GRAFT AND CORRUPTIONGRAFT AND CORRUPTION

FAYANNE MANALOFAYANNE MANALO

RICA DAYAGRICA DAYAG

E2AEE2AE

CORRUPTIONCORRUPTION• > IMPAIRMENT OF INTEGRITY, > IMPAIRMENT OF INTEGRITY,

VIRTUE, OR MORAL PRINCIPLE.VIRTUE, OR MORAL PRINCIPLE.

• > > INDUCEMENT TO WRONG BY INDUCEMENT TO WRONG BY IMPROPER OR UNLAWFUL IMPROPER OR UNLAWFUL MEANS AND A DEPARTURE MEANS AND A DEPARTURE

FROM THE ORIGINAL OR FROM FROM THE ORIGINAL OR FROM WHAT IS PURE OR WHAT IS PURE OR CORRECT

GRAFTGRAFT > A FORM OF > A FORM OF 

POLITICAL CORRUPTION > THE DECEITFUL USE OF A > THE DECEITFUL USE OF A

POLITICIAN'S AUTHORITY POLITICIAN'S AUTHORITY FOR PERSONAL GAINFOR PERSONAL GAIN

> ACQUISITION OF GOODS > ACQUISITION OF GOODS AND MONEY, POSITION AND AND MONEY, POSITION AND OTHER FORMS OF PROFIT BY OTHER FORMS OF PROFIT BY

DISHONEST OR DISHONEST OR QUESTIONABLE MEANS, QUESTIONABLE MEANS,

OFTENTIMES BY THE USE OF OFTENTIMES BY THE USE OF ONE’S OFFICE INFLUENCE ONE’S OFFICE INFLUENCE

OR POSITIONOR POSITION

TYPES OF CORRUPTIONTYPES OF CORRUPTION

POLITICAL (GRAND) POLITICAL (GRAND) CORRUPTIONCORRUPTION

PETTY CORRUPTIONPETTY CORRUPTION

SYSTEMIC SYSTEMIC CORRUPTIONCORRUPTION

POLITICAL (GRAND) CORRUPTIONPOLITICAL (GRAND) CORRUPTION

HIGH LEVEL CORRUPTION, HIGH LEVEL CORRUPTION, BECAUSE IT INVOLVES BECAUSE IT INVOLVES POLITICAL DECISION MAKERS. POLITICAL DECISION MAKERS.

PETTY CORRUPTIONPETTY CORRUPTION

PAYMENT OF PAYMENT OF COMPARATIVELY SMALL COMPARATIVELY SMALL AMOUNTS OF MONEY TO AMOUNTS OF MONEY TO FACILITATE OFFICIAL FACILITATE OFFICIAL TRANSACTIONS.TRANSACTIONS.

SYSTEMIC CORRUPTIONSYSTEMIC CORRUPTION

INTEGRATED AND INTEGRATED AND ESSENTIAL ASPECT OF ESSENTIAL ASPECT OF THE ECONOMIC, THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, POLITICAL SOCIAL, POLITICAL SYSTEM.SYSTEM.

FORMS OF FORMS OF CORRUPTIOCORRUPTIO

NNBRIBERYBRIBERY

NEPOTISM NEPOTISM AND AND CRONYISMCRONYISM

ELECTORAL ELECTORAL FRAUDFRAUD

EMBEZZLEMEEMBEZZLEMENTNT

KICKBACKSKICKBACKS

EXTORTIONEXTORTION

PAYROLL PAYROLL AND GHOST AND GHOST PROJECTSPROJECTS

TAX EVASIONTAX EVASION

PASSING OF PASSING OF CONTRACTSCONTRACTS

PROTECTION PROTECTION MONEYMONEY

BRIBERYBRIBERY• OFFERING OF OFFERING OF

SOMETHING IN SOMETHING IN ORDER TO GAIN ORDER TO GAIN AN UNFAIR AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE OR ADVANTAGE OR SPECIAL SPECIAL TREATMENTTREATMENT

NEPOTISM AND CRONYISMNEPOTISM AND CRONYISM

FAVORING RELATIVES FAVORING RELATIVES (NEPOTISM) OR (NEPOTISM) OR PERSONAL FRIENDS PERSONAL FRIENDS (CRONYISM) OF AN (CRONYISM) OF AN OFFICIAL IS A FORM OFFICIAL IS A FORM OF ILLEGITIMATE OF ILLEGITIMATE PRIVATE GAINPRIVATE GAIN

ELECTORAL FRAUDELECTORAL FRAUD

• ILLEGAL ILLEGAL INTERFERENCE INTERFERENCE WITH THE WITH THE PROCESS OF AN PROCESS OF AN ELECTIONELECTION

EMBEZZLEMENT EMBEZZLEMENT

ILLEGAL TAKING OR ILLEGAL TAKING OR APPROPRIATION OF APPROPRIATION OF MONEY OR PROPERTY MONEY OR PROPERTY THAT HAS BEEN THAT HAS BEEN ENTRUSTED TO A ENTRUSTED TO A PERSON BUT IS PERSON BUT IS ACTUALLY OWNED BY ACTUALLY OWNED BY ANOTHERANOTHER

KICKBACKSKICKBACKS

• OFFICIAL'S SHARE OF OFFICIAL'S SHARE OF MISAPPROPRIATED MISAPPROPRIATED FUNDS ALLOCATED FUNDS ALLOCATED FROM HIS OR HER FROM HIS OR HER ORGANIZATION TO ORGANIZATION TO AN ORGANIZATION AN ORGANIZATION INVOLVED IN INVOLVED IN CORRUPT BIDDINGCORRUPT BIDDING

EXTORTIONEXTORTION

• IS THREATENING OR IS THREATENING OR INFLICTING HARM TO A INFLICTING HARM TO A PERSON, THEIR PERSON, THEIR REPUTATION, OR THEIR REPUTATION, OR THEIR PROPERTY IN ORDER TO PROPERTY IN ORDER TO UNJUSTLY OBTAIN MONEY, UNJUSTLY OBTAIN MONEY, ACTIONS, SERVICES FROM ACTIONS, SERVICES FROM THAT PERSON DURING A THAT PERSON DURING A TRANSACTION.TRANSACTION.

PAYROLL AND GHOST PAYROLL AND GHOST PROJECTSPROJECTS

• DONE BY HIGH DONE BY HIGH OFFICIALS WHEREBY OFFICIALS WHEREBY NON-EXISTING NON-EXISTING PROJECTS ARE PROJECTS ARE FINANCED BY THE FINANCED BY THE GOVERNMENT WHILE GOVERNMENT WHILE NON-EXISTING NON-EXISTING PERSONNEL OR PERSONNEL OR PENSIONERS ARE BEING PENSIONERS ARE BEING PAID SALARIES AND PAID SALARIES AND ALLOWANCESALLOWANCES

TAX EVASIONTAX EVASION

• PARTICULARLY IN THE PARTICULARLY IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR DUE PRIVATE SECTOR DUE TO REFUSAL OF THOSE TO REFUSAL OF THOSE ENGAGED IN PRIVATE ENGAGED IN PRIVATE BUSINESS TO BUSINESS TO HONESTLY DECLARE HONESTLY DECLARE THEIR ANNUAL INCOME THEIR ANNUAL INCOME AND TO PAY THE AND TO PAY THE CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING TAXES TO THE TAXES TO THE GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

PASSING OF CONTRACTSPASSING OF CONTRACTS

• IN CONSTRUCTION OF IN CONSTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE, INFRASTRUCTURE, CONTRACTORS PASS WORK CONTRACTORS PASS WORK FROM ONE TO ANOTHER FROM ONE TO ANOTHER RESULTING TO USE OF RESULTING TO USE OF SUBSTANDARD MATERIALS SUBSTANDARD MATERIALS OR UNFINISHED PROJECTS.OR UNFINISHED PROJECTS.

PROTECTION OF MONEYPROTECTION OF MONEY

• HUGE AMOUNT OF MONEY HUGE AMOUNT OF MONEY IS DELIVERED TO IS DELIVERED TO GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO PROTECT CITIZENS TO PROTECT CITIZENS WHO ARE ENGAGED IN WHO ARE ENGAGED IN ILLEGAL ACTIVITIESILLEGAL ACTIVITIES

CAUSES OF CORRUPTIONCAUSES OF CORRUPTION

AMBIGUOUS LAWS AND REGULATIONSAMBIGUOUS LAWS AND REGULATIONS

> > LACK OF CLEAR LACK OF CLEAR RULES GOVERNING RULES GOVERNING THE PUBLIC SECTOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR

AND ITS PROCEDURES AND ITS PROCEDURES CREATES CREATES

LOOPHOLES FOR LOOPHOLES FOR PERSONS OR FIRMS PERSONS OR FIRMS

TO RECEIVE A TO RECEIVE A GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT

BENEFIT TO WHICH BENEFIT TO WHICH THEY MIGHT NOT BE THEY MIGHT NOT BE

ENTITLEDENTITLED

POOR ENFORCEMENT OF PROPERTY POOR ENFORCEMENT OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAWRIGHTS AND THE RULE OF LAW

> > WEAK WEAK ENFORCEMENT OF ENFORCEMENT OF LAW AND ORDER LAW AND ORDER IN RELATION TO IN RELATION TO

PROPERTY PROPERTY BUSINESSES BUSINESSES ENCOURAGE ENCOURAGE CORRUPTIONCORRUPTION

THE OVERALL CULTURE OF GOVERNANCE THE OVERALL CULTURE OF GOVERNANCE ALSO PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ALSO PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN

CORRUPTIONCORRUPTION

PERSONAL FAVORSPERSONAL FAVORS

> > IT IS BECAUSE IT IS BECAUSE OF MONEY AND OF MONEY AND POWER THAT POWER THAT

MANY POLITICIANS MANY POLITICIANS MAKE POLITICS A MAKE POLITICS A

FAMILY FAMILY BUSINESS.BUSINESS.

ILLEGAL ACTIVITIESILLEGAL ACTIVITIES

> > ANYTHING ANYTHING THAT IS ILLEGAL THAT IS ILLEGAL

BECOMES A BECOMES A SOURCE OF SOURCE OF

CORRUPTION FOR CORRUPTION FOR GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT

OFFICIALSOFFICIALS

BUYING VOTESBUYING VOTES

> > THE CANDIDATE THE CANDIDATE OFFERS MONEY OFFERS MONEY

OR GRANTS OR GRANTS FAVORS TO FAVORS TO

SUPPORTERS AND SUPPORTERS AND CITIZENS TO CITIZENS TO

GAIN ELECTION GAIN ELECTION VOTESVOTES

SIZE OF A MUNICIPALITYSIZE OF A MUNICIPALITY

> > CORRUPTION MOSTLY CORRUPTION MOSTLY OCCUR IN LOCAL OCCUR IN LOCAL

GOVERNMENT BECAUSE GOVERNMENT BECAUSE THERE IS LESS LIKELIHOOD THERE IS LESS LIKELIHOOD

OF EITHER GETTING CAUGHT OF EITHER GETTING CAUGHT OR PROSECUTED, OR PROSECUTED,

THEREFORE, MORE THEREFORE, MORE OFFICIALS MAY BECOME OFFICIALS MAY BECOME

DISHONEST OR AT LEAST BE DISHONEST OR AT LEAST BE TEMPTED TO.TEMPTED TO.

POVERTYPOVERTY

> > POVERTY IS A KNOWN FACTOR THAT POVERTY IS A KNOWN FACTOR THAT ENCOURAGES CORRUPTION IN LOCAL ENCOURAGES CORRUPTION IN LOCAL

GOVERNMENTSGOVERNMENTS

LOW WAGESLOW WAGES

> > LOW WAGES CAN LOW WAGES CAN CAUSE ECONOMIC CAUSE ECONOMIC

INSECURITY AND INSECURITY AND ENCOURAGE ENCOURAGE

POLITICIANS TO TAKE POLITICIANS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF ADVANTAGE OF

CURRENT CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES OPPORTUNITIES AS AS PUBLIC FIGURES OF PUBLIC FIGURES OF

AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

EDUCATIONEDUCATION

> > LOWER LEVELS LOWER LEVELS OF OF EDUCATION

 WHICH ARE OFTEN  WHICH ARE OFTEN CAUSED BY CAUSED BY

POVERTY ARE SEEN POVERTY ARE SEEN AS A FACTOR AS A FACTOR

WHICH WHICH ENCOURAGES ENCOURAGES

CORRUPT CORRUPT GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT

PRACTICESPRACTICES

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

THE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONTHE 1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

ARTICLE XI OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION, TITLED ARTICLE XI OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION, TITLED “ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS”, STATES IN SECTION 1 “ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS”, STATES IN SECTION 1 THAT “PUBLIC OFFICE IS A PUBLIC TRUST.” PUBLIC OFFICERS THAT “PUBLIC OFFICE IS A PUBLIC TRUST.” PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES MUST AT ALL TIMES BE ACCOUNTABLE TO THE AND EMPLOYEES MUST AT ALL TIMES BE ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PEOPLE, SERVE THEM WITH UTMOST RESPONSIBILITY, PEOPLE, SERVE THEM WITH UTMOST RESPONSIBILITY, INTEGRITY, LOYALTY, AND EFFICIENCY, ACT WITH PATRIOTISM INTEGRITY, LOYALTY, AND EFFICIENCY, ACT WITH PATRIOTISM AND JUSTICE, AND LEAD MODEST LIVES. AND JUSTICE, AND LEAD MODEST LIVES.

SECTION II. THE PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT, MEMBERS OF SECTION II. THE PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT, MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS AND THE OMBUDSMAN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS AND THE OMBUDSMAN MAY BE REMOVED FROM THE OFFICE FROM IMPEACHMENT FOR MAY BE REMOVED FROM THE OFFICE FROM IMPEACHMENT FOR BRIBERY AND GRAFT AND CORRUPTION.BRIBERY AND GRAFT AND CORRUPTION.

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3019 “ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION REPUBLIC ACT NO. 3019 “ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION PRACTICES ACT OF 1960PRACTICES ACT OF 1960

THIS LAW ENUMERATES ALL CORRUPT PRACTICE OF ANY THIS LAW ENUMERATES ALL CORRUPT PRACTICE OF ANY PUBLIC OFFICER, DECLARES PUBLIC OFFICER, DECLARES THEM UNLAWFUL AND PROVIDES THEM UNLAWFUL AND PROVIDES THE CORRESPONDING PENALTIES OF IMPRISONMENT THE CORRESPONDING PENALTIES OF IMPRISONMENT (BETWEEN 6-(BETWEEN 6-15 YEARS) PERPETUAL DISQUALIFICATIONS FROM PUBLIC OFFICE, 15 YEARS) PERPETUAL DISQUALIFICATIONS FROM PUBLIC OFFICE, AND AND CONFISCATION OF FORFEITURE OF UNEXPLAINED WEALTH IN CONFISCATION OF FORFEITURE OF UNEXPLAINED WEALTH IN FAVOR OF THE GOVERNMENT. FAVOR OF THE GOVERNMENT.

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 292 OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 292 OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF 19871987

THIS ORDER REITERATES THE PROVISIONS EMBODIES IN THIS ORDER REITERATES THE PROVISIONS EMBODIES IN SECTION 1, ARTICLE XI OF SECTION 1, ARTICLE XI OF THE 1987 CONSTITUTION. IT ALSO THE 1987 CONSTITUTION. IT ALSO GIVES THE PRESIDENT THE POWER TO INSTITUTE GIVES THE PRESIDENT THE POWER TO INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS PROCEEDINGS TO RECOVER PROPERTIES UNLAWFULLY ACQUIRED BY PUBLIC TO RECOVER PROPERTIES UNLAWFULLY ACQUIRED BY PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES.EMPLOYEES.

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6713 ALSO KNOWN AS THE CODE OF CONDUCT AND REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6713 ALSO KNOWN AS THE CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES OF 1989ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES OF 1989

THIS ACT PROMOTES A HIGH STANDARD OF ETHICS AND REQUIRE THIS ACT PROMOTES A HIGH STANDARD OF ETHICS AND REQUIRE ALL GOVERNMENT ALL GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL TO MAKE AN ACCURATE STATEMENT OF PERSONNEL TO MAKE AN ACCURATE STATEMENT OF

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, DISCLOSURE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES, DISCLOSURE OF NET WORTH AND NET WORTH AND FINANCIAL CONNECTIONS. IT ALSO REQUIRES NEW PUBLIC OFFICIALS FINANCIAL CONNECTIONS. IT ALSO REQUIRES NEW PUBLIC OFFICIALS

TO TO DIVEST OWNERSHIP IN ANY PRIVATE ENTERPRISE WITHIN 30 DAYS DIVEST OWNERSHIP IN ANY PRIVATE ENTERPRISE WITHIN 30 DAYS FROM ASSUMPTIONS OF THE OFFICE.FROM ASSUMPTIONS OF THE OFFICE.

  

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6770 ALSO KNOWN AS AN ACT REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6770 ALSO KNOWN AS AN ACT STRENGTHENING CIVILIAN SUPREMACY OVER THE MILITARY.STRENGTHENING CIVILIAN SUPREMACY OVER THE MILITARY.

THIS LAW CREATES TWO AVENUES FOR TRYING ERRING THIS LAW CREATES TWO AVENUES FOR TRYING ERRING MEMBERS OF THE ARMED MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES AND FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES AND

OTHER MEMBERS SUBJECT TO MILITARY LAWS. CRIMES OTHER MEMBERS SUBJECT TO MILITARY LAWS. CRIMES PENALIZED BY THE REVISED PENAL CODE AND OTHER SPECIAL PENALIZED BY THE REVISED PENAL CODE AND OTHER SPECIAL

PENAL LAWS AND PENAL LAWS AND GOVERNMENT ORDINANCES SHALL BE TRIED GOVERNMENT ORDINANCES SHALL BE TRIED IN CIVIL COURTS. MILITARY COURTS SHALL TAKE IN CIVIL COURTS. MILITARY COURTS SHALL TAKE COGNIZANCE COGNIZANCE

OF SERVICE-ORIENTED CRIMES ONLY.OF SERVICE-ORIENTED CRIMES ONLY.

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7080. THE ACT DEFINING AND PENALIZING THE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7080. THE ACT DEFINING AND PENALIZING THE CRIME OF PLUNDERCRIME OF PLUNDER

THIS ACT PENALIZES ANY PUBLIC OFFICER WHO BY HIMSELF THIS ACT PENALIZES ANY PUBLIC OFFICER WHO BY HIMSELF ON IN CONVENIENCE ON IN CONVENIENCE WITH MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY, RELATIVES, WITH MEMBERS OF HIS FAMILY, RELATIVES, BY AFFINITY OR CONSANGUINITY, BUSINESS BY AFFINITY OR CONSANGUINITY, BUSINESS ASSOCIATES, ASSOCIATES, ACCUMULATES OR ACQUIRES ILL-GOTTEN WEALTH, THROUGH A ACCUMULATES OR ACQUIRES ILL-GOTTEN WEALTH, THROUGH A COMBINATION OF COMBINATION OF SERIES OF EVENT CRIMINAL ACTS, SERIES OF EVENT CRIMINAL ACTS, AGGREGATE AMOUNT TO TOTAL VALUE OF AT LEAST FIFTY AGGREGATE AMOUNT TO TOTAL VALUE OF AT LEAST FIFTY MILLION PESOS MILLION PESOS

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

PRESIDENTIAL DEGREE NO. 46 PRESIDENTIAL DEGREE NO. 46

DECLARES IT UNLAWFUL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO DECLARES IT UNLAWFUL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO RECEIVE GIFTS AND FOR RECEIVE GIFTS AND FOR PRIVATE PERSONS TO GIVE GIFTS ON PRIVATE PERSONS TO GIVE GIFTS ON ANY OCCASION INCLUDING CHRISTMAS, REGARDLESS OF ANY OCCASION INCLUDING CHRISTMAS, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE GIFT IS FOR PAST OR FUTURE FAVORS. IT ALSO WHETHER THE GIFT IS FOR PAST OR FUTURE FAVORS. IT ALSO PROHIBITS ENTERTAINING PUBLIC PROHIBITS ENTERTAINING PUBLIC OFFICERS AND THEIR OFFICERS AND THEIR RELATIVES.RELATIVES.

CIVIL LAWSCIVIL LAWS

PRESIDENTIAL DEGREE NO. 749PRESIDENTIAL DEGREE NO. 749

GRANTS IMMUNITY FROM PROSECUTION TO GIVER OF BRIBES GRANTS IMMUNITY FROM PROSECUTION TO GIVER OF BRIBES AND OTHER GIFTS AND AND OTHER GIFTS AND TO THEIR ACCOMPLICES IN BRIBERY TO THEIR ACCOMPLICES IN BRIBERY CHARGES IF THEY TESTIFY AGAINST THE PUBLIC OFFICIALS CHARGES IF THEY TESTIFY AGAINST THE PUBLIC OFFICIALS OR OR PRIVATE PERSONS GUILTY OF THOSE OFFENCES.PRIVATE PERSONS GUILTY OF THOSE OFFENCES.

DIVINE LAWDIVINE LAW

THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT: “THOU SHALT NOT STEAL.”THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT: “THOU SHALT NOT STEAL.”

THE LORD ENJOINS US TO TURN ASIDE FROM STEALING, WHICH THE LORD ENJOINS US TO TURN ASIDE FROM STEALING, WHICH MEANS CONSCIOUS ACTIONS THAT AIM TO TAKE THE PROPERTY MEANS CONSCIOUS ACTIONS THAT AIM TO TAKE THE PROPERTY OF OUR NEIGHBOR OR OF OUR COMMUNITY FOR OURSELVES. OF OUR NEIGHBOR OR OF OUR COMMUNITY FOR OURSELVES. CHRIST CALLED STEALING A SERIOUS CRIME, DIRECTLY CHRIST CALLED STEALING A SERIOUS CRIME, DIRECTLY DEPENDENT ON A MALICIOUS INTENT, OF THE SAME ORDER AS DEPENDENT ON A MALICIOUS INTENT, OF THE SAME ORDER AS BLASPHEMY, MURDER, AND OTHER SINS PROCEEDING FROM THE BLASPHEMY, MURDER, AND OTHER SINS PROCEEDING FROM THE HEART (MARK 7:22).HEART (MARK 7:22).

STANDSTAND

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

CORRUPTION AS THE IMPAIRMENT OF INTEGRITY, VIRTUE, OR MORAL CORRUPTION AS THE IMPAIRMENT OF INTEGRITY, VIRTUE, OR MORAL PRINCIPLE. GRAFT, A FORM OF PRINCIPLE. GRAFT, A FORM OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION, IS THE DECEITFUL , IS THE DECEITFUL USE OF A POLITICIAN'S AUTHORITY FOR PERSONAL GAIN. THE TYPES OF USE OF A POLITICIAN'S AUTHORITY FOR PERSONAL GAIN. THE TYPES OF CORRUPTION ARE GRAND CORRUPTION, POLITICAL CORRUPTION, CORRUPTION ARE GRAND CORRUPTION, POLITICAL CORRUPTION, PATRONAGE, NEPOTISM AND CRONYISM, ELECTORAL FRAUD, PATRONAGE, NEPOTISM AND CRONYISM, ELECTORAL FRAUD, EMBEZZLEMENT, KICKBACKS, UNHOLY ALLIANCE, SWINDLING, UNJUST EMBEZZLEMENT, KICKBACKS, UNHOLY ALLIANCE, SWINDLING, UNJUST JUDGMENT, EXTORTION, FRAUD, PAYROLL AND GHOST PROJECTS, AND TAX JUDGMENT, EXTORTION, FRAUD, PAYROLL AND GHOST PROJECTS, AND TAX EVASION. WE ALSO HAVE THE CAUSES OF CORRUPTION. THERE ARE SEVERAL EVASION. WE ALSO HAVE THE CAUSES OF CORRUPTION. THERE ARE SEVERAL CIVIL LAWS THAT ARE AGAINST GRAFT AND CORRUPTION. THE EIGHTH CIVIL LAWS THAT ARE AGAINST GRAFT AND CORRUPTION. THE EIGHTH COMMANDMENT SAYS “THOU SHALT NOT STEAL.” THIS IS GIVEN TO HUMANS COMMANDMENT SAYS “THOU SHALT NOT STEAL.” THIS IS GIVEN TO HUMANS BY GOD FOR HUMANS TO KNOW WHAT ARE THE MORALS VALUES OF BEING A BY GOD FOR HUMANS TO KNOW WHAT ARE THE MORALS VALUES OF BEING A GOOD PERSON. THE CHURCH LAW, ALSO AGAINST GRAFT AND CORRUPTION GOOD PERSON. THE CHURCH LAW, ALSO AGAINST GRAFT AND CORRUPTION IS TALKING ABOUT THE MORAL VALUES OF HUMAN BEINGS. GRAFT AND IS TALKING ABOUT THE MORAL VALUES OF HUMAN BEINGS. GRAFT AND CORRUPTION IS A SIN AND MUST NOT BE DONE BY US HUMANS.CORRUPTION IS A SIN AND MUST NOT BE DONE BY US HUMANS.