Grade 5 Science...object is stationary, its forces are balanced. When its forces become unbalanced,...
Transcript of Grade 5 Science...object is stationary, its forces are balanced. When its forces become unbalanced,...
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 1
GRADE 5 SCIENCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS In–School Preparation page 2 Amusement Ride Activities page 13 Other Activities page 49 Answer Key page 56
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 2
GRADE 5
IN-SCHOOL PREPARATION
MEETING THE EXPECTATIONS
AMUSEMENT RIDE JOURNAL ENTRY RUBRIC
BASIC MEASUREMENTS
MATH PRACTICE
LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
SCIENCE LANGUAGE EXERCISE
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 3
MEETING THE EXPECTATIONS
CW Physics, Science & Math Day Activities A correlation with the Ontario Science Curriculum Grade 5
Grade 5
S = Structures and Mechanisms
Forces Acting on Structures and Mechanisms
ACTIVITIES GRADE 5
specific expectations
Riptide
Dragon Fire
The Bat
Vortex
Mighty Canadian Minebuster
Flight Deck
The Fly
S3.1 – Identify internal forces acting on a structure
(e.g., compression [squeezing], tension [stretching]), & describe the effects of their application
S3.2 – Identify external forces acting on a structure
(e.g., the weight of people and furniture in a
house, wind blowing on a tent, the movement
caused by a passing train), and describe their
effects on the structure, using diagrams
S3.3 – explain the advantages and disadvantages of
different types of mechanical systems
S2.3 –use scientific inquiry/research skills (see page
S3.4 - Describe forces resulting from Natural
phenomena that can have severe consequences for
structures in the environment
S 2.5 - Use appropriate science and technology
vocabulary, including tension, compression, torque,
system, and load, in oral and written communication.
S2.1 – Follow established safety procedures for
working with tools and materials.
S 2.4 use technological problem-solving skills (see
page 16) to design, build, and test a frame
structure (e.g., a bridge, a tower) that will withstand
the application of an external force
(e.g., a strong wind or simulated vibrations from
a train) or a mechanical system that performs
a specific function (e.g., a building crane)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 4
MEETING THE EXPECTATIONS
Park Exploration S3.1 - identify internal forces acting on a structure
(e.g., compression [squeezing], tension [stretching]),
and describe their effects on the structure
S 3.2 Identify external forces acting on a structure
(e.g., the weight of people and furniture in a
house, wind blowing on a tent, the movement
caused by a passing train), and describe their
effects on the structure, using diagrams
S 2.2 measure and compare, quantitatively and/or
qualitatively, the force required to move a load
(e.g., to lift a book, to open a drawer) using different
mechanical systems (e.g., different pulley
systems, a lever, a gear system), and describe the
relationship between the force required and the
distance over which the force moves.
S 3.3explain the advantages and disadvantages of
different types of mechanical systems
S 2.3 use scientific inquiry/research skills (see page see
page 15) to investigate how structures are built to
withstand forces
S 3.4 describe forces resulting from natural phenomena
that can have severe consequences
for structures in the environment
S 2.5 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary,
including tension, compression, torque, system, and load,
in oral and written communication.
S 2.6 use a variety of forms (e.g., oral, written, graphic,
multimedia) to communicate with different
audiences and for a variety of purposes
S 2.1 follow established safety procedures for working
with tools and materials
S 2.2 measure and compare, quantitatively and/or
qualitatively, the force required to move a load
(e.g., to lift a book, to open a drawer) using different
mechanical systems (e.g., different pulley
systems, a lever, a gear system), and describe the
relationship between the force required and the
distance over which the force moves Consumer Survey
(Safety & Aesthetic Appeal)
S 2.5 use appropriate science and technology vocabulary,
including tension, compression, torque, system, and load,
in oral and written communication
S 2.6 use a variety of forms (e.g., oral, written, graphic,
multimedia) to communicate with different
audiences and for a variety of purposes
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 5
AMUSEMENT RIDE JOURNAL ENTRY RUBRIC
CATEGORY LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
LEVEL 4
Understanding of Concepts
Demonstrates an
understanding of
the effect of forces
on different
structures and
mechanisms
- shows limited
understanding
of how the
forces of
tension and
compression act
on the basic
structural and
design features
such as
cylindrical
piers,
triangulation,
etc.
- shows some
understanding
of how the
forces of
tension and
compression act
on the basic
structural and
design features
such as
cylindrical
piers,
triangulation,
etc.
- shows
understanding
of how the
forces of
tension and
compression act
on the basic
structural and
design features
such as
cylindrical
piers,
triangulation,
etc.
- shows
thorough
understanding
of how the
forces of
tension and
compression act
on the basic
structural and
design features
such as
cylindrical
piers,
triangulation,
etc.
Communication
Use appropriate
vocabulary,
including correct
science and
technology
terminology to
reflect on the
structural and
design features of
the rides.
- communicates
information and
ideas with
limited clarity
and precision.
- communicates
information and
ideas with
moderate
clarity and
precision.
- communicates
information and
ideas with
clarity and
precision.
- communicates
information and
ideas with a
high degree of
clarity and
precision.
Relating Science and technology to Each Other and the World Outside the School
Evaluate the
design of systems
that include
structures and
mechanisms
- shows limited
understanding
of how science
and technology
are utilized in
the design and
manufacture of
amusement
park rides.
- shows some
understanding
of how science
and technology
are utilized in
the design and
manufacture of
amusement
park rides.
- shows
understanding
of how science
and technology
are utilized in
the design and
manufacture of
amusement
park rides.
- shows
thorough
understanding
of how science
and technology
are utilized in
the design and
manufacture of
amusement
park rides.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 6
BASIC MEASUREMENTS
To get ready for the trip to Canada's Wonderland for the Physics, Science and Math
program, you should find answers to all of the questions below. On the day of the trip,
take this sheet with you so you can use the numbers.
TIME
Number of seconds per minute ____________________________
Number of minutes per hour ____________________________
Number of seconds per hour ____________________________
YOUR BODY MEASUREMENTS
Height ________cm ________m
Arm Span ________cm ________m
Length of Shoe ________cm ________m
Hand Span ________cm ________m
PULSE AND BREATHING RATES
Pulse Rate
(beats per minute)
Breathing Rate
(breathes per minute)
Sitting
Standing (before exercise)
Standing (after exercise)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 7
MATH PRACTICE
1. Discuss in class how to find each of the following numbers:
a) pulse rate (per minute)
b) breathing rate (per minute)
c) the perimeter of a square, a rectangle, or other polygon
d) the diameter of a circle
e) the circumference of a circle
f) multiplying two numbers with units
e.g. 6 paces x 40 cm/pace = 240 cm
5 hand spans x 18 cm/hand span = 90 cm
3 cars x 4 passengers/car = 12 passengers
g) the average of two or more numbers
2. Solve the following problems. Where possible, show how you calculated the
answer.
a) Julie measures 36 heart beats in 30 seconds. What is her pulse rate per minute?
b) Soo-Jin breathes 26 times in two minutes. What is her breathing rate per
minute?
c) Terry measures 19 pulse beats in 15 seconds. What is his pulse beat per
minute?
d) Determine the perimeter of this page in centimetres.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 8
MATH PRACTICE
e) Measure your hand span in centimetres. Then use your hand span to estimate
the length of a desk.
f) Measure your average pace in centimetres. Use your pace to find the length and
width of your classroom.
g) How many desks are there in a room that has 5 rows of desks with 6 desks/
row?
h) Teepu's mass is 42 kg and Angela's mass is 54 kg. Find the average of their
masses.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 9
LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
TEACHER DEFINITIONS
Aesthetic Appeal An amusement ride has a certain aesthetic appeal. This
consideration deals with safety and comfort of the ride as well as
its appearance.
Compression When pressure is applied to an object it tends to cause a decrease
in the size of the object. A spring can be compressed from it's
original length to a shorter length.
Force Simply, a push or pull. Forces cause things to speed up or slow
down and can also cause matter to compress and stretch. If and
object is stationary, its forces are balanced. When its forces
become unbalanced, for example, if the object is pushed or pulled,
the object will move.
Frame A supporting structure that is used to build on. The tracks of the
roller coaster are built on a frame.
Friction Friction is a force of resistance that moving objects experience
when in contact with other objects. Frictional force converts a
moving object's kinetic energy (energy of motion into another form
of energy called heat energy.
Gravity The force of gravity acts between any two objects that have mass.
Every mass on earth (large or small) feels the force of gravity
pulling it towards the earth. This pull gives you your weight.
Load An object that has weight is a load. Effort is required to lift the
load against gravity.
Mass The amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in kilograms
and is different from weight. An object always has the same mass,
whereas its weight may change depending on its location.
Mechanical System A system that has machinery or mechanisms. For example, the
pedals of a bicycle and the connecting chain to the sprocket are a
mechanical system.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 10
LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
TEACHER DEFINITIONS (cont’d)
Structure Anything constructed of parts arranged together. Some roller
coasters have wooden structures and others have steel structures.
Tension The stretching of an object caused by a pulling force. An elevator
exerts tension on the cables supporting it.
Torque Any object turning as a result of a force is said to experience a
torque. A mechanism’s torque is measured by its potential to
deliver a turning force.
Weight The force of gravity on an object. The weight of an object can vary
since the force of gravity can vary depending on its location.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 11
LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
Applying science language to an amusement ride:
The force of GRAVITY between the roller coaster train in which you are riding and the
earth pulls you down the roller coaster hills.
The greater the WEIGHT of the roller coaster train, the more strength the structure must
have to support the tracks.
The addition of more passengers will increase a roller coaster’s MASS and weight.
The supporting structure of a roller coaster is a series of connected parts called the
FRAME.
The supporting structure of the wave pool in Splash Works is a one piece SHELL.
A PIER is the part of a structure whose function is to resist compressive forces. The
cylindrical PIERS on a metal roller coaster support the track by resisting compressive
forces caused by the weight of the roller coaster and its passengers.
On the wooden roller coasters the TRUSS is a structural element (whose function is to
resist tension and compression forces) made up of a series of triangular frames.
The downward force, which is applied to the structures support piers, is called
COMPRESSION.
The outward force, which occurs when the roller coaster train is travelling around a
curve, puts TENSION on the structure's support wires.
Many of the attractions that you see at Canada's Wonderland have been chosen because
they are attractive and have a certain AESTHETIC APPEAL to the Park’s customers.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 12
LEARNING SCIENCE LANGUAGE
Select the correct word and complete each sentence:
Compression Torque Weight Force Gravity Velocity Load Mass Tension Structure Friction Frame Aesthetic Appeal Mechanical Systems
1. The roller coaster train increases its _______________ as it rolls down a hill.
2. An amusement ride spins in a circular motion powered by _______________.
3. The force of _______________ pulls you down the roller coaster hills.
4. The force of _______________ slows you down throughout your roller coaster
trip.
5. The greater the _______________ of the roller coaster train, the more strength the
structure must have to support this _______________.
6. An empty roller coaster train and a loaded coaster train will travel down a hill at
the same speed. Therefore we can say that a roller coaster train's speed is not
affected by its _______________.
7. Steel roller coasters are equipped with support piers to help resist the
_______________.
8. Bicycle gears and motors are examples of _______________.
9. The most attractive rides in the Park have the most _______________.
10. The supporting _______________ of a roller coaster is a series of connected parts
called the frame.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 13
GRADE 5 SCIENCE
AMUSEMENT RIDE ACTIVITIES
RIPTIDE
DRAGON FIRE
THE BAT
VORTEX
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
FLIGHT DECK
THE FLY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 14
RIPTIDE Riptide is Wonderland’s super swing with attitude and altitude!
Riptide will take passengers through snap rollovers and 360o twists and
turns as they are propelled through moments of zero gravity and an
inescapable wall of water. Riptide is the ultimate experience for thrill
seekers who think they have done it all.
QUESTIONS
1. [S 2.1] Look for the safety guide.
(a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2. [S 2.1] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 15
RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS
3. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s
Wonderland engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
4. [S 2.4] Determine the following in seconds:
(a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
5. [S2.4] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one
complete ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; braking; loading; vertical spin (Note:
Several parts may be listed more than once.)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 16
RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS
6. [S 2.4] Describe how the ride gets to its highest point. Include diagrams.
7. [S 2.3] Identify examples of turning force (torque) that you see on this ride.
8. [S 3.1] Answer the following questions for the vertical spin.
(a) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
(b) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
9. [S 3.2] Draw a picture of a vertical spin and label the points in the spin that your
body feels lightest and heaviest.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 17
RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS
10. [S 3.1] If you are using an accelerometer, what happens to the mass when
you feel lightest and heaviest?
11. [S 3.2] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why
does this occur? Is the passenger compartment with its passengers heavier when
this occurs?
12. [S 3.1] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
13. [S 3.3] Compared to other amusement rides that you have experienced in the past
was this ride slower or faster? Explain your reasoning.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 18
RIPTIDE
QUESTIONS
14. State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside
width of the passenger compartment. (Show your work.)
15. Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY
EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
16. [ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of
the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 19
DRAGON FIRE On Dragon Fire, unrelenting speed and loops are just some
of this coaster’s tricks. This immense steel coaster hurls riders
through two 360o loops, a full corkscrew and a side-winding helix.
QUESTIONS
1. [S 2.1] Look for the safety guide.
(a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2. [S 2.1] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 20
DRAGON FIRE
QUESTIONS
3. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s
Wonderland engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
4. [S 2.4] Determine the following in seconds:
(a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
5. [S2.4] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one
complete ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; braking; loading; vertical spin (Note:
Several parts may be listed more than once.)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 21
DRAGON FIRE
QUESTIONS
6. [S2.4] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first ramp. Include diagrams.
7. [S 3.1] Answer the following questions for the vertical loop.
(a) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
(b) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
8. [S 3.2] Draw a picture of a vertical loop and label the points on the loop that your
body feels lightest and heaviest.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 22
DRAGON FIRE
QUESTIONS
9. [S 3.1] If you are using an accelerometer what happens to the spring when
you feel lightest and heaviest?
10. [S 3.2] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why
does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this occurs?
11. [S 3.2] When the car and its passengers feel heavier are the wheels of the roller
coaster car experiencing tension or compression?
12. [S 3.1] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
13. [S 3.1] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as
the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 23
DRAGON FIRE
QUESTIONS
14. [S 3.3] Compared to other amusement rides that you have experienced in the past,
was this ride smoother or bumpier? Explain your reasoning.
15. [S 3.1] Does a smoother ride mean a faster ride? Do smoother riding wheels
mean better performance? Why?
16. State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside
width of a car. (Show your work.)
17. Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
18. Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY
EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
19. [ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of
the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 24
THE BAT STATION On The Bat, riders are pulled backwards and launched through LIFT 1
an unyielding corkscrew and a breathtaking loop. After one trip
through The Bat’s intense, tight track, riders have little time to BOOMERANG
catch their breath when The Bat climbs its second launch to take
riders through one more time – backwards. LIFT 2
VERTICAL LOOP
QUESTIONS
1. [S 2.1] Look for the safety guide.
(a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2. [S 2.1] Describe the feature(s) that prevent injury to people walking on the
entrance path under the train from objects that may fall out of rider’s pockets.
3. [S 2.1] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 25
THE BAT
QUESTIONS
4. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s Wonderland
engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
5. [S 2.4] Determine the following in seconds:
(a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
6. [S2.4] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one
complete ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; boomerang; braking; loading;
vertical spin (Note: Several parts may be listed more than once.)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 26
THE BAT
QUESTIONS
7. [S2.4] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first ramp. Include diagrams.
8. [S 3.1] Answer the following questions for the vertical loop, which is beyond the
boomerang.
(a) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
(b) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
9. [S 3.2] Draw a picture of a vertical loop, which is beyond the boomerang and
label the points on the loop that your body feels lightest and heaviest.
10. [S 3.1] If you are using an accelerometer what happens to the mass when you feel
lightest and heaviest?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 27
THE BAT
QUESTIONS
12. [S 3.2] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the
most? Why does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this
occurs?
13. [S 3.2] When the car and its passengers feel heavier, are the wheels of the roller
coaster car experiencing tension or compression?
14. [S 3.1] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
15. [S 3.1] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as
the rider in the rear car? Explain why.
16. [S 3.3] Compared to other amusement rides that you have experienced in the past
was this ride smoother or bumpier? Explain your reasoning.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 28
THE BAT
QUESTIONS
17. [S 3.1] Does a smoother ride mean a faster ride? Do smoother riding wheels
mean better performance? Why?
18. State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside
width of a car. (Show your work.)
19. Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
20. Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY
EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
21. [ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of
the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 29
VORTEX On Vortex, riders will enjoy the thrills of Canada’s first suspended roller
coaster. This steel coaster plunges over Wonder Mountain, reaching speeds
of 90 km/h. Vortex’s invisible track drives riders through unrelenting turns,
swooping, diving, and plunging over a scenic waterscape.
QUESTIONS
1. [S 2.1] Look for the safety guide.
(a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2. [S 2.1] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
3. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s Wonderland
engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 30
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
4. [S 2.4] Determine the following in seconds:
(a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
5. [S22] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one
complete ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; braking; loading. (Note: Several
parts may be listed more than once.)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 31
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
6. [S 2.4] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first ramp. Include diagrams.
7. [S 3.1] Which hill on this ride is the highest? State why it must be the highest.
8. [S 3.1] At the bottom of the first drop, which way does the train turn? Which way
do the cars swing? Why do you think they swing this way?
9. [S 3.1] Is there any time on the ride when you feel as if you are leaving your seat?
Explain.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 32
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
10. [S 3.1] If you are using an accelerometer what happens to the spring when
you feel lightest and heaviest?
11. [S 3.2] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why
does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this occurs?
12. [S 3.2] When the car and its passengers feel heavier are the wheels of the roller
coaster car experiencing tension or compression?
13. [S 3.1] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
14. [S 3.1] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as
the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 33
VORTEX
QUESTIONS
15. [S 3.3] Compared to other amusement rides that you have experienced in
the past, was this ride smoother or bumpier? Explain your reasoning.
16. [S 3.1] Does a smoother ride mean a faster ride? Do smoother riding wheels
mean better performance? Why?
17. State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside
width of a car. (Show your work.)
18. Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
19. Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY
EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
20. [ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of
the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 34
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER The Mighty Canadian Minebuster is the largest and longest wooden coaster
in Canada. Its immense wooden track is full of side-winding turns, stomach
lifting camel humps, and breath-taking drops. The Minebuster reaches
astounding speeds of more than 90 km/h on its 4000 feet of serpentine
designed track.
QUESTIONS
1. [S 2.1] Look for the safety guide.
(a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2. [S 2.1] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
3. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s Wonderland
engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 35
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS
4. [S 2.4] Determine the following in seconds:
(a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
5. [S 2.4] Put the parts listed below in the order in which they occur during one
complete ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; braking; loading. (Note: Several
parts may be listed more than once.)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 36
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS
6. [S 2.4] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first ramp. Include diagrams.
7. [S 3.1] Which hill on this ride is the highest? State why it must be the highest.
8. [S 3.1] Is there any time on the ride when you feel as if you are leaving your seat?
Explain.
9. [S 3.1] If you are using an accelerometer what happens to the spring when you
feel lightest and heaviest?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 37
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS
10. [S 3.2] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most?
Why does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this occurs?
11. [S 3.2] When the car and its passengers feel heavier are the wheels of the roller
coaster car experiencing tension or compression?
12. [S 3.1] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
13. [S 3.1] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as
the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
14. [S 3.3] Compared to other amusement rides that you have experienced in
the past, was this ride smoother or bumpier? Explain your reasoning.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 38
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
QUESTIONS
15. [S 3.1] Does a smoother ride mean a faster ride? Do smoother riding wheels
mean better performance? Why?
16. State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside
width of a car. (Show your work.)
17. Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
18. Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY
EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
19. [ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of
the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 39
FLIGHT DECK Flight Deck is Canada’s only inverted looping jet coaster. This mega coaster
simulates flight with speeds of 90 km/h, exhilarating 90o vertical climbs, barrel
rolls, inverted wind loopovers, a 270o after burn and an complete snap roll over.
Riders take flight in a fully open cockpit suspended beneath the coaster’s steel
track as the sky races below.
QUESTIONS
1. [S 2.1] Look for the safety guide.
(a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2. [S 2.1] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
3. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s
Wonderland engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 40
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS
4. [S 2.1] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
5. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s
Wonderland engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
6. [S2.4] Determine the following in seconds:
(a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 41
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS
7. [S2.4] Put these parts in the order in which they occur: side winder; roll over;
brakes; highest hill; dewinder; loading; spin
8. [S 2.4] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first ramp. Include diagrams.
9. [S 3.1] Answer the following questions for the vertical loop.
(a) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
(b) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
10. [S2] Draw a picture of a vertical loop and label the points on the loop that your
body feels lightest and heaviest.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 42
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS
11. [S 3.1] If you are using an accelerometer what happens to the spring when
you feel lightest and heaviest?
12. [S 3.2] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why
does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this occurs?
13. [S 3.2] When the car and its passengers feel heavier are the wheels of the roller
coaster car experiencing tension or compression?
14. [S 3.1] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
15. [S 3.1] Do you think the riders in the front car experience the same sensations as
the riders in the rear car? Explain why.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 43
FLIGHT DECK
QUESTIONS
16. [S 3.3] Compared to other amusement rides that you have experienced in
the past, was this ride smoother or bumpier? Explain your reasoning.
17. [S 3.1] Does a smoother ride mean a faster ride? Do smoother riding wheels
mean better performance? Why?
18. State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside
width of a car. (Show your work.)
19. Estimate the length of one train. Show your calculations.
20. Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY
EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
21. [ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of
the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 44
THE FLY The Fly takes four thrill seekers at a time over an exhilarating 50-foot drop, through hairpin twists and
turns and wild, breathtaking bumps. This coaster’s unique design provides each rider with the feeling that
they are riding in the front car while allowing for some of the wildest side winding turns ever
experienced in a coaster.
QUESTIONS
1. [S 2.1] Look for the safety guide.
(a) What are the ride restrictions? Explain each one.
(b) What are the ride requirements? Explain what they mean.
2. [S 2.11] Write out all the instructions to riders you can see and hear at the loading
platform.
3. [S 3.4] List the materials used to build this ride. How do Canada’s
Wonderland engineers protect these materials from the outdoor environment?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 45
THE FLY
QUESTIONS
4. [S2.4] Determine the following in seconds (show your work):
(a) the average time for one ride
(b) the average time the ride stays at the loading platform
5. [S2.4] Put these parts listed in the order in which they occur during one complete
ride: unloading; lift; highest speed; braking; loading; zigzag (Note: several parts
may be listed more that once)
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 46
THE FLY
QUESTIONS
6. [S 2.4] Describe how the train gets to the top of the first ramp. Include diagrams.
7. [S 3.1] Answer the following questions for the initial drop.
(a) At what point(s) do you feel the lightest?
(b) At what point(s) do you feel the heaviest?
8. [S 3.2] Draw a picture of an initial drop and label the points that you feel lightest
and heaviest.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 47
THE FLY
QUESTIONS
9. [S 3.1] If you are using an accelerometer what happens to the spring when
you feel lightest and heaviest?
10. [S 3.2] At what location(s) do you feel pressed down on your seat the most? Why
does this occur? Is the car with its passengers heavier when this occurs?
11. [S 3.2] When the car and its passengers feel heavier are the wheels of the roller
coaster car experiencing tension or compression?
12. [S 3.1] Where do you feel you are being thrown forward? Why does this occur?
13. [S 3.3] Compared to other amusement rides that you have experienced in
the past, was this ride smoother or bumpier? Why?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 48
THE FLY
QUESTIONS
14. [S 3.1] Does a smoother ride mean a faster ride? Do smoother riding wheels
mean better performance? Why?
15. State your hand span in centimetres. Use your hand span to calculate the inside
width of a car. (Show your work.)
16. Estimate the length of one cart. Show your calculations.
17. Conduct your CONSUMER SURVEY or complete your RIDE SAFETY
EXERCISE if you haven’t already done so.
18. [ALL EXPECTATIONS MAY BE USED] In a journal entry, reflect on all of
the structural and design features that are used to create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 49
GRADE 5 SCIENCE
OTHER ACTIVITIES
PARK EXPLORATIONS
PARK EXPLORATIONS #2
CONSUMER SURVEY
RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 50
PARK EXPLORATIONS
1. Travel to each of the following rides at Canada’s Wonderland and indicate the
type of mechanical system that engineers have used in building them.
Types of mechanical systems: Gears, Motor, Levers, and Brakes
Amusement Ride Type of Mechanical System
The Bat e.g. Motor, Gears, Brakes
Riptide
Vortex
Dragon Fire
Mighty Canadian Minebuster
Flight Deck
2. While you are exploring the Park, search for examples of turning force (torque),
list where in the Park you observe these features and describe their function.
Where Observed Feature Observed Function
e.g. Dragon Fire sprocket Moves chain which brings train up 1st ramp
PARK EXPLORATIONS
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 51
3. As you make your way through Canada’s Wonderland, observe objects that have
been designed to withhold tension and compression. In the chart below, list 4
objects and identify whether they are experiencing tension or compression.
Object Observed Tension or Compression
e.g. roller coaster car on track - track under compression - wheels under compression
4. While walking past the attractions at Canada’s Wonderland, make a list of all the
safety features you observe. Across from each safety feature, identify its
function.
e.g. fences surrounding amusement rides – prevent injury
JOURNAL QUESTION
In a journal entry, reflect on all of the forces acting on a structure that must be taking into
account when creating an amusement ride. (e.g. frictional force of the wind)
PARK EXPLORATIONS #2
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 52
TENSION & COMPRESSION FORCES IN THE PARK
1. [S 3.2] Compression is experienced by a material when it is being squeezed.
Tension is experienced by a material when it is being stretched.
compression tension
Visit International Showplace. Identify whether the parts of the structure listed
below are under tension or compression:
a) Tent fabric
b) Cables attaching tent to rest of structure
c) Centre poles
d) Poles around the perimeter of the tent
2. [S 3.2] Visit The Fly. Look at the piers (columns) supporting the structure.
a) Are the piers under tension or compression?
b) Notice that the piers are wider near the bottom than they are at the top. Why do
you think they’re made that way?
3. [S 3.1] A cantilever beam is a horizontal part of a structure that is only supported
at one end. An example of a cantilever is a diving board. The top of a cantilever
beam is in tension. The bottom of a cantilever beam is under compression.
Look at the blue cantilever beams that are holding up the track on The Fly. (They
are attached to the piers.) Why do you think that the cantilevers are thickest near
the piers, and thinnest near track?
PARK EXPLORATIONS #2
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 53
4. [S 2.2] Look at Xtreme Skyflyer. Look at the structure that supports the riders.
Notice the arch shape, a strong shape for a structure.
a) Are the cables supporting the riders under tension or compression? What about
the cable in between the two lifting towers?
b) What simple machine is used to help lift the riders?
c) If the engineers at Canada’s Wonderland wanted to use a smaller motor to lift
the riders, i.e. they wanted a smaller lifting force, what could they do?
5. [S 3.2] As you walk around the Park, look for examples of cantilevers. List 3
below.
CONSUMER SURVEY
CANTILEVER – top is in tension, bottom under compression
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 54
Canada’s Wonderland conducts many consumer surveys, which are designed to gain an
understanding of consumer expectations about the aesthetic qualities of the attractions that they
display. The consumer survey is intended to gather information on public opinion of many topics
that are of interest to businesses and the public. In each of the activities you are asked to conduct
a survey which will identify consumer expectations regarding the aesthetic appeal of amusement
rides.
I YOUR CHALLENGE (Authentic Problem)
You have been hired by Canada’s Wonderland as a junior researcher who is gathering
information on the current rides in the Park in order to choose a new ride for next season. Your
job before you come to the Park is to design a survey, which will allow you to gather information
on student opinions on aesthetic qualities of amusement rides. You know that the main function
of an amusement ride is excitement and that safety is one indicator of the effectiveness of an
amusement ride. Your task, when you return to your school, is to write a report to your supervisor
at Canada’s Wonderland explaining your findings.
II DESIGNING YOUR SURVEY (Pre-visit)
Survey topic: Aesthetic Appeal of Amusement Rides
1) Generate 5 open ended questions for your survey
2) Prepare 5 sheets of paper, use one sheet for each question to collect an array of data
III CONDUCTING YOUR SURVEY
1) Choose a sample group of 15 people (e.g., girls age 11)
2) Approach your population one person at a time or small groups
3) Ask all 5 questions to each person and create an array of data for each on your pre-
prepared sheets
IV ANALYZING YOUR RESULTS
1) Summarize your data gathered in tally charts
2) Display your data using appropriate graphs
3) Analyze and interpret your data to determine, based on your findings, the kind of ride
you feel should be considered for next season
4) Write a report to your supervisor at Canada’s Wonderland explaining your findings.
V JOURNAL QUESTION
Interview a classmate about their consumer survey. In a journal entry identify bias in
your classmate’s questions, data collection methods, sample group or analysis of data. If
you are unable to find bias, explain in detail the things that your classmate did to avoid
bias.
RIDE SAFETY EXERCISE
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 55
Canada’s Wonderland provides for the safety of their guests in many ways. Security
personnel walk the grounds, making sure Park rules are followed by all guests and Park
staff. Park ride operators are well informed about the rides and are always watching to be
sure that the ride is operating properly and safely. Rules are posted at each ride and are
to be obeyed for a safe and enjoyable ride.
Select two different types of rides and answer the following questions on the table.
QUESTIONS FIRST RIDE SECOND RIDE
1. What is the name of the ride?
2. What type of ride is it? (Is it a wooden roller coaster, loop-the-loop roller coaster, circular ride, etc?)
3. Do you have to be a certain height to ride the ride? If so, how is this height measured?
4. What safety checks does the ride operator make prior to starting the ride?
5. How does the ride operator start and stop the ride?
6. Does the ride have a lap bar or safety belt that holds you firmly in the seat? If so, what form of safety belt is used and how does if work?
7. Are there specific rules or restrictions posted at the ride? If so, what are they?
8. What other safety features or operation checks do you see on the ride?
GENERAL QUESTIONS
9. Why is there a height rule for some rides and not others?
10. Which rides are more likely to have safety belts or lap bars?
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 56
GRADE 5 SCIENCE
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 57
SCIENCE LANGUAGE EXERCISE
Select the correct word and complete each sentence:
Compression Torque Weight Force Gravity Velocity Load Mass Tension Structure Friction Frame Aesthetic Appeal Mechanical Systems
1. The roller coaster train increases its VELOCITY as it rolls down a hill.
2. An amusement ride spins in a circular motion powered by TORQUE.
3. The force of GRAVITY pulls you down the roller coaster hills.
4. The force of FRICTION slows you down throughout your roller coaster trip.
5. The greater the MASS of the roller coaster train, the more strength the structure
must have to support this STRUCTURE.
6. An empty roller coaster train and a loaded coaster train will travel down a hill at
the same speed. Therefore we can say that a roller coaster train’s speed is not
affected by its MASS / WEIGHT.
7. Steel roller coasters are equipped with support piers to help resist the
COMPRESSION forces applied by the trains.
8. Bicycle gears and motors are examples of MECHANICAL SYSTEMS.
9. The most attractive rides in the Park have the most AESTHETIC APPEAL.
10. The supporting STRUCTURE of a roller coaster is a series of connected parts
called the frame.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 58
RIPTIDE
1. a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness,
back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking,
eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are
required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are
precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all.
b) Guests under 137 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently
maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the ride.
Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants must
meet to be permitted on the ride.
2. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest
during your ride. Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride.
3. The materials used are: metal, cable, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are chosen
to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat, cold and
wet.
4. a) Answers may vary.
b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 240 seconds.
5. The order is as follows: loading, lift, highest speed, vertical spin, breaking, unloading.
6. The ride gets to the highest point by using a motor in combination with a lever arm.
7. Examples of torque are seen in two places; on the lever arm which turns the whole ride
vertically and secondly torque is created by a motor that turns the passenger
compartment independently.
8. a) The rider feels lightest on the descent towards the bottom of any loop.
b) the rider feels heaviest on the ascent towards the top of any vertical loop.
9. The picture should demonstrate concepts articulated in the previous question.
10. When the rider feels lightest the spring gets shorter (compresses) and when the rider
feels heaviest the spring gets longer (stretches). This occurs towards the top and
bottom of the loops.
11. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin. This
occurs because the gravitational force (g's) are greatest at this point. The passenger
compartment and riders are heavier.
12. The rider feels like they are being thrown forward when a ride comes to a stop. This
occurs because the body wants to keep moving forward in a straight line (due to
inertia).
13. Answers may vary.
14. Answers may vary.
15. See consumer survey teacher master.
16. Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have used
cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded seating
compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to create an
exciting but safe ride.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 59
DRAGON FIRE
1. a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness,
back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking,
eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are
required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are
precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all.
b) Guests under 122 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently
maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the
ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants
must meet to be permitted on the ride.
2. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest
during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times.
Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride.
3. The materials used are: metal, cable, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are
chosen to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat,
cold and wet.
4. a) Answers may vary.
b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 40 seconds.
5. The order is as follows: loading, highest hill, vertical loop, vertical loop,
corkscrew, helix, lowest valley, braking.
6. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is
connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the
chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself
to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill.
7. a) The rider feels lightest on the descent towards the bottom of both ramps and at
the top of the vertical loop.
b) The rider feels heaviest on the ascent towards the top of any vertical loop.
8. The picture should show that the rider feels lightest at the top of the loop and
heaviest at the bottom of the loop. .
9. When the rider feels lightest the spring gets shorter (compresses) and when the
rider feels heaviest the spring gets longer (stretches). This occurs towards the top
and bottom of the loops.
10. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin.
This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at this point. The
passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 60
ANSWER KEY
DRAGON FIRE (cont’d)
11. When the passengers feel heavier the wheels are experiencing compression
because the car and passengers are all heavier and they press down on the wheels
with greater weight.
12. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during
braking. This occurs because the body wants to keep moving forward in a straight
line (due to inertia).
13. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of
the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the
front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts
its free fall.
14. The passengers experience smoother ride on Dragon Fire as compared to many
other rides. This is due to decreased friction caused by smoother riding wheels on
a seamless metal track.
15. A smoother ride does mean a faster ride, because less friction is experienced by
the wheels. Smoother riding wheels do mean better performance because the
mechanisms on the train are more efficient.
16. Answers may vary.
17. Answers may vary.
18. See consumer survey teacher master
19. Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have
used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded
seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to
create an exciting but safe ride.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 61
THE BAT
1. a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness,
back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking,
eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are
required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are
precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all.
b) Guests under 122 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently
maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the
ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants
must meet to be permitted on the ride.
2. There is a canopy under the track to prevent people who are waiting in line from
being hit by debris such as coins, sunglasses etc.
3. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest
during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times.
Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride.
4. The materials used are: metal, cable, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are
chosen to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat,
cold and wet.
5. a) Answers may vary.
b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 40 seconds.
6. The order is as follows: loading, lift, highest speed, boomerang, vertical loop, lift,
highest speed, vertical loop, boomerang, braking, unloading.
7. The train gets to the top of the first ramp using a pulley mechanism; the train is
pulled to the top of the first ramp.
8. a) The rider feels lightest on the descent towards the bottom of both ramps and at
the top of the vertical loop.
b) The rider feels heaviest on the ascent towards the top of any vertical loop.
9. The picture should show that the rider feels lightest at the top of the loop and
heaviest at the bottom of the loop.
10. When the rider feels lightest the spring gets shorter (compresses) and when the
rider feels heaviest the spring gets longer (stretches). This occurs towards the top
and bottom of the loops.
11. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin.
This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at this point. The
passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
12. When the passengers feel heavier the wheels are experiencing compression
because the car and passengers are all heavier and they press down on the wheels
with greater weight.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 62
THE BAT (cont’d)
13. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during
braking. This occurs because the body wants to keep moving forward in a straight
line (due to inertia).
14. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of
the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the
front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts
its free fall.
15. The passengers experience a smoother ride on The Bat as compared to many
other rides. This is due to decreased friction caused by smoother riding wheels on
a seamless metal track.
14. A smoother ride does mean a faster ride, because less friction is experienced by
the wheels. Smoother riding wheels do mean better performance because the
mechanisms on the train are more efficient.
15. Answers may vary.
16. Answers may vary.
17. See consumer survey teacher master
18. Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have
used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded
seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to
create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 63
ANSWER KEY
VORTEX
1. a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness,
back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking,
eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are
required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are
precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all.
b) Guests under 122 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently
maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the
ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants
must meet to be permitted on the ride.
2. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest
during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times.
Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride.
3. The materials used are: metal, cable, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are
chosen to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat,
cold and wet.
4. a) Answers may vary.
b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 40 seconds.
5. The order is as follows: loading, lift, highest speed, braking, unloading.
6. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is
connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the
chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself
to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill.
7. The first hill is the highest because the roller coaster will not have enough energy
to climb another hill of the same height since energy is lost due to friction.
8. At the bottom of the first drop the train turns towards the right while the cars seem
to swing towards the left. The cars swing this way because they have inertia; they
want to keep going in a straight line.
9. You feel that you are leaving your seat while going down any of the hills. This is
due to decreased gravitational force causing the body’s weightlessness.
10. When the rider feels lightest the spring gets shorter (compresses) and when the
rider feels heaviest the spring gets longer (stretches). This occurs towards the top
and bottom of the hills.
11. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin.
This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at this point. The
passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
12. When the passengers feel heavier the wheels are experiencing compression
because the car and passengers are all heavier and they press down on the wheels
with greater weight.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 64
VORTEX (cont’d)
13. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during
braking. This occurs because the body wants to keep moving forward in a straight
line (due to inertia).
14. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of
the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the
front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts
its free fall.
15. The passengers experience a smoother ride on Vortex as compared to many other
rides. This is due to decreased friction caused by smoother riding wheels on a
seamless metal track.
16. A smoother ride does mean a faster ride, because less friction is experienced by
the wheels. Smoother riding wheels do mean better performance because the
mechanisms on the train are more efficient.
17. Answers may vary.
18. Answers may vary.
19. See consumer survey teacher master
20. Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have
used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded
seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to
create an exciting but safe ride.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 65
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER
1. a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness,
back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking,
eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are
required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are
precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all.
b) Guests under 122 cm tall may not ride. Guests must be able to independently
maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the
ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants
must meet to be permitted on the ride.
2. For those boarding, be advised that standing on this ride will result in your
removal from the park. While riding, please remain seated, keep your hands,
arms, and legs inside the train, and hold on to the grab bar at all times. Thank you
and enjoy your ride.
3. The materials used are: wood, metal, cable and plastic. Materials are chosen to
withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat, cold and
wet.
4. a) Answers may vary.
b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 45 seconds.
5. The order is as follows: loading, lift, highest speed, braking, unloading.
6. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is
connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the
chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself
to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill.
7. The first hill is the highest because the roller coaster will not have enough energy
to climb another hill of the same height since energy is lost due to friction.
8. You feel that you are leaving your seat while going down any of the hills. This is
due to decreased gravitational force causing the body’s weightlessness.
9. When the rider feels lightest the spring gets shorter (compresses) and when the
rider feels heaviest the spring gets longer (stretches). This occurs towards the top
and bottom of the hills.
10. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin.
This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at this point. The
passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
11. When the passengers feel heavier the wheels are experiencing compression
because the car and passengers are all heavier and they press down on the wheels
with greater weight.
12. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during
braking. This occurs because the body wants to keep moving forward in a straight
line (due to inertia).
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 66
MIGHTY CANADIAN MINEBUSTER (cont’d)
13. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of
the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the
front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train ‘starts
its free fall. .
14. The passengers experience a bumpier ride on Mighty Canadian Minebuster as
compared to many other rides. This is due to increased friction caused by metal
wheels on a metal track with seams.
15. A bumpier ride does not mean a faster ride, because more friction is experienced
by the wheels. Smoother riding wheels do mean better performance because the
mechanisms on the train are/more efficient.
16. Answers may vary.
17. Answers may vary.
18. See consumer survey teacher master
19. Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have
used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded
seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to
create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 67
ANSWER KEY
FLIGHT DECK
1. a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness,
back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking,
eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are
required. . Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are
precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all.
b) Guests under 137 cm tall may not ride. Guests must not be over 198 cm to
ride. Guests must be able to independently maintain an upright seated position
and have head and neck control during the ride. Ride requirements provide a
minimum physical standard that all participants must meet to be permitted on the
ride.
2. For those boarding, please secure all loose articles. Once seated remember to keep
your head back against the head rest and hold on to the hand grips at all times.
Enjoy your ride.
3. The materials used are: metal, cable, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are
chosen to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat,
cold and wet.
4. a) Answers may vary.
b) The average time the ride stays at the loading platform is 34 seconds.
5. The order is as follows: loading, highest hill, rollover, sidewinder, dewinder,
brakes.
6. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is
connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the
chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself
to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill.
7. a) The rider feels lightest on the descent towards the bottom of both ramps and at
the top of the vertical loop.
b) The rider feels heaviest on the ascent towards the top of any vertical loop.
8. The picture should show that the rider feels lightest at the top of the loop and
heaviest at the bottom of the loop.
9. When the rider feels lightest the spring gets shorter (compresses) and when the
rider feels heaviest the spring gets longer (stretches). This occurs towards the top
and bottom of the loops.
10. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin.
This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at this point. The
passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 68
FLIGHT DECK (cont’d)
11. When the passengers feel heavier the wheels are experiencing compression
because the car and passengers are all heavier and they press down on the wheels
with greater weight.
12. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during
braking. This occurs because the body wants to keep moving forward in a straight
line (due to inertia).
13. Riders in the front of the train have different sensations than those in the rear of
the train. Riders in the rear car feel longer acceleration periods than those in the
front car since the front car is already part way down the hill when the train starts
its free fall.
14. The passengers experience a smoother ride on Flight Deck as compared to many
other rides. This is due to decreased friction caused by smoother riding wheels on
a seamless metal track.
15. A smoother ride does mean a faster ride, because less friction is experienced by
the wheels. Smoother riding wheels do mean better performance because the
mechanisms on the train are more efficient.
16. Answers may vary.
17. Answers may vary.
18. See consumer survey teacher master
19. Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have
used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded
seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to
create an exciting but safe ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 69
ANSWER KEY
THE FLY
1. a) Guests are not recommended to ride while: pregnant, recent surgery or illness,
back or bone injury, high blood pressure, heart condition. In addition, smoking,
eating and drinking are not permitted on the ride, and shirt, shoes and pants are
required. Explanations should include information on how ride restrictions are
precautionary measures meant to ensure a safe and fun ride for all.
b) Guests under 112 cm tall may not ride. Guests between 112 cm and 137 cm tall
must be accompanied by a chaperone. Guests must be able to independently
maintain an upright seated position and have head and neck control during the
ride. Ride requirements provide a minimum physical standard that all participants
must meet to be permitted on the ride.
2. For those boarding, please remain seated with your head back against the headrest
during your ride. Keep your hands, arms and legs inside the train at all times.
Please secure all loose articles and enjoy your ride.
3. The materials used are: metal, cable, plastic, rust resistant paint. Materials are
chosen to withstand environmental conditions throughout the year including heat,
cold and wet.
4. a) Answers may vary.
b) Cars load continuously, answers vary.
5. The order is as follows: loading, lift, highest hill, zigzag, braking, unloading.
6. The train gets pulled to the top of the first ramp using a chain. The chain is
connected to a series of sprockets similar to the ones on a bicycle which allow the
chain to travel from the bottom to the top of the first hill. The train attaches itself
to the chain and is pulled to the top of the first hill.
7. a) The rider feels lightest on the descent towards the bottom of the first ramp.
b) The rider feels heaviest as they ascend at the bottom pf the first ramp.
8. The picture should show that the rider feels lightest on the way down the ramp
and heaviest at the bottom of the ramp.
9. When the rider feels lightest’ the spring gets shorter (compresses) and when the
rider feels heaviest the spring gets longer (stretches). This occurs towards the top
and bottom of the loops.
10. The rider feels pressed into their seat on the bottom and top of a vertical spin.
This occurs because the gravitational force (g’s) are greatest at this point. The
passenger compartment and the riders are heavier.
11. When the passengers feel heavier the wheels are experiencing compression
because the car and passengers are all heavier and they press down on the wheels
with greater weight.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 70
ANSWER KEY
THE FLY (cont’d)
12. A passenger feels that they are thrown forward at the end of the ride during
braking. This occurs because the body wants to keep moving forward in a straight
line (due to inertia).
13. The passengers experience a smoother ride on The Fly as compared to many other
rides. This is due to decreased friction caused by smoother riding wheels on a
seamless metal track.
14. A smoother ride does mean a faster ride, because less friction is experienced by
the wheels. Smoother riding wheels do mean better performance because the
mechanisms on the train are more efficient.
15. Answers may vary.
16. Answers may vary.
17. See consumer survey teacher master
18. Journal entry should include: information on how roller coaster engineers have
used cylindrical piers, triangulation, track ties, top and bottom wheels, padded
seating compartments, seat restraints, fenced in spaces, safety instructions etc to
create an exciting but safe ride.
ANSWER KEY
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 71
1. Travel to each of the following rides at Canada’s Wonderland and indicate the
type of mechanical system that engineers have used in building them.
Types of mechanical systems: Gears, Motor, Levers and Brakes
Amusement Ride Type of Mechanical System
The Bat e.g. Motor, Gears, Brakes
Riptide Motor, Gears, Brakes
Vortex Motor, Gears, Brakes, Levers
Dragon Fire Motor, Gears, Brakes
Mighty Canadian Minebuster Motor, Gears, Brakes
Flight Deck Motor, Gears, Brakes
2. While you are exploring the park search for examples of turning force (torque),
list where in the Park you observe these features and describe their function.
Where Observed Feature Observed Function
Dragon Fire Sprocket Moves chain which brings train up 1st ramp
The Rage Rubber Wheels Make contact with the ride and causes motion
Night Mares Pivot Arm The motor provided torque to the pivot arm which spins the passenger compartment
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 72
ANSWER KEY
3. As you make your way through Canada’s Wonderland, observe objects that have
been designed to withhold tension and compression. In the chart below, list 4
objects and identify whether they are experiencing tension or compression.
Object Observed Tension or Compression
e.g. roller coaster car on track - Track under compression - Wheels under compression
(Wild Beast) steel cables connecting the coaster frame to the ground
- Steel cables are under tension
Drop Tower - Tower under compression when the passenger compartment is at the top
Xtreme Skyflyer - Cables under tension - Support structure under compression
Thunder Run coaster car at rest - Car wheels under compression -Coaster track under compression
4. While walking past the attractions at Canada’s Wonderland, make a list of all the
safety features you observe. Across from each safety feature, identify its function.
e.g. fences surrounding amusement rides - prevent injury
- Restraining devices in the passenger seating compartments – stops riders from falling out of car - Canopy over roller coaster waiting areas – stops falling objects - Padded head restraints – prevents head injury
JOURNAL QUESTION
In a journal entry, reflect on all of the forces acting on a structure that must be taken
into account when creating an amusement ride. (e.g. frictional force of the wind)
Roller coaster engineers must take many factors into consideration when
creating a ride that will withstand all the forces acting on it. These forces include
gravity, friction, compression and tension. As an example, the environmental
element of wind causes a frictional force acting on the roller coaster train which
will slow the train down. Wind will also cause tension and compression in the
structure of the ride. Engineers must design the ride to overcome these forces
and ensure the safe and smooth operation of the ride.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 73
ANSWER KEY
TENSION & COMPRESSION FORCES IN THE PARK
1. [S2] Compression is experienced by a material when it is being squeezed. Tension
is experienced by a material when it is being stretched.
compression tension
Visit International Showplace. Identify whether the parts of the structure listed
below are under tension or compression:
a) Tent fabric - tension b) Cables attaching tent to rest of structure - tension c) Centre poles - compression d) Poles around the perimeter of the tent - compression
Fabric and cable are never used under compression because they collapse. The centre poles are under compression because the weight of the tent is pressing down on them. The ground is resisting; pushing back up. These two forces result in the poles being squeezed, or compressed. The same applies for the poles around the outside.
2. [S2] Visit The Fly. Look at the piers (columns) supporting the structure.
a) Are the piers under tension or compression?
The piers are under compression since they are being pushed down by the weight of the track that they are supporting, as well as being pushed up by the ground that is resisting the downward force. In other words, they are being squeezed.
b) Notice that the piers are wider near the bottom than they are at the top. Why do
you think they’re made that way?
- The bottoms of the piers are under more compression because they have to support the weight of the part of the pier above in addition to the roller coaster track. - When parts of structures are subject to compression, they will buckle if they are too thin. Since the bottoms of the piers are under more compression than the top, they must be made thicker in order to prevent buckling. - Stability is increased by having the base wider than the top.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 74
ANSWER KEY
3. [S1] A cantilever beam is a horizontal part of a structure that is only supported at
one end. An example of a cantilever is a diving board. The top of a cantilever
beam is in tension. The bottom of a cantilever beam is under compression.
Look at the blue cantilever beams that are holding up the track on The Fly. (They
are attached to the piers.) Why do you think that the cantilevers are thickest near
the piers, and thinnest near track?
The forces on the cantilevers are largest near the piers. This is because that part of the beam has to support the weight of the roller coaster track, as well as the weight of the rest of the cantilever beam. The beams are thicker there to provide extra strength.
4. [S3] Look at Xtreme Skyflyer. Look at the structure that supports the riders.
Notice the arch shape, a strong shape for a structure.
a) Are the cables supporting the riders under tension or compression? What about
the cable in between the two lifting towers? The cables are under tension. Cables are never used to resist compressive forces, since they would just collapse.
b) What simple machine is used to help lift the riders? A pulley, located at the top of the tow lifting towers, helps lift the riders.
c) If the engineers at Canada’s Wonderland wanted to use a smaller motor to lift
the riders, i.e. they wanted a smaller lifting force, what could they do? A moveable pulley could be added to create a block and tackle arrangement. This would require only half of the force of the current design.
CANADA’S WONDERLAND – Science Grade 5 75
ANSWER KEY
5. [S2] As you walk around the Park, look for examples of cantilevers. List 3 below.
Cantilevers are horizontal parts of structures that are supported at one end and unsupported at the other end; like a diving board. Below is a list of some of the many cantilevers visible at the Park, but is by no means exclusive:
Horizontal parts of flagpoles and signs Horizontal parts of streetlamps Supports to the track on Vortex Overhanging parts of picnic tables and their seats Roof overhangs Flight Deck sign ‘Wave’ part of Shockwave sign Spokes on Psyclone
CANTILEVER – top is in tension, bottom under
compressio