Grain & Graze 3 Final Draft - YP Alkaline Soils...
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Ag Consulting Co, G&G 3 2015 Stefan Schmitt Grain & Graze 3 2015 In 2015 Ag Consulting Co in partnership with the York Peninsula Alkaline Soils Group conducted research in two key areas adopting profitable grazing systems as part of the Grain & Graze 3 Initiative. The key areas being, grazing effect on grain & quality of wheat & new pasture species for calcareous soils Focus Area: New Pasture Species In 2015 the YPASG continued its work with Sulla extending on from work conducted in 2014. Sulla has a wide range of favourable characteristics that could be utilised to better manage weed populations and fill feed gaps. A demonstration trial was set up at the YPASG Minlaton trial Site Sulla Demonstration • To explore the tolerance of Sulla to common Pre & Post Emergent Chemicals • To compare biomass production of Sulla with common grazing species Focus Area: Grazing Crops In 2015 the YPASG conducted a grazing trial of two common wheat cultivars to add to existing data on grazing crops & grain production conducted in Grain & Graze 1 & 2. Farming Systems Trial: Grazing Wheat • Explore the effect of grazing on crop yield • Explore the effect of grazing on crop quality • Explore the effect of grazing on crop development
Transcript of Grain & Graze 3 Final Draft - YP Alkaline Soils...
AgConsultingCo,G&G32015StefanSchmitt
Grain&Graze32015
In2015AgConsultingCoinpartnershipwiththeYorkPeninsulaAlkalineSoilsGroupconductedresearchintwokeyareasadoptingprofitablegrazingsystemsaspartoftheGrain&Graze3Initiative.Thekeyareasbeing,grazingeffectongrain&qualityofwheat&newpasturespeciesforcalcareoussoilsFocusArea:NewPastureSpeciesIn2015theYPASGcontinueditsworkwithSullaextendingonfromworkconductedin2014.Sullahasawiderangeoffavourablecharacteristicsthatcouldbeutilisedtobettermanageweedpopulationsandfillfeedgaps.AdemonstrationtrialwassetupattheYPASGMinlatontrialSiteSullaDemonstration
• ToexplorethetoleranceofSullatocommonPre&PostEmergentChemicals• TocomparebiomassproductionofSullawithcommongrazingspecies
FocusArea:GrazingCropsIn2015theYPASGconductedagrazingtrialoftwocommonwheatcultivarstoaddtoexistingdataongrazingcrops&grainproductionconductedinGrain&Graze1&2.FarmingSystemsTrial:GrazingWheat
• Exploretheeffectofgrazingoncropyield• Exploretheeffectofgrazingoncropquality• Exploretheeffectofgrazingoncropdevelopment
2 [Typetext]Trial1:SullaDemonstrationOverviewIn2015theYPASGheldalarge-scaledemonstrationsiteexploringarangeofpreandpostemergentchemicalsoverSulla&commonMedicvarietiesutilisedintheregion.TrialDetailsAim:Toexploreviablepreemergent&postemergentchemicaloptionsonlegumegrazingspeciesSowed16MaySullaat8kg/haMedicvarietiesat4kg/haStarterFertiliser,60kg/haGranulocPreEmergentChemicals1.5LTreflan,1.5LAvadexSelect@500ml–15JulySelect+Targa–29thJulyTrialDesign:Thetrialwasastripplotdesignwherechemicalswererunacrosstheplotsinstripsof1.5m.Untreatedareaswerespacedbetweenchemicalsapplicationsandontheendsofplots.
Trialsownonthe16thofMayincludingtwovarietiesofsulla,Moonbi&Wilpena&PopularmediccultivarsgrownonYorkPeninsula,Herald,Cavalier&Caliph.
AgConsultingCo,G&G32015StefanSchmittPreEmergentChemicals&Rates
• Metribuzin@200g&400g• Simazine@400g&800g• Terbyne@800g&1.6kg• Balance@100g&200g
Note:TreatmentswereappliedinfrontoftheseedingpassPostEmergentChemicalsIncluded
• Broadstrike25g&50g• Brodal100ml&200ml• EcoPar600ml&1200ml+330mlMCPAAmine• EcoPar600ml&1200ml• Metribuzin200g&400g• Nail30ml&60ml
Observations&MeasurementsThefollowingassessmentswerecarriedoutduringtheyear1. PlantCounts2. HerbicideToleranceAssessment3. EndingBiomass4. Height
4 [Typetext]Results:1.PreEmergentChemicalTrialFigure1:ScoringKey:TheKeybelowcorrespondstoresultspresentedin(Figure2)
Figure2:PhysiologicaleffectofpreemergentchemicalsonMedic&Sullacultivars.
AgConsultingCo,G&G32015StefanSchmittFigure2(previouspage)showsobservedeffectsofarangeofcommonpreemergentchemicalsonSullaandMedicvarietiesasmeasuredinthisyear’strial.SullabyitselfhasshownreasonabletolerancetoMetribuzin&Terbyneatbothhighandlowrates.WhileSimazinehascausedsomedamageatlowandhighrates.BalancehascausedextremedamageatbothrateswithSullaexhibitingasimilartolerancetothischemicalasMedic.SullaappearstodemonstratesimilarchemicaltolerancecharacteristicstoMedictowardstheselectedpreemergents.SullamayexhibitaslightlyhighertolerancetoMetribuzin,asseenwherenovisibleeffectwasobservedatthe400gratewhilstsomemediccultivarshavebeenmoresensitive.Someresultsneedtobetreatedwithcautionascommonlabel&agronomyadageisthatTerbyneshouldbehighlydamagingtoMedic.Inthistrialthishasnotbeenexhibited,seediscussionsectionforanexplanationastowhythismayhavearose.2.PostEmergentChemicalTrialFigure3:ScoringKey:TheKeybelowcorrespondstoresultspresentedin(Figure4)
6 [Typetext]Figure4:PhysiologicaleffectofpostemergentchemicalsonMedic&Sullacultivars.
Figure4showtheresultsofvigourscoringconductedontheSullaandMedicvarietiesatflowering.SullaappearstohaveincreasedsensitivitytoBrodal&MCPAAminecomparedtoMedic(MCPAusedwithEcoPar).SullahasexhibitedagoodleveloftolerancetoBroadstrike&EcoParsimilartothatofMedic.Sulla’sdoesnotappeartohaveimprovedtolerancetoMetribuzinashypothesisedinthefirstyear,demonstratingasimilar,lowleveloftolerancelikeMedic.
AgConsultingCo,G&G32015StefanSchmittChartNumber1:PlantHeight(cm)MeasuredatFlowering
TheChartaboveshowscanopyheightofbothSullaandMedicatflowering.Keypointsfoundinthissetofobservationsis1)Brodalatthe200ml&400mlrate&mixturescontainingMCPAatboththehighandlowratehavesignificantlyreducedcanopyheightinSulla&Medic.SullaappearstohavegreatersensitivitytoboththesechemicalscomparedtoMedic.CanopyheightofSullaisgreaterthanthatofMedicwhengrownunderthesameconditions.
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8 [Typetext]Chart2:BiomassatFlowering(t/ha)ofSulla&Medic
In2015bothSullacultivarsproducedmorebiomass/hectarethanallthree-mediccultivarsasshowninChart2above.BiomassproductiongainsofSullaverseMedicwereconsiderable,intheorderof0.5-1t/ha.Discussion:ResultsfromthistrialhaveuncoveredsomeinterestingmanagementconsiderationsthatmustbemadewhengrowingSulla,asSulla’stolerancetobothpre&postemergentchemicalsdiffersfromthatofMedicitcannotbetreatedthesameasMedic.SullahasexhibitedsimilartolerancestopreemergentchemistrytoMedic,howeveritdoesdifferinitsabilitytotoleratecertainpostemergentchemicaloptions.Preemergent,Metribuzinin2015hasbeenquitesafealongwiththelowrateofSimazine.WhilstTerbynehasalsoshowngoodcropsafety,thisresultisunusualandshouldbetreatedwithcautionasthischemicalisknowntohavegoodactivityonMedics.Itdidnotshowthisin2015,ItispossiblethatTerbyneappliedupfrontinthistrialwaseitherthrownfromthefurrowcausinggoodcropsafety,orthelittleamountofrainfallreceivedpostprovidedperfectconditionsforsafetyofthischemical.PostEmergentoptionshaveshowntobequitedifferenttothatofMedic,withSullaexhibitingpoortolerancetoBrodal&Ester.BroadStrikeappearstobeagoodpostemergentoption,whichalignswithwhatisobservedinthefield.MetribuzinwasincludedasapostemergenttreatmentbecausetherehavebeenreportsofsecondyearSullastandshandlinghighdoses.InthisyearstrialSullahasnotexhibitedanincreasetolerancetoMetribuzincomparedtoMedic.
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AgConsultingCo,G&G32015StefanSchmittSulla’sbiomassproductionandcanopyheightdiffersconsiderablytoMedic,withSullaproducingsignificantlymorebiomass/hain2015.AsobservedinfloweringbiomassmeasurementsSullahasproducedbiomassgainsof0.5-1t/haoverMedic.2.GrazingDemonstrationDetails:ThefollowinggrazingdemonstrationwasconductedonawheatpaddockplantedbackonvetchstubbleatBalmarStud,Wokurna,SA.Thesitewassowntotwodifferentwheatcultivar’swithagrazingcagewassetuptostraddlebothcultivars.WhiteSuffolkEwes&lambswereintroducedtothetothepaddockfortwograzingeventslastingtendays.ForthisstudyaEwewillbeclassifiedas2.5DSEwhilealambwillbeclassedas0.8DSE.SowingDate25/5/15Variety/sAxe&CobraPaddockSize28.3haGrazingTreatmentsGrazingTreatment1:13/7/15-23/7/15(10Days)98WhiteSuffolkEwes&131LambsTotalDSE:349.8DSE/ha12.4Duration10DaysGrazingTreatment2:3/8/15–13/8/15(10Days)21Ewes&131Lambs100ofthelambsweanedTotalDSE:177.3DSE/ha6.3
10 [Typetext]Chart1:InteractionofGrazingonBiomassProductionofWheatVarietiesAxe&Cobra
GrazinghaseffectedbiomassproductionofbothAxe&Cobrathroughouttheyear.ThiscanbeseeninChart1abovewhereAxe&Cobragrazedtreatments(Maroon&PurpleLines)haveproducedlowerbiomasslevelsthanungrazed(Blue&GreenLines)respectively.Finalbiomassofbothvarietieshasbeenreducedatflowering,withalargerfinalbiomassdifferenceappearingtoshowupbetweenCobragrazed&ungrazedcomparedtoAxe.
AgConsultingCo,G&G32015StefanSchmittChart4:GrazingeffectonYieldofWheatVarietiesAxe&Cobra(notestatisticalanalysisfoundnosignificantdifferenceatthe5%levelbetweengrazingtreatmentforbothvarieties)
Nosignificantreductioningrainyieldwasfoundbetweengrazed&un-grazedtreatmentsforeithervariety.Table1:Grazingeffectongrainscreenings.Note:Screeningsforgrazedtreatmentswereobtainedfromdeliverydocketsforeachcultivar.Screeningsforun-grazedtreatmentswereobtainedthroughhandharveststakenfromgrazingcage.Nostatisticalanalysiswasconductedontreatments.Variety Grazed UnGrazedAxe 7.63 7.33%Cobra 12.56 8.5%ThetableaboveindicatesthatthegrazingtreatmenthashadagreaterimpactonthegrainqualityofCobracomparedtothatofAxe.Bothgrazedtreatmentsproducedhigherscreenings,howeverthedifferencebetweengrazed&un-grazedtreatmentsonCobrawasfarlargerthanthatofAxe.AxeisconsiderablyshorterseasonedthanCobraandhadcompletedfloweringbeforetheunseasonalhotOctoberlongweekendwitnessedin2015.ItwasalsonotedbythegrowerthatsheepdidprefergrazingtheCobrawheatcomparedtoAxewhichmayhaveincreaseditsscreeningslevel.
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12 [Typetext]DiscussionGrazingtreatmentsin2015reducedbiomassproductionofbothcultivarsAxe&Cobra.resultingin0.5to1tonneorlargerreductioninbiomassatfloweringduetograzing.BiomassreductionbetweengrazedandungrazedtreatmentshasbeengreaterforCobracomparedtoAxe.ThiscouldbeduetoavarietalsensitivitytograzingorbetterpalatabiltycomparedtoAxe,itwasnotedduringtheseasonbythecooperatingfarmerthatsheepappearedtopreferentiallygrazeCobra.FinalyieldsofCobraandAxewerenotaffectedin2015bythegrazingtreatment,asseeninTable1,yielddifferenceswerenotsignificantatthe5%levelbetweentreatmentsforbothvarities.Whilstunabletobestatiticallyvalidatedtheeffectofgrazingongrainqualitythereisindicationthatgrainqualityhasbeeneffectedbygrazingin2015&thatsensitivitytograzingisdifferentbetweencultivars.InTable1itcanbeseenthatgrazinghasincreasedscreeningsonbothvarities,thedifferenceinscreeningsbetweenAxegrazed&ungrazedisquitesmallat0.3%,howeverbetweenCobragrazed&ungrazedthedifferenceislargeat>4%.AxeisoneoftheearliestmaturingwheatsavailableonthemarketwhileCobraismidrangewithrepsecttomaturity.Giventheharshfinishin2015withtheOctoberlongweekendheatwaveitislikelkythatAxehasbeenabletomainitainqualityoverCobrawhensubjecttograzingbecauseitmaturedbeforethishotspell.ThisislikleythereasonwhyAxehasnotexhibitedalargeeffectonscreeningsinducedbygrazing.ComparsionsbetweenAxe&Cobraneedtobetreatedwithcautioninthisstudyastheamountoftimestockspentgrazingeachcultivarcouldnotbemeasured.Ifthisdemonstrationwastoberepeated,setstockingeachvariteywouldbeprefferedtoallowbettercomparisonsbetweenthemtobemade.
AgConsultingCo,G&G32015StefanSchmitt
