GRADE 7 ENGLISH

TASK 15 – This task will be used for the next two weeks

MRS Y UDITHPITLOCHRY PRIMARY

WORD LEVEL: *PREPOSITIONS, ARTICLES, NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, DEGREES OF COMPARISON, ABSTRACT NOUNS

SENTENCE LEVEL: *ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE, FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

WORD MEANING: *SYNONYMS, ANTONYMS

PUNCTUATION

LANGUAGE

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

1. The boy writes poems. 2. The girl drove the blue car. 3. They have collected enough money. 4. They will open a new restaurant. 5. The guard watched the prisoner.

REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE VOICE

PREPOSITIONS• Are words that show the relationship of one thing to another • They refer to place, position time manner or reason • They usually appear before nouns and pronouns

The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions:

till / until i n t h e s e n s e o f h o w l o n g something is going to last

He is on holiday until Friday.

by in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time

I will be back by 6 o’clock.

By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

English Usage Example

on days of the week on Monday

in months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?)

in August /in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour

at for night for weekend a certain point of time (when?)

at night at the weekend at half past nine

since from a certain point of time (past till now) since 1980

for over a certain period of time (past till now)

for 2 years

ago a certain time in the past 2 years ago

English Usage Example

before earlier than a certain point of time

before 2004

to telling the time ten to six (5:50) past telling the time ten past six (6:10) to / till / until

marking the beginning and end of a period of time

from Monday to/till Friday

PREPOSTIONS OF TIME

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (POSITION AND DIRECTION)

English Usage Example

in room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world

in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world

at meaning next to, by an object for table for events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)

at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work

on attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio

the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio

by, next to, beside

left or right of somebody or something Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.

under on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else

the bag is under the table

below lower than something else but above ground

the fish are below the

surface over covered by something else meaning more

than overcoming an obstacle getting to the other side

put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age climb over the wall walk over the bridge

above higher than something else, but not directly over it

a path above the lake

across getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side

walk across the bridge swim across the lake

through something with limits on top, bottom and the sides

drive through the tunnel

to movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed

go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed

into enter a room / a building go into the kitchen / the house

towards movement in the direction of something

(but not directly to it)

go 5 steps towards the house

onto movement to the top of something jump onto the table

from in the sense of where from a flower from the garden

FILL IN THE PREPOSITIONS IN EACH SENTENCE BELOW.

1. I prefer to read ______ the library. 2. He climbed up the ladder to get ______ the attic. 3. Please sign your name ____ the dotted line _____ you read the

contract. 4. Go _____ the stairs and ______ the door. 5. He swam _______ the pool. 6. Take your brother _______ you. 7. I received a present _______ Janet. 8. School begins _____ Monday.

ARTICLES – DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE

♥ an - used before singular count nouns beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or vowel sound: an apple, an elephant, an issue, an orange.

♥ a - used before singular count nouns beginning with consonants (other than a, e, i, o, u): a stamp, a desk, a television, a cup, a book.

Indefinite Articles: a, an

BUT ♥ if the first letter of the word is a vowel, but sounds like a consonant, then use a – a used car, a useful

gadget – sounds like ‘y’.

♥ if the first letter of the word is a consonant, but sounds like a vowel, then use an – an honest man –

sounds like ‘o’.

Definite Article: the

♥ Can be used before singular and plural, or countable and non-countable nouns.

Anne received the award for bravery (a specific award).

REWRITE EACH SENTENCE AND FILL IN THE CORRECT ARTICLE.

1. ______ Blue Whale can weigh up to 200 tons.

2. I found ______ yellow stone and ______ earring while I was walking on the beach. 3. Go to the supermarket and buy ______ melon and ______ newspaper. 4. If you want to get good marks you should be ______ hardworking student. 5. I wish I could see ______ unicorn.

6. Wendy wants to buy ______ fridge, ______ washing machine, and ______ oven and______ electric knife for her new house.

7. If you eat ______ orange or ______ lemon a day, you can protect yourself from flu. 8. My mother is ______ angel. She treats me well even if I get bad marks. 9. It's too hot. I want to have ______ ice-cream. 10.My father has ______ Italian and ______ Turkish flag. 11.The teacher wanted ______ answer from the student. 12.Peter is going to have ______ birthday party next Sunday.

• Adjectives are words that describe nouns. • They are used to make writing more interesting and to give

more detail.• Adjectives are used in descriptive essays.

ADJECTIVES

• To give more detail to this sentence, you can add an adjective to describe each noun.

• In the above sentence, “boy” and “vase” are the nouns. • Add an adjective to describe each noun.

EXAMPLE: Consider the following sentences:The boy broke the vase.The naughty boy broke the red vase.“Naughty” describes the boy and “red” describes the vase.With the use of adjectives your sentence becomes more interesting as compared to the first one.

FIRST UNDERLINE ALL THE NOUNS IN THE SENTENCE. THEREAFTER, FIND THE ADJECTIVE THAT DESCRIBES THE NOUN AND CIRCLE IT.

1. Jim was a mischievous boy who played silly pranks. 2. We expected heavy rainfall in the afternoon. 3. The ugly old witch scared the little children. 4. The orange ball was found near the wooden gate. 5. The furry cats were chasing the brown rats through the beautiful garden. 6. Colourful beads were scattered all over the dusty floor. 7. The strict parents punished the disobedient children. 8. The adorable baby slept in the white cot. 9. Yellow leaves fell from the huge tree. 10. The curious puppies ran across the busy road.

PUNCTUATION• Punctuation marks make any written text easier to read and understand. • Without punctuation, writing would not make sense.

PUNCTUATION USE EXAMPLE

FULL STOP . • Used to end a sentence.• Used after an abbreviation

• He went to town.• President = Pres.

QUESTION MARK ? • Appears at the end of a question. • Who left the gate open? Where did you hide the ring? Did you eat?

EXCLAMATION MARK !

• Appears at the end of an exclamation, i.e. a sentence that shows strong emotions or feelings.

• Help! Don’t run! Stop!

CAPITAL LETTER • Sentences always begin with a capital letter. • Proper nouns must be written in capital letter.• Main words in titles must appear in capital letters.• The first word in Direct Speech must also be in capital

letter if it is the start of the spoken sentence.• Used in the personal pronoun.

• They went across the road to buy ice-cream.• Mike, America, Master Street, Boksburg, etc.• The Lord of the Flies.• She said, “Must we always agree with her?”• I returned the bag. Should I go on the road trip?

COMMA , • Used to separate items on a list.• Shows additional information.

• Dad bought pens, books, erasers and glue. (there is no comma before and)

• Ronaldo, the famous soccer player, scored the winning goal. (brackets or dashes can also be used to show additional informational)

REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AND ADD IN THE NECESSARY PUNCTUATION.

1. are john mark and katlego coming today 2. look out3. jack could not believe that south africa lost the cricket match 4. are you sure that you want to say your speech today 5. usain bolt the fastest runner broke the 400m record 6. sarah needed colour pencils highlighters pastels and paint for her project

Read the descriptive paragraph on the right and take note of the adjectives that have been used. The adjectives are in purple and the nouns that they describe, are in blue. The red has been used to show that similes can also be used. A simile compares two things using the words “like” or “as”.

A Friendly Clown

At my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle. It was a gift that I received last Christmas from my best friend. The clown's short, yellow hair, covers its white ears, but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cheeks that are as red as tomatoes. Its nose, and lips are cherry red and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck. The clown wears a fluffy, two-tone costume. The left side of the outfit is as blue as the sky, and the right side is as green as the grass. Surrounding its ankles and disguising its long, black shoes are big, pink bows. The white spokes on the wheels of the unicycle gather in the centre and expand to the black tyre so that the wheel resembles a grapefruit. This colourful clown greets me with a beautiful smile every time I enter my room.

DESCRIPTIVE WORDS. FILL IN SUITABLE ADJECTIVES TO COMPLETE THE PARAGRAPH BELOW.

The Beach The ______________ water crashes into the shoreline, turning into ______________ waves. The waves stop as it reaches the _____________ sand and slowly rolls back into the ____________ ocean. This relaxing rhythm of the waves is music to my ears. The ______________ breeze makes the __________________ palm trees sway from side-to-side. Never have I seen a sunset as _________________________ as this. The sun peeking through the _________________ clouds illuminates the ____________sky in a dazzling ______________ glow. All is still and quiet except for the sound of the _______________ waves. God's painted masterpiece is a __________________ sight to witness.

SYNONYMS

A synonym is a word that has a similar meaning as another word.Examples: funny: humorous, comical, hilarious beautiful: attractive, pretty, stunning intelligent: smart, bright, brilliant true: genuine, factual, real outgoing: friendly, sociable, extroverted

CHOOSE A SYNONYM FROM THE BLOCK BELOW AND REPLACE IT WITH THE UNDERLINED WORD IN EACH SENTENCE.

gigantic, old, redecorated, polite, delighted, safe, intelligent, rich, vacant, angry

1. The man was annoyed at the bank teller

2. Her parents are wealthy.

3. The money was secure in the bank vault.

4. She was courteous to the man at the store

5. I was happy that I passed my test

6. The building was tall.

7. The ancient artefacts were at the museum.

8. The renovated room was beautiful.

9. The clever investigator solved the crime.

10. The old house was empty for many years.

ANTONYMSAn antonym is a word opposite in meaning to another.Examples: entrance – exit true – false above – below young – elderly early – late

CHOOSE A ANTONYM FROM THE BLOCK BELOW AND REPLACE IT WITH THE UNDERLINED WORD IN EACH SENTENCE.

hot, large, above, up, cheerful, all, early, before, wet, slow1. Our teacher was sad in the morning. 2. The dry surface was good to play on. 3. I looked down the stairs. 4. It was cold this morning5. I looked under the table for the lost baseball.6. The short basketball player ran very fast. 7. I arrived late to class. 8. None of the players were prepared to play the game.9. The small cloud hovered over us. 10. I took a shower after I played tennis.

DEGREES OF COMPARISON

DEGREES OF COMPARISON. FILL IN THE CORRECT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES IN BRACKETS.

1. This summer is _________ than the previous summer. (hot) 2. Harsha is the _________ boy in the class. (intelligent) 3. Her doll is _________ than yours. (pretty) 4. Name the _________ city in the world. (big)5. He is the _________ friend I have. (good) 6. Iron is _________ than any other metal. (useful)7. Ram’s work is bad, Hari’s is _________, but Govind’s work is

the _________. (bad) 8. Silver is _________ than gold. (cheap)9. The Eiffel Tower is _________ than the Qutub Minar. (tall) 10. Akbar was the _________ Mughal Emperor. (great)

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

CAN YOU TELL WHAT TYPE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IS BEING USED IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES?

1. This coffee shop is an ice box! 2. She's happy as a clam. 3. She's drowning in a sea of grief.4. I move fast like a cheetah on the Serengeti. 5. The sky misses the sun at night. 6. I've told you a million times to clean your room! 7. The sea lashed out in anger at the ships, unwilling to tolerate another battle.8. The burning wood hissed and crackled.9. Her head was spinning from all the new information.10.We're up, wide-eyed, and wondering while we wait for others to awaken.11.I can smell pizza from a mile away.12.The traffic noises argued long into the night and finally Carl went to sleep.13.The crowd cheered when the champion hit the challenger with a chair.14.The bird’s chirp filled the empty night air.15. Your friends will flip-flop fast when facing trouble.

ABSTRACT NOUNSAbstract nouns are things that we feel but cannot touch like ideas, feelings and emotions (love, fear, justice).Abstract nouns tend to be uncountable nouns because they do not have a concrete element to count, although some abstract nouns can also be used as countable nouns.

Abstract nouns and suffixes:Many abstract nouns end in the following suffixes. See if you can think of one ending with each suffix listed – -age, -ment, -ness, -ship, -ism, -ice, -ence, -ance, -tion

1. Write two sentences for each of these abstract nouns.

hope, sorrow, kindness, passion, fear, injustice, embarrassment, love

2. Fill in the correct abstract noun into the paragraph below:

heritage, commitment, determination, loss, honour, friendship, justice, freedom

David Kruiper was a man of _________ who fought for _________ for his people. He wanted the Khomani San to have the ________ of the land that was traditionally their ________. His _________ will be felt by his family and by those to whom he showed both __________ and _________. His ________ will not be forgotten.

Transactional texts

WRITING A NEWSPAPER

ARTICLE

DEFINITIONS: SENTENCE LEVELChronological order:

A method of organisation in which actions or events are presented as they occur (or occurred) in time

Persuasive and emotive language: Persuasive language is defined as presenting reasons and examples to influence action or thought. Effective persuasive writing requires a writer to state an opinion clearly and to supply reasons and specific examples that support the opinion.

Emotive language:

The deliberate use of strong, emotive words to play on the readers’ feelings. It’s a language that carries strong emotions.

Bias: A tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc. are better than others. This belief usually results in people being treated unfairly.

Prejudice: Prejudgment or forming an opinion before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case. The word is often used to refer to preconceived, usually unfavourable, judgments toward people or a person because of gender, political opinion, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality or other personal characteristics.

Stereotypes:

A stereotype is used to categorise a group of people. People don't understand that type of person, so they put them into classifications, thinking that everyone who is similar, needs to be like that or anyone who acts like their classifications, is one. The stereotype for Goths are black clothes, black make-up, depressed and hated by society. The stereotyped ideas associated with Punks are mohawks, spikes, chains, menace to society, always getting into trouble.

Rhetoric devices:

Rhetoric devices are techniques that an author or speaker

uses to convey to the listener or reader a meaning, with the

goal of persuading him or her towards considering a topic

from a different perspective. They use sentences designed

to encourage or provoke a rational argument from an

emotional display of a given perspective or action.

What is the difference between

bias and prejudice?

Firstly, you can be positively or negatively biased for or

against someone/thing, whereas prejudice is, in current

usage, always negative.

Secondly, prejudice means pre-judging, so it carries the idea

of having made your opinion on someone or something

without prior knowledge of that person or thing. For example,

you may be prejudiced against New Zealanders even

though you have never met any, or you had a bad encounter

with one New Zealander and decided that all New

Zealanders are rude.

On the other hand, a bias can be based on a thorough

knowledge of a person/thing - for example, one might think

that a mother shouldn't judge an art competition in which her

son is one of the competitors because she may be biased

towards him.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE The key elements of a Newspaper article are:

1. Headline • Catches your attention • Sums up the story 2. By-line • Writer’s name • Writer’s Specialty, e.g. sports, food, crime, current events 3. Place line • Where the story begins

4. Lead • The opening section • Gives most important information • Should answer most of the 5 ‘W’s 5. Body • Supplies detail • Most important details come first • Simple true statements

6. Quotation • What someone actually said • Adds accuracy • Adds an “at the scene” feeling

News Report – An example CAR THIEF CAUGHT TRAPPED IN TARGET

VEHICLE Jim Day, Staff Reporter

Wed. Feb 25, 2009

Police were called to a house in Adelaide after two

thieves were heard trying to steal a car. On arrival,

they were surprised to find a 53-year old man hiding

inside the vehicle.

"The man, while breaking into the car, had locked

himself in the car and couldn't get out," South

Australian police said, adding that a second thief was

found hiding in nearby bushes.

CANBERRA - A bungling Australian car thief was nabbed after accidentally locking himself in the vehicle that he was trying to steal on Wednesday.

Place line

HeadlineBy – line (name of author) Lead

- Catches the reader’s interest- The most important information- Introduces the topic- Answers most of the 5 W’s

Body

Quotation

WRITE A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

TIME FOR YOU TO WRITE:• Write your own newspaper article on an

exciting event that happened at your school or at home or in the world.

• Your story must be 100-120 words long. Follow the format above.

• Follow the writing process.• PLANNING• DRAFTING• REVISION• EDITING• PROOF –

READING AND PRESENTING

CATCHY HEADLINE

NEWS

Newspapers and magazines have to cater for the interests of a wide range of readers for example they have sections on travel, food, lifestyle, etc. If someone important has died newspapers often include an obituary.

OBITUARY: A notice of someone’s death, usually includes a short biography

Skim over the obituary below ( EFS p172) to get a feel for what an obituary contains an who it is written about.

EXPLORE THROUGH READING. READ THE OBITUARY OF DAVID KRUIPER IN YOUR ENGLISH FOR SUCCESS TEXTBOOK p172 AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

1.What was David Kruiper’s nickname?2.How did he refer to himself?3.Why was he important?4.Where were his people based in South Africa?5.What did he fight for on their behalf?6.What did he mean by “they stole our people’s knowledge”?7.Why do you think he appeared in a foreign comedy film?8.What simile did he use to describe himself?9. In the tribute he is described as “leaving big footsteps to follow”.

This is not a literal expression. Explain what you think it means.

Think about how an obituary should be read out aloud. Practice reading the obituary aloud. Remember to take note of tone, pace and intonation, appropriate body language, use punctuation cues, context and conventions.

A good writer or journalist can make even the most complicated things understandable. Magazines, encyclopaedias, textbooks and Internet sites often use diagrams and posters to help explain complex things.

In 2012 South Africa and Australia competed to host the SKA telescope. Many people were excited but did not really know what it was.1. Scan the heading of the poster to get the general idea.

Skim the rest of the poster to identify the types of information that has been included.

2. Rewrite the poster as a newspaper article for a school magazine. Express a positive or negative opinion depending on your feelings. Read the comments on p175 of your English For Success to help form your opinion.Use the following paragraph framework.Describe the telescope (what)Explain its purpose (why)Describe where its located (where)State when it will be completed (when)Explain how it works (how)Your opinion

Feature articles are often longer than normal articles and are often written for a specific target audience. Features can include narrative writing, fact and opinion, interview extracts, quotes and pictures or extracts.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS BASED ON THE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE BELOW.

1. What is cyber bullying? 2. What did the authors of this study say would happen, if the

evidence found was ignored? 3. What percentage of participants believed that cyber bullying

had increased over the past 2 years? 4. Name five different types of cyber bullying incidents which have been reported.

4. What effects does cyber bullying have on a young person’s mental health?

5. What would you do if you were being bullied? 6. Why do you think young people bully others?

https://www.pitlochryps.co.za/

REFERENCES – ENGLISH FOR SUCCESS GRADE 7, ENGLISH GRADE 7 e- NOTES