) Whatever

571) Today, ------- rapid transportation andcommunications, the whole world isbecoming one community with commoneconomic interests.

A) as long asB) in spite of

C) just asD) because ofE) such as

572) Of all the drugs that have been prescribedso far, this has proved to be ------- effectiveone.

A) mostB) the mostC) moreD) just asE) the more

573) Of course nobody knows what the outcomeof the election -------, but at the momentMalcolm ------- as the most likely candidate.

A) would have been / is being regardedB) is / has been regardedC) was / would have been regardedD) will be / is regardedE) has been / has been regarded

574) The doctors are of the opinion that if thedisorder ------- a few months earlier, it -------treated successfully.

A) had been diagnosed / could have beenB) were diagnosed / would beC) has been diagnosed / will be

D) is being diagnosed / is beingE) were to be diagnosed / has been

575) He's certainly going to recommend that thechanges in the structure of the company beintroduced step by step, and ------- .

A) so I amB) so am IC) so do ID) I do, tooE) I also do

576) Several members of the research team

haven't handed in their reports yet, and Imust admit I haven't --------- .

A) as wellB) tooC) eitherD) alsoE) neither

577) Acid rain only became a ---------environmental issue in the 1980s followinggroundbreaking studies in the 1970s.

A) previousB) deceitful

C) recklessD) destructiveE) prominent

578) Using the dam to genarate power would not--------- the treaty with the neighbouringcountry, but diverting water out of the river.

A) intimidateB) betrayC) violateD) convertE) fetch

579) The --------- that terrorists use the moneyfrom regions that finance them to theirtarget country are often identical to thoseused by criminal gangs.

A) regulationsB) methodsC) provisionsD) lawsE) admissions




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580) In the wake of yet another financial scandal,the chief accountant handed in his --------- tothe director.

A) retirementB) redundancyC) promotion

D) resignationE) vacancy

581) The American constitution with its variousconstraints --------- to protect citizens canactually shield criminals.

A) discoveredB) complainedC) persuadedD) designedE) displayed

582) The foreman has a way of making most

people do what he wants, but somehow Idon't think he'll manage to --------- the newdirector!

A) get aroundB) make up forC) turn overD) keep up withE) rule out

583) The man who created the firs computervirus has been sentenced to 20 months inan American federal prison, it is generallyagreed that he has been --------- very lightly.

A) shown uponB) let offC) taken downD) given upE) brought in

584) The members of the special commissionson crime, some of --------- were appointed bythe mayor, still meet on a regular basis.

A) thatB) whoseC) whomD) who

E) which

585) --------- the Civil War, those years turned outto be golden era for the manganeseindustry.

A) DespiteB) ObviouslyC) AlthoughD) Pertaining toE) Nevertheless

586) Unfortunately, --------- stamping out thedrugs trade, these programs are simplyforcing drug growers to move into moreinaccessible regions.

A) besidesB) rather than

C) in addition toD) due toE) as for

587) Indeed, the situation is such that chairmanhas finally promised to implement --------- thecommittee recommends.

A) whoeverB) howeverC) if everD) as everE) whatever

588) Unfortunately, --------- current productivitygrowth looks impressive, the rise in profitsover the coming years is likely to provedisappointing.

A) sinceB) just asC) even thoughD) ifE) which

589) The biggest accounting issue raised ---------the energy company is --------- accountingstandards.

A) by / overB) to / toC) for / underD) through / withinE) from / into

590) Crying which starts, --------- birth, is analarm system that attracts the parent and itcan be switched off --------- parentalattention.

A) with / forB) at / byC) for / with

D) from / onE) by / through

591) Since 1998, US federal government hasmore than doubled its spending ---------defence --------- biological weapons andchemical weapons.

A) for / withB) of / toC) on / againstD) in / fromE) with / over




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592) Items --------- display in this museum wereobtained --------- mosques, Turkish baths,fountains and caravanserais dating back tothe Ottoman period.

A) on / fromB) in / by

C) for / out ofD) within / ofE) with / at

593) Following Fours Mars mission losses, anindependent report paints a very clearpicture of --------- what ails the US spaceprogram, --------- what must be done fix to it.

A) whether / throughB) either / orC) how / andD) thus / thatE) not only / but also

594) Basically a country has two objectives inimposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue forgovernment, --------- is to protect homeindustries by raising the price of competinggoods from abroad.

A) otherB) bothC) anotherD) the otherE) each

595) This part of Africa is growing greener again--------- that families who fled to wettercoastal regions are starting to go home.

A) so farB) to such an extentC) even soD) as a resultE) even more

596) While the parades for the opening ofparliament --------- , the president --------- asobering message for his countrymen.

A) had rehearsed / preparedB) have been rehearsed / has prepared

C) were being rehearsed / was preparingD) are rehearsing / is preparingE) had been rehearsed / would prepare

597) Though we still --------- a long way to go, alot of --------- in developing now medicalprocedures to deal with diseased issue.

A) had had / had been accomplishedB) had / has been accomplishedC) have had / was accomplishedD) are having / was being accomplishedE) have / is being accomplished

598) Soon customs officers --------- to use X-raytechnology --------- cavities in vehicles fordrugs.

A) have been able / having scannedB) are able / scannedC) were able / to be scanned

D) will be able / to scanE) would have been able to / to have scanned

599) As acquisition opportunities within the EU--------- less, western European energycompanies --------- to turn eastwards in thehunt for expansion opportunities.

A) grow / are being forcedB) will grow / would have been forcedC) are growing / would be forcedD) have grown / had been forcedE) grew / have been forced

600) If Britain --------- the euro, say in 2006, thestability pact --------- highly important.

A) will be joining / is becomingB) has joined / will have becomeC) will have joined / will becomeD) would join / has becomeE) were to join / would become

601) Whatever else --------- the British Empire forso long, it was not Britain's educationsystem.

A) was sustainedB) has sustained

C) sustainsD) sustainedE) to have sustained

602) Studies of the survivors of the atomic bombblasts and radiation accidents have ---------demonstrated the leukemogenic effect ofradiation.

A) reluctantlyB) properlyC) sensitivelyD) unmistakablyE) understandably

603) Malnutrition and undernutrition are not -------to the Third World; they also occur inaffluent societies.

A) exposedB) permittedC) restrictedD) disposedE) convinced




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604) In the past 25 years, new knowledge aboutcancer has led to changes in dietary ---------for the public.

A) disordersB) admissionsC) obligations

D) obsessionsE) recommendations

605) Biotechnology offers opportunities toimprove the quality and --------- value offoods.

A) nutritionalB) conditionalC) collectiveD) deceptiveE) complacent

606) Our paediatrician said we should always

--------- her if the little boy’s temperaturecontinued for more than 24 hours.

A) come acrossB) get in touch withC) look forward toD) make up toE) look into

607) Only after a great deal of pressure had been--------- the registrar did he agree to give upthe recovery ward in favour of a secondoperating theatre.

A) weighed up

B) taken toC) put onD) brought downE) turned over

608) He claims he has --------- a cure for thecommon cold, but I don’t suppose he has.

A) waited forB) made sure ofC) put throughD) taken care ofE) come up with

609) Over morphological lesions are relativelylate manifestations of nutritional disorderand may be preceded --------- long periods oftime --------- functional deficits.

A) through / toB) in / fromC) for / byD) over / forE) at / through

610) If Julie --------- herself like that while wewere away, she --------- from anorexianervosa today.

A) hasn’t starved / wouldn’t sufferB) didn’t starve / isn’t sufferingC) hadn’t starved / wouldn’t be suffering

D) wouldn’t starve / won’t be sufferingE) wasn’t starving / isn’t suffering

611) Health Watch, which, initially at least, ---------by pharmaceutical companies, --------- anaggressive campaign against naturalmedicines.

A) was financed / is wagingB) had financed / was wagingC) has been financed / had wagedD) was being financed / had been wagingE) will be financed / would wage

612) From time to time, many different theories ofheredity --------- , only some of which ---------valid now.

A) had been advanced / had beenB) were advanced / would beC) are advanced / wereD) have been advanced / areE) will be advanced / would be

613) It would be foolish of them not ---------genetic advice as their first child wasabnormal.

A) to seek

B) having soughtC) to have soughtD) seekingE) being sought

614) The students who ------- a top grade inpharmacology were admitted topostgraduate studies.

A) have receivedB) had receivedC) receiveD) will receiveE) are receiving

615) Depression could be one of the fastestgrowing ailments of the 21st century, ---------young and unmarried people most ---------risk.

A) about / inB) for / fromC) through / ofD) of / onE) with / at




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616) Unfortunately, adults don’t usually offerearly adolescents --------- warm indulgenceand social protection than they provided adecade earlier.

A) tooB) as much

C) moreD) the sameE) such as

617) Many of my colleagues work with radiation,but they don’t seem to have been adverselyaffected by it, and --------- .

A) neither do IB) I have tooC) neither was ID) nor was IE) nor did I

618) In Africa, the irresponsible sewagedischarge of an exclusive hotel graduallyput an end to the seafood harvest on ---------a local village depended for its livelihood.

A) thatB) whichC) whatD) whereE) whom

619) The inquiry into the foot and mouthepidemic will bring together veterinaryscientists, virologists and epidemiologists--------- the representatives of farming andconsumer groups.

A) as well asB) such asC) especiallyD) as to asE) but for

620) Scientists wondered --------- Dolly, thecloned sheep, would live a normal life span--------- simply live out the remaining years ofthe sheep from which she had been cloned.

A) more / than

B) so / thatC) whether / orD) neither / norE) just / as

621) Professional tennis, which got its start in1926 when the French player SuzanneLenglen --------- 50,000 US dollars for a tour,only --------- full recognition in 1960.

A) had been paid / has receivedB) was paid / receivedC) has been paid / would receiveD) is paid / receives

E) would be paid / had received

622) Once the director --------- just how much wasat stake, he --------- immediate steps to dealwith the dispute.

A) realizes / will takeB) has realized / had takenC) had realized / took

D) realized / takesE) would realize / has taken

623) The once radical notion that birds ---------from dinosaurs --------- stronger andstronger since palaeontologists first startedtaking it seriously a couple of decades ago.

A) have descended / grewB) had descended / had grownC) descend / is growingD) descended / has grownE) are descending / was growing

624) Throughout his term in office, PresidentClinton --------- by allegations relating to theWhite-water real estate deal in which he andhis wife, Hillary Clinton, --------- prior to the1999 election.

A) is dogged / are involvedB) had been dogged / were involvedC) was dogged / had been involvedD) has been dogged / have been involvedE) was being dogged / may have been

involved

625) The essays taken together tell the story ofhow the US became an economic power--------- a scale unprecedented --------- history.

A) for / withB) at / byC) with / fromD) thought / atE) on / in

626) --------- the surprise of the archaeologists,the structures turned out to be the remains--------- two domed tombs, each over athousand years old.

A) At / from

B) For / byC) With / overD) To / ofE) By / through

627) More than 29 million Africans are nowinfected with HIV, and the disease is killing--------- Africans --------- all the continent'swars combined.

A) so many / asB) either / orC) more / thanD) not only / but also

E) both / and




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628) He did --------- better in the interview ---------any of the other applicants.

A) much / asB) rather / thanC) as / forD) still / with

E) far / from

629) Geographical Information System toolsprovide specialised functions for spatialdata input, processing, analysis and output,--------- Database Management System toolsprovide more advanced functions forstoring and managing large spatialdatabases.

A) thatB) due toC) whileD) whether

E) in that

630) Photosynthesis is the process --------- greenplants manufacture carbohydrates, usingthe energy of sunlight.

A) as whenB) on whichC) whereD) by whichE) since

631) -------- economic development projects indeveloping countries are carefully thoughtout and implemented, they can actuallycontribute to environmental deterioration.

A) Provided thatB) UnlessC) SinceD) So long asE) Whenever

632) Until the time of World War II, it --------- thathuman beings --------- to the requirements oftechnological systems with great ease.

A) is assumed / adaptedB) has been assumed / were adapting

C) was assumed / are adaptingD) had been assumed / could adaptE) assumed / have adapted

633) In his acknowledgement, the writer thankedhis wife for the support she --------- him whilehe --------- the book.

A) had given / was writingB) gave / is writingC) gives / has been writingD) has given / will be writingE) was giving / had written

634) Since Swedish industrial relationships --------so many fundamental changes, it is hardlysurprising that the existence of a "Swedishmodel" --------- .

A) were undergoing / will be questionedB) underwent / has been questioned

C) had undergone / had been questionedD) are undergoing / was being questionedE) have undergone / is being questioned

635) If it --------- for the severe air pollution of1952, which was responsible for 4,000deaths, the UK Clean Air Act of 1956 --------- .

A) weren't / hadn't been passedB) was not / won't be passedC) hadn't been / wouldn't have been passedD) wouldn't be / hadn't been passedE) isn't / was not passed

636) ---------- corporations grow in size anddiversity, the difficulty of managingemployee relations increases.

A) LestB) In caseC) WhetherD) So thatE) As

637) --------- had so many people complained soloudly for so little cause.

A) Only onceB) For the first time

C) At the beginningD) Up to this timeE) From the start

638) Multinational companies account for ---------60 per cent of trade in manufactured goodsin the developed world.

A) so muchB) no less thanC) rather thanD) as far asE) by no means

639) The period --------- which Margaret Maepainted the Amazon flora coincided ---------the time when the Amazon rain forest wasbeing destroyed.

A) on / fromB) in / atC) at / onD) during / withE) for / by




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640) Some delicate fruits and vegetables need toripen gradually as they make their way -------producer nations to consumer markets -------the globe.

A) from / aroundB) with / on

C) for / inD) of / overE) through / through

641) The purpose of this bridge project is ---------to eliminate the cause of such accidents--------- to keep traffic moving at a steadyrate.

A) only / but alsoB) both / andC) not only / andD) as much / thanE) so / as

642) The term "man-machine system" fellsomewhat into disrepute and was replacedby "person-machine system" --------- theneed to avoid sexist language.

A) contrary toB) despiteC) in case ofD) in accordance withE) instead of

643) The slavery issue was --------- one reason--------- the northern and southern statesfought against each other during the USCivil War.

A) on the other hand / whichB) as such / whereasC) only / whyD) moreover / thatE) thus / in that

644) The United Nations has, on numerousoccasions, tried to assert its authority tomediate a dispute between nations, ---------has often been ineffective --------- the nationsinvolved refused to acknowledge the right ofthe United Nations to intervene.

A) yet / thatB) but / becauseC) either / orD) therefore / because ofE) however / as far as

645) This is not a new theory; quite a lot ofscientists ------- on it for several decades.

A) would have workedB) had workedC) have been workingD) would work

E) have to work

646) If the equipment ------- us on time, we -------the bridge by now.

A) would have reached / could completeB) reached / had completedC) reaches / will have completedD) will reach / can complete

E) had reached / could have completed

647) Unfortunately there was an electricity cutjust as we ------- the new computer.

A) are installingB) would installC) have installedD) were installingE) will install

648) It is recommended that you wear a helmet inthis part of the plant, but it's up to you; you------- .

A) have got toB) will have toC) shouldn't haveD) need toE) don't have to

649) ------- a piece of metal is denser than water, itsinks in water.

A) Because ofB) WhileC) SinceD) DespiteE) Therefore

650) ------- he was aware of the dangers of thiskind of research, he still continued with theproject.

A) IfB) Even thoughC) So thatD) WhereasE) However

651) ------- the semester is over, Dr. Baines willsupervise the sinking of the shaft as itseems likely that they'll strike oil.

A) In order thatB) As a resultC) If onlyD) OnceE) In case

652) It took him several months to set ------- theexperiment, but results are beginning tocome ------- now.

A) up / inB) off / overC) in / up

D) over / outE) back / through




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653) Obviously, during the Second World War,many scientists were involved ------- thedevelopment of new weapons.

A) byB) inC) at

D) throughE) about

654) An honorary degree will be conferred uponthe physicist ------- contributions to energystudies have proved the most beneficial.

A) whichB) whoC) whoseD) thatE) whom

655) Is that the professor ------- received the

Nobel Prize in chemistry?A) whomB) whoseC) whereD) whichE) who

656) Diary farming has received a lot of coveragein the media lately, ------ on account of thedry season ------- because of the radiationscare.

A) both / more thanB) more / even so

C) only / alsoD) not only / but alsoE) such / as well as

657) Thanks to improvements in car design, -------of the power produced is wasted in friction------- was formerly the case.

A) far less / thanB) as much / asC) a little / thanD) little / thanE) more / as

658) As regards the decision to modernize themines in the region, here is a report whichcontains ------- relevant information.

A) anotherB) anyC) manyD) aE) some

659) If I --------- a similar kind of research, I ---------on just two decades.A) will do / concentrateB) had done / concentrated

C) have done / would have concentratedD) were doing / would concentrateE) did / will concentrate

660) The committee --------- the question fornearly an hour, and still hasn't come to adecision.

A) has been discussingB) had discussedC) will discuss

D) is discussingE) would discuss

661) Towards the end of the 5th century, manypolitical and social changes --------- inEurope which --------- all countriesprofoundly.

A) had been occurring / had affectedB) were occurring / have affectedC) have occurred / will affectD) had occurred / would affectE) occurred / affected

662) Before I read Freud, I --------- dreams were ofso much significance.

A) haven't thoughtB) wouldn't thinkC) didn't thinkD) don't thinkE) wouldn't have thought

663) --------- the critics, the film is almost as goodas the novel itself.

A) With regard toB) According toC) Owing to

D) ConcerningE) In comparison to

664) It is thought to be basically a Hittitesettlement --------- there are some traces ofearlier civilisations.

A) in spite ofB) even soC) insteadD) even thoughE) in case

665) The next meeting will be held ---------

February, probably --------- the secondTuesday of the month.

A) in / onB) in / atC) at / inD) on / atE) at / on

666) Venice is joined to the mainland --------- roadand railway viaducts.

A) fromB) over

C) byD) onE) off




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667) The conference was a great disappointment;in fact, it was quite --------- I have everattended.

A) the worstB) as bad asC) worse than

D) so badE) the worse

668) The Sumerian King Ur-Anger was a greatruler --------- dominions extended from theGulf to the Mediterranean.

A) whomB) whoC) whichD) whoseE) that

669) In advertising it is important to decide --------

you are aiming to attract.A) by whomB) whoeverC) whoD) whichE) whose

670) I told him that the ultimate responsibility forsolving the problem was not ------- but ------- .

A) us / theirsB) his / meC) her / yoursD) him / ours

E) mine / his

671) He said he would apply for the jobimmediately after he returned, --------- ?

A) did heB) didn't heC) would heD) hadn't heE) wouldn't he

672) The last exhibition I went to was ---------crowded that I could hardly see anything .

A) asB) tooC) moreD) soE) very

673) Before Alexander Fleming ------- penicillin, agreat many people ------- of meningitis.

A) has discovered / would dieB) discovered / diedC) will discover / have diedD) would discover / diedE) was discovering / were dying

674) When the new hospital ------- in March, you------- one of the first patients to be admitted.

A) opened / have beenB) will open / will beC) has opened / can have beenD) is opening / are

E) opens / will be

675) Don't take him into the operating room untilthe anaesthetist ------- you to.

A) tellsB) will tellC) tellD) can tellE) told

676) Of all the medicines we have tested, this isobviously ------- effective.

A) muchB) moreC) lessD) a littleE) the most

677) The nurse claimed that it wasn't -------responsibility but the doctor's.

A) herselfB) herselfC) theirsD) herE) himself

678) If you had followed the doctor's advice, you------- a complete recovery by this time.

A) would makeB) would have madeC) had madeD) will makeE) were making

679) ------- she gave up smoking, she has enjoyedthe best of health.

A) AlthoughB) If

C) SinceD) ForE) When

680) Millions of children in these third worldcountries will suffer and die ------- theseinfectious diseases remain uncontrolled.

A) ifB) unlessC) as soon asD) howeverE) so as




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681) He was advised not to discontinue thismedicine ------- this might bring a recurrenceof the complaint.

A) so thatB) despiteC) until

D) asE) due to

682) The patient was not satisfied ------- thetreatment he received.

A) onB) forC) ofD) fromE) with

683) Be sure ------- take a look ------- the article oninfant mortality rates.

A) in / ofB) to / atC) of / forD) for / upE) by / from

684) AIDS is a disease ------- has given rise tomuch speculation.

A) whomB) whoseC) whatD) whichE) who

685) A lot of people want to become surgeons,but ------- make the grade.

A) fewB) not muchC) very littleD) anyE) all

686) A drug of this kind is ------- dangerous to besold without a prescription.

A) as

B) justC) tooD) soE) enough

687) Acetic acid is used as a food ------- andflavouring material, and also in themanufacture of white lead.

A) preservativeB) decayC) absorptionD) solutionE) process

688) Researchers disagree ------- whether a largeocean ever existed on Mars, but one thing iscertain : Martian geology is turning ------- tobe strange and complex.

A) of / roundB) in / over

C) for / upD) on / outE) about / in

689) Species become endangered and evenextinct ------- a variety of reasons, many ofwhich are related ------- human activities.

A) within / ofB) for / toC) with / forD) in / withE) over / through

690) Some scientists ------- us that the thermalblanket around the globe ------- the averagetemperature of the earth to rise.

A) were warning / has causedB) have been warning / was causingC) have warned / may causeD) had warmed / causedE) warn / will have caused

691) A theory ------- only when a hypothesis -------by consistent results from manyobservations or experiments.

A) may have been developed / was being

supportedB) can be developed / has been supportedC) will be developed / was supportedD) has been developed / had been supportedE) had been developed / might have been

supported

692) If transport costs ------- into consideration atthe outset, the plant ------- far from itspresent site.

A) will be taken / are being builtB) were taken / had been builtC) have been taken / have been built

D) were being taken / will be builtE) had been taken / would have been built

693) The first laser ------- in 1960 by Maimanalmost half a century after the publication ofEinstein's theory of radiation which -------the possibility of laser operation.

A) has been demonstrated / had shownB) had been demonstrated / showedC) was demonstrated / showedD) demonstrates / was shownE) was being demonstrated / shows




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694) The advent of nuclear power------- the trendto use water-power on a large scale, andhydroelectric installations ------- in allindustrial countries with water powerpotential.

A) has not halted / are being built

B) did not halt / are builtC) would not halt / will be builtD) will not halt / were being builtE) had not halted / would be built

695) ------- many diverse animal forms exist -------exceptions can be found to almost anydefinition of an animal.

A) So / asB) As / asC) Whether / soD) So / thatE) Neither / nor

696) Products ------- diverse ------- rubber,tobacco, coffee, chocolate and aromatic oilsfor perfumes come from flowering plants.

A) too / thanB) as / asC) both / thanD) either / orE) not only / but also

697) The writers of this article seem to assumethe nuclear plants conform with safetyrequirements ------- the fact that violationsare constantly being reported

A) in caseB) althoughC) againstD) concerningE) despite

698) Pile foundations are costly and normallyeconomic only ------- commercial structureson valuable sites.

A) in the manner ofB) in the case ofC) in place of

D) in fulfilment ofE) in accordance with

699) The South African government hascommitted a further sum of money to theSouthern African Large Telescope (SALT),------- enables the construction of this gianttelescope to commence next year.

A) whichB) thusC) by whichD) whoseE) for whom

700) Heat is transferred from ------- object ------- byconductions, convection and radiation.

A) either / to othersB) each / from the restC) any / with anotherD) some / through others

E) one / to another

701) The recent rise in drug addiction -------young people has been given publicity inthe media ------- all proportion to the size ofthe problem.

A) with / throughB) for / overC) in / aboveD) among / out ofE) between / from

702) The mentally-handicapped have difficulty in

coping ------- tasks that are well ------- thecapabilities of the average person.

A) under / overB) to / beyondC) with / withinD) through intoE) along / above

703) By the end of the week, he ------- the firststage of the treatment, and we'll know thenif he ------- well to it.

A) would have completed / respondedB) has completed / was responding

C) will have completed / is respondingD) is completing / has respondedE) will complete / will respond

704) The successful education of children withspeech defects involves ------- all means ofapproach.

A) to exploreB) exploringC) having exploredD) having been exploredE) to have explored

705) If they ------- the child to the hospital a littleearlier, these complications ------- .

A) would have brought / wouldn't developB) would bring / won't developC) have brought / haven't developedD) brought / hadn't developedE) had brought / would not have developed




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706) Pure carbolic acid on a suspected rabies------- wound the incubation period whichprobably won't kill all the viruses; so its use------- into general disfavour among doctors.

A) may prolong / has fallenB) might prolong / had fallen

C) might have prolonged / might have fallenD) will prolong / fellE) would prolong / would have fallen

707) The healthy individual possesses means ofarresting minor haemorrhages; if this -------so, trivial cuts ------- to a fatal loss of blood.

A) was not / have ledB) were not / would leadC) is not / ledD) will not be / would have ledE) would not be / had led

708) In recent years the trend in the study ofchild development has been an increasedemphasis on the processes underlying thechanges, ------- simple descriptions of agechanges.

A) as ifB) just asC) rather thanD) even soE) such as

709) Poisoning ------- drug overdose is a frequentand still increasing cause of admission tohospital.

A) according toB) due toC) on behalf ofD) in excess ofE) in spite of

710) Dizziness is a distressing symptom inadvanced old age, and alarms relatives -------the patient.

A) no less thanB) as little asC) in accordance with

D) consequent onE) in case of

711) Bacteria are ------- small that they can -------be seen under a microscope.

A) very / ratherB) too / hardlyC) as / thusD) so / onlyE) much / just

712) The brain is a part of the body ------- verylittle is known and even less is understood.

A) whichB) from whatC) whereD) of whose

E) about which

713) The remedies they use in the East are verydifferent from those we use in the West;------- rely more on the natural properties ofherbs and plants while ------- are morechemically orientated.

A) to them / to usB) they / usC) their / weD) theirs / oursE) themselves / ourselves

714) In hay fever, the symptoms vary from onepatient ------- , and treatment will also vary.

A) and to othersB) to the otherC) and to anotherD) to anotherE) to others

715) Naturally I will come to you for advicewhenever I feel in need of ------- .

A) themB) oneC) some

D) noneE) a few

716) We’ve had some pretty good directors overthe years, but Dr. Radcliff is ------- the mostcapable of them.

A) by farB) over allC) just soD) as muchE) too much

717) The committee showed their wholehearted

approval of the designs he submitted, and------- .

A) me, tooB) so did IC) so have ID) so we doE) we also have




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718) The other climbers were all for giving up theattempt, but it was ------- impossible toconvince him of the need to do so.

A) tooB) suchC) quite

D) asE) much

719) Could this possibly be the firm’s new buyer-------- reputation it we are to believe thenewspapers, is not quite what it should be?

A) whomB) whichC) whateverD) whatE) whose

720) ------- takes on the task of investigating

these particular allegations is going to runinto a lot of difficulties.

A) SomeoneB) AnyoneC) WhatsoeverD) WhoeverE) Whichever

721) His scheme, with all its shortcomings, willinevitably be pushed through ------- we canproduce one, by Tuesday, which isobviously much more feasible.

A) how

B) so thatC) unlessD) moreoverE) in case

722) ------- he gives the appearance of sincerityand reliability, just remember that you can’ttrust him an inch.

A) ThatB) As far asC) NeverthelessD) SoE) Though

723) On that occasion, he really was ------- luck:It was as if every thing had combined -------him.

A) up to / throughB) away from / behindC) out of / againstD) into / uponE) on to / over

724) Few sociologists will admit that a city isdistinct ------- a village merely ------- thenumber of its inhabitants.

A) of / forB) from / byC) to / over

D) in / throughE) off / in

725) Water has a moderating effect ontemperature, ------- summer and middayheat, and winter and midnight cold.

A) diminishedB) having diminishedC) to diminishD) being diminishedE) diminishing

726) When that happened, their hopes -------

because the army ------- its most trustedleaders.

A) wane / would loseB) are waning / losesC) waned / had lostD) ware waning / has lostE) have waned / lost

727) They ------- the advantages and thedisadvantages of the takeover when I -------them an hour or so later.

A) will discuss / would rejoinB) have discussed / am rejoining

C) are discussing / will rejoinD) were discussing / rejoinedE) would discuss / had rejoined

728) We still ------- that any changes in the lawalong these lines ------- to our advantage.

A) had believed / will have beenB) believed / had beenC) have believed / would beD) would believe / were beingE) believe / will be

729) In calculators, calculations ---------- entirely

with integers yield exact results as long asthe numbers ---------- too big for the spaceallotted.

A) doing / were notB) having done / have not beenC) to have been done / would not have beenD) done / are notE) to be done / will not be




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730) Twenty years ago, the study aging -------- assomewhat misdirected, but now it ------- intoan important science.

A) was regarded / has developedB) had been regarded / would developC) has been regarded / would be developing

D) would have been regarded / haddeveloped

E) was being regarded / has been developing

731) In some ways, we know little more about theplanets than -------- the ancients whoworshipped them.

A) had doneB) have doneC) doD) would doE) did

732) The first stage of the new factory project-------- last year, and work on the secondphase------- well now.

A) had been completed / would progressB) was completed / is progressingC) would have been completed / was

progressingD) has been completed / will progressE) was being completed / has progressed

733) While the battle ------ out in the open, thetechnological capability of the coalitionforces ------- them to lead.

A) had been fought / was givingB) was fought / would giveC) was being fought / gaveD) would have been fought / will giveE) is being fought / has given

734) Dwindling oil reserves and concerns -------exhaust emissions have heightened thesearch ------ more sustainable sources.

A) into / withB) through / intoC) about / atD) over / for

E) for / by

735) The World Commission on Dams found that,----- average, large dams exceed theirbudged ------ 56 %.

A) of / upB) in / offC) for / underD) by / fromE) on / by

736) The interiors of planets are totallyinaccessible, --------- what we know aboutthem comes from indirect measurementsand analysis.

A) soB) whereas

C) even thoughD) sinceE) so as

737) It was not long ------- the design deficienciesof the room became apparent.

A) as ifB) beforeC) untilD) whereverE) unless

738) In every forensic laboratory there should be

------- with the basic training to make senseof botanical evidence.

A) eachB) anyoneC) someoneD) one anotherE) them

739) The centre conducted the study -------identify priority areas for conservation.

A) in order toB) as well asC) with respect to

D) due toE) with reference to

740) The next model the company produced waswell-engineered and finely built ,-----, it neverbecame popular and sales were poor.

A) on the contraryB) even soC) just asD) such asE) in accordance with

741) In 1994, seven countries signed and accord,

agreeing to guidelines designed to minimizethe ------ of salmon farming on wild fish inthe north Atlantic.

A) relevanceB) establishmentC) impactD) perceptionE) improvement




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742) Had this 70 m.-long asteroid entered theEarth’s atmosphere, it could have -------- alarge city.

A) reconciledB) inflatedC) captured

D) destroyedE) erupted

743) India has dozens of half-completed waterprojects, not to mention a ------, centuries-old infrastructure of forgotten local water-supply systems.

A) perishableB) stableC) vastD) predominantE) sensitive

744) Researchers attending the World WaterForum in Kyoto last year argued thatcollecting and using water more ------- wouldlessen the need for more dams.

A) efficientlyB) plentifullyC) wastefullyD) remarkablyE) speedily

745) Apparently the drop in farm incomes hadnothing to -------- the introduction of modernfarming methods.

A) close downB) make outC) sort outD) force outE) do with

746) Most of our exposure to organic mercury------- eating oily fish such as tuna.

A) plays upB) turns intoC) comes fromD) finds outE) puts up with

747) Since the equator is the closest place ------earth to the sun, the atmosphere ------ itabsorbs the most solar energy.

A) in / atB) of / throughC) with / acrossD) at / overE) on / around

748) Because the plateau was so far ------ sealevel, when we finally reached it, we haddifficulty ------ breathing.

A) below / withB) under / aboutC) from / for

D) above / inE) over / at

749) My parents are taking me to the theatre thisevening to ------ my being ill when they had aparty last week.

A) go down withB) keep in touch withC) make up forD) take no notice ofE) take part in

750) It is important for people who lead an

inactive life to ------ a sport like swimming orswimming.

A) break downB) take upC) call offD) put outE) make off

751) Although it cannot be proven scientifically,presumably the expansion of the universewill ------ as it approaches a critical radius.

A) slow downB) cool down

C) build upD) filter outE) go off

752) Schizophrenia, a behavioural ------, may wellbe triggered by genetic predisposition,stress, drugs, or infections.

A) inclinationB) disorderC) diagnosisD) inhibitionE) transplantation

753) The phone call must have been aboutsomething urgent, considering how ------ thebewildered teacher left after it.

A) abruptlyB) joyfullyC) exclusivelyD) hesitantlyE) reluctantly




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754) The cut on your leg looks very nasty. Igenuinely recommend that you get ------medical attention.

A) constantB) relentlessC) immediate

D) adjacentE) punctual

755) Calculus, an elegant and economicalsymbolic system, can ------ complexproblems to simple terms.

A) reduceB) makeC) raiseD) aggravateE) alleviate

756) I think Jack ---- moving to a quieter area

when he ---- next summer.A) has considered / will retireB) considered / will have retiredC) will be considering / retireD) is considering / retiresE) had considered / is retiring

757) Whereas in 1975 only one in every ten newenterprises ------ by woman, in 1989 thisfigure ------ to one in three.

A) established / was increasedB) was established / had increasedC) was establishing / would increase

D) had been established / increasedE) would establish / was increasing

758) Although the scientific community hadhoped that the field of transplantation ------,the shortage of organ donors has curtailedresearch.

A) has progressedB) would progressC) must have progressedD) is progressingE) had progressed

759) ------ a small specimen of the embryonicfluid is removed from a fetus, it will bepossible to determine whether the baby willbe born with the birth defects.

A) UnlessB) Contrary toC) In pursuit ofD) Irrespective ofE) If

760) Jane wasn’t actually feeling fit enough towork overtime; -------- , she did it as she wasin dire need of money.

A) thereforeB) besidesC) nonetheless

D) despiteE) on the other hand

761) ------ he wouldn’t wait at the door for ages, Iput the key under the mat for my newflatmate, who had left home in a hurry,yesterday.

A) In order thatB) HenceC) In view ofD) In caseE) On grounds of

762) There are 20 species of wild roses in NorthAmerica, -------- have prickly stems, pinnateleaves, and large flowers that usually smellsweetly.

A) none of whoseB) much of whichC) some of whomD) all of whichE) both of which

763) Frost occurs in valleys and on low grounds-------- on adjacent hills.

A) more frequently than

B) as frequent asC) too frequentD) frequently enoughE) so frequent that

764) Gunpowder, in some ways the mosteffective of ------ the explosive materials, is amixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, andsulphur.

A) noneB) the wholeC) allD) many

E) every

765) If it receives enough rain at the proper time,hay will grow quickly, ------ grass.

A) likeB) such asC) asD) similarE) alike




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766) Although it can be derived ------ oil, coal, andtar, kerosene is usually produced ------refining it from petroleum.

A) from / byB) in / fromC) at / on

D) near / alongE) within / beneath

767) Although no country has ------ folk music------ that of any other, it is significant thatsimilar songs exist among widely separatedpeople.

A) more / likeB) the same / asC) so / asD) less / muchE) such / that

768) Your father should not put so muchpressure on you. He must not choose yourfriends, ------ .

A) tooB) as wellC) neitherD) eitherE) though

769) I don’t suppose the election results willreflect the true reaction of the public to thegovernment in power, ------ ?

A) do I

B) will itC) won’t theyD) don’t IE) will they

770) Many countries ---- the world are gearing upto help the people affected ---- the tsunami.

A) across / onB) below / withC) off / fromD) around / byE) on / upon

771) Physical geographers study soil because ofits fundamental position ---- the ecosystemand its impact ---- human activities.

A) above / uponB) in / onC) from / atD) over / insideE) on / within

772) There were some beach huts here only a fewdays ago, but they were ------ by the flood.

A) carried outB) pointed outC) poured downD) swept away

E) taken up

773) Climate shifts could disrupt farming and ----thousands of species of animals and plants.

A) make upB) wear offC) wipe outD) eat awayE) put across

774) The Lakota nation of Native Americans stilldispute the USA’s ownership of the BlackHills, referring to it as an occupied ------ .

A) territoryB) line C) situation D) vacancy E) regime

775) On the Aleutian Islands, the land risesabruptly from level coasts to ---- mountains.

A) lengthy B) plain C) steep D) keen E) flexible

776) We had to ---- from the war when the attackof the enemy intensified.

A) refrainB) retainC) remainD) belong E) persist

777) The senator ---- denied allegations ofanything improper that had taken place.

A) highly

B) admittedlyC) considerablyD) accuratelyE) strongly

778) Cat allergen is one of the main causes ofchildhood allergies, asthma and ----respiratory diseases as bronchitis.

A) the likeB) someC) such other D) alsoE) the other




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779) Children have difficulty ------- numbers -------two until the age of three or four.

A) in grasping / as many asB) to grasp / as big asC) grasping / greater thanD) having grasped / fewer

E) of grasping / less than

780) The safest approach -------- your entirecorporation against security threats fromroaming users is -------- a quarantine-oriented technology.

A) protecting / includingB) to protect / to includeC) for protecting / having includedD) of protecting / includedE) to be protecting / being included

781) Tourists -------- when large numbers of

middle class people -------- to join the morewealthy aristocratic travellers.

A) have originated / had begunB) had originated / beganC) could have originated / have begunD) originated / beganE) were originating / are beginning

782) The wounded hunter -------- on the groundfor almost an hour when, coincidentally, he-------- by another hunter, who must havekeen eyes.

A) has been lying / is spotting

B) has lain / will be spottedC) will have lain / had been spottedD) had been lying / was spottedE) was lying / spotted

783) As the tree was too high to climb, themischievous boys ---------- their ball downonly by throwing sticks at it.

A) would have knockedB) were able to knockC) will have to knockD) may have knockedE) could knock

784) Certain serious diseases can besuccessfully treated -------- detected in aninitial stage.

A) unlessB) ifC) even whenD) beforeE) after

785) ---------- you have made minimal progress, itis by no means the kind of progress thatyou need to make.

A) WhatB) DespiteC) In addition to

D) On behalf ofE) While

786) Soils are the result of -------- interactingprocesses -------- bring different materialstogether.

A) a few / by whichB) such / asC) some / thatD) most of / whichE) a good deal of / in which

787) I’m ready to do ---------- I can do to help you -

------- your hardship.A) anything / overcomeB) whatever / overcomingC) what / to be overcomingD) that / to have overcomeE) nothing / having overcome

788) Despite my insistence, Adam didn’t tell me-------- he didn’t like me or my family.

A) whyB) even ifC) whoseD) whether

E) about whom

789) She keeps saying that she has got --------patience with kids, but forgets that shedidn’t have -------- before she gave birth toher own kids.

A) enough / as muchB) too many / anyC) such / noneD) so / someE) more / neither

790) If I -------- the choice of making either an oral

or a written report, I -------- the secondalternative.

A) gave / could pickB) had been given / might pickC) would have given / had pickedD) have been giving / will pickE) were given / would pick




!"#$%&#$%'#$

791) A combination of imagination anddetermination -------- Peter -------- entirelynew lines of research concerned with theway animals survive extreme environmentalconditions

A) allow / developing

B) have allowed / being developedC) were allowed / to have developedD) allowed / to developE) will allow / to be developing

792) The scientist who -------- Dolly the sheep, theworld’s first cloned mammal, -------- a licenceon Tuesday to clone human embryos formedical research.

A) has created / has been grantedB) had created / grantedC) created / was grantedD) will be creating / has granted

E) used to create / had been granted

793) My mother is making a steady recovery fromflu and ------- hospital by next week.

A) should be able to leaveB) is leavingC) has leftD) will have been leftE) must have left

794) -------- a celebrity arrives in Istanbul, the firstquestion reporters ask them is ------- theylike Istanbul.

A) During / whetherB) Every time / howC) Whenever / whatD) Until / ifE) When / wherever

795) The results of last weekend’s poll have -------to be announced and officials say it couldbe -------- week before they are.

A) so far / everyB) still / eachC) already / every otherD) even / most

E) yet / another

796) She failed to get anyone to repair the tapsfor her at the weekend, -------- could she do iton her own.

A) asB) norC) only ifD) soE) though

797) The neutral mutation rate is known --------widely along human chromosomes, -------- tomutational hot and cold regions.

A) to be varying / to leadB) varying / ledC) to have varied / being led

D) having varied / having ledE) to vary / leading

798) You would not expect anyone --------intelligent to make ------ stupid mistake, buthe did so.

A) so / thatB) too / suchC) as / asD) more / thanE) too much / those

799) I don’t suppose you are telling us the true

version of the story, ----------?A) do IB) are youC) can youD) will youE) aren’t you

800) Some people argue that certain orientalrelaxation techniques ------- yoga andmeditation are extremely effective in thetreatment of high blood pressure.

A) soB) just as

C) such asD) bothE) also



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800 GRAMER VE KEL!ME SORUSUNUN CEVAP ANAHTARI

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