Edited by FRED ZIMMERMANN(See Editor's Note on the last page.)

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In editing this volume, several indications in addition to the regularly acceptedsymbols were used. In order to help the student, a short explanation follows :

OVERLAPPING BRACKETS.

To avoid unnecessary shifting this technique has been used as explained in the following examples :

Descending .1 4 2 1

1 4 3 2 1

i-Ex . I

Ex. II

Ex . III

Ex. IV1 4 2 1

1 4 2 1D

AEXAMPLE 1 . While playing the C with the first finger, lift the second and third fingers sufficiently to allow the fourth finger

to be placed in position to play the C# . Retain pressure on the first finger while placing the fourth finger on the string, so thatthe weight of both fingers is felt on the string simultaneously . When full weight has been placed on the fourth finger, and thenote is now being bowed, secure that finger by pressing it firmly on the string, while extending the other fingers and thumb intothe lower neighboring position . In playing rapidly, the fingers and thumb may extend themselves to the lower position, at the

moment that full pressure is placed on the fourth finger .EXAMPLE II . The Franke method .EXAMPLE III . Place fourth finger on the D string, using the same technique .EXAMPLE IV . Place fourth finger on the A string, using the same technique as in Example I .

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Ex. II -

DOTTED BRACKET .

EXTENSION .

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Ascending .

THE PLAYING OF FOURTHS IN THE SAME POSITION.

The combination of any of the above techniques .

EXAMPLE I . While playing the C with the fourth finger, lift the second and third fingers sufficiently to allow the first fingerto be placed in position to play the B . Retain pressure on the fourth finger while placing the first on the string, so that theweight of both is felt simultaneously on the string . When full pressure has been placed on the first finger, raise the fourth, andwhile bowing the B, extend the second, fourth and thum into their place in the upper neighboring position .EXAMPLE II . The Franke method . (Four finger system .)EXAMPLE III . Place first finger on D string, using same technique as in Example I .EXAMPLE IV . Place first finger on the A string, using same technique as in Example 1 .

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THE FRANKE METHOD .

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2

3

4

The four finger system in which the four fingers are used before shifting .

The extension of the fourth or first finger without shifting .

COMBINATION OF TECHNIQUES .

FRED ZIMMERMANN

4 4s4~ Keep pressure constant on the fourth finger, while bringing the third finger over to play the C .By raising the left elbow slightly, the hand is so pitched that the third finger is opposite the fourth .The same technique is used with the alternate fingering .

12 2 1 21