Grade 4/8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 1 …€¦ · · 2018-01-13This answer is not...

Grade 4/8 Science Training Test Answer Key

Question 1 Reporting Category: Scientific Process Benchmark: SC.4.1.2 Differentiate between an observation and an inference The picture shows a manatee.

A. State one observation that can be made about the manatee from this picture. Be sure to identify it

as an observation.

B. State one inference that can be made about the manatee from this picture. Be sure to identify it as an inference.

Type your answer in the space provided. Answer Key: Correct Observations: • That the manatee has a flipper is an observation. • That the manatee has nostrils is an observation. • That the manatee has whiskers around its mouth is an observation. • That the manatee has a flat tail is an observation. • That the manatee has a big body is an observation. • That the manatee has small eyes is an observation. • That the manatee swims is an observation. Correct Inferences: • That the manatee lives under water is an inference. • That the manatee uses its flippers to swim is an inference. • That the manatee uses its whiskers to find food is an inference. • That the manatee eats plants from the ocean floor is an inference.

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2 points The answer states one observation that can be made from the picture and identifies it as an observation. The answer states one inference that can be made from the picture and identifies it as an inference. 1 point The answer states one observation that can be made from the picture and identifies it as an observation. OR The answer states one inference that can be made from the picture and identifies it as an inference. 0 points The answer does not state an observation or an inference that can be made from the picture. It is inappropriate, irrelevant, or blank.

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Sample Student Answer:

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Question 2 Reporting Category: The Solar System & the Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.9 Explain the predictable motions of the Earth and moon Earth, the sun, and the orbital path of the moon are shown. A. Using the “Connect Line” tool, draw two lines between blue dots that show where Earth’s shadow

can cause a total lunar eclipse (an eclipse of the moon).

B. Place the moon at a position in its orbit where a total lunar eclipse can be seen from Earth. • The lines should begin at the blue dots around the sun and end at the blue dots on the right side of

Earth. • Only one line should be drawn from a particular point. • Not all of the blue dots need to have lines between them.

Answer Key:

2 points

For this item, a full-credit response correctly:

• draws two lines that correctly demonstrate how Earth creates a shadow AND

• places the moon at the correct location in its orbit around the Earth.

1 point

For this item, a full-credit response correctly:

• draws two lines that correctly demonstrate how Earth creates a shadow OR

• places the moon at the correct location in its orbit around the Earth.

0 points

The response provides an incorrect response for both parts of the item. The response may have drawn more than two lines. The response may have started and ended both lines at incorrect positions. The response may have placed the moon in the incorrect position in its orbit around Earth. The response may have placed more than one moon around the Earth (the response earns credit if only two lines are drawn and one moon is placed in its correct location in its orbit around the Earth).

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Explanation of Correct Answer:

A total lunar eclipse (an eclipse of the moon) occurs during a full moon and when the moon passes through Earth’s shadow. The two lines indicate the boundaries of the shadow that is created by Earth. When the moon passes into Earth’s shadow, a total lunar eclipse occurs. Lunar eclipses do not occur every month because the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun and the plane of the moon’s orbit around Earth are slightly different.

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Question 3 Reporting Category: Scientific Process Benchmark: SC.4.2.1 Describe how the use of technology has influenced the economy, demography, and environment of Hawaii Answer Key: A; C; E

The hawksbill sea turtle builds nests on Hawaiian beaches. Female turtles lay their eggs in the nests. About two months later, the baby turtles hatch and crawl across the beaches to the ocean. Over the years, scientists have noticed a drop in the number of baby turtles making it to the ocean.

Select the three observations that could explain the drop in the turtle population.

A. Adult turtles get caught in nets.

This answer is correct. This can be observed and would reduce the number of turtles reaching the beaches to lay eggs.

B. Baby turtles crawl quickly from the nests.

This answer is not correct. This is an observation, but it does not help explain the reduced numbers.

C. Food left on the beach attracts predators of the turtles.

This answer is correct. This can be observed and would reduce the number of turtles reaching the ocean.

D. The turtles mistake bright lights for the moon.

This answer is not correct. This is an inference.

E. Turtles eat plastic floating in the ocean.

This answer is correct. This can be observed and results in the turtles becoming ill and dying. This results in fewer turtles reaching the beaches to lay eggs.

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Question 4 Reporting Category: Physical, Earth, and Space Science Benchmark: SC.4.8.1: Describe how fast processes (e.g., volcanoes, earthquakes) sometimes shape and reshape the surface of the Earth

A list of natural events that could shape and reshape Earth’s surface is shown.

Click on each process below that happens slowly.

Exemplar:

• Student selects: A glacier melts, depositing sediment, Waves carve an arch in a sea cliff, and Wind weathers a rock.

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Question 5 Reporting Category: Physical, Earth, and Space Science Benchmark: SC.4.8.1 Describe how fast processes (e.g., volcanoes, earthquakes) sometimes shape and reshape the surface of the Earth

Part of a passage about Earth is shown. The passage contains four highlighted words that may be incorrect. Click on each highlighted word to select the correct word.

Exemplar:

• Student must choose “axis,” “the sun,” “year,” and “seasons” in the four areas.

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Question 6 Reporting Category: Life Science Benchmark: SC.4.5.2 Describe the roles of various organisms in the same environment

A passage describes an ocean food chain.

The passage contains three highlighted words that may be incorrect. Click on each highlighted word to enter the correct word or words.

Exemplar:

• First response is “consumer” or “carnivore,” second response is “consumer” or “herbivore,” third response is “producer” or “plant.”

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Question 7

Reporting Category: Life Sciences Benchmark: SC.4.3.1 Explain how simple food chains and food webs can be traced back to plants

Students investigate how the direction of light affects plant growth. They grow three plants in individual cardboard boxes using light from lamps. The picture shows the growth of Plant 1 with light coming from directly above the plant.

The students want to set up Plant 2 and Plant 3 with a light source to complete the investigation.

A. Click on one blank circle for Plant 2 and one blank circle for Plant 3 to show the direction of the light source for each plant to complete the investigation.

B. Use the Add Arrow button to draw an arrow showing the predicted growth of Plant 2 and Plant 3 based on the light source on each plant.

• Draw only one arrow for Plant 2. • Draw only one arrow for Plant 3. • There may be more than one correct answer.

Answer Key For this item, a full-credit response includes

• a light source on the left of Plant 2 and an arrow drawn that is pointing from Plant 2 towards the left. AND

• a light source on the right of Plant 3 and an arrow drawn that is pointing from Plant 3 to the right. OR

• a light source on the right of Plant 2 and an arrow drawn that is pointing from Plant 2 towards

the right. AND

• a light source to the left of Plant 3 and an arrow drawn that is pointing from Plant 3 to the left (2 points).

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For this item, a partial-credit (1 point) response includes

• a light source on the right of Plant 2. AND

• a light source on the left of Plant 3. OR

• a light source above Plant 3 (1 point). OR

• a light source on the left of Plant 2. AND

• a light source on the right of Plant 3. OR

• a light source above Plant 3 (1 point).

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The student correctly sets up two additional experimental conditions that are different from Plant 1 and from each other. For this, he or she puts a light to either side of Plants 2 and 3. Then, the student indicates that Plants 2 and 3 will grow towards the light in both conditions.

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Question 8 Reporting Category: Life Science Benchmark: SC.4.5.1 Compare fossils and living things Answer Key: C Answer Key (Part II): B Part A.

A Jellyfish fossil is found in the desert.

What was the environment in this location when the jellyfish lived?

A. Desert

This answer is not correct. Jellyfish live in water. Deserts do not have enough water for jellyfish, so when the jellyfish were there, the environment must have been aquatic.

B. Forest

This answer is not correct. Jellyfish live in water. While forests can have ponds and streams, they do not have enough water for jellyfish.

C. Ocean

This answer is correct. Jellyfish live in water and are typically found in oceans.

D. Tundra

This answer is not correct. Jellyfish live in water. Tundra do not have enough liquid water for the jellyfish.

Part B

What evidence supports what this environment was in the past?

A. Jellyfish alive today are much smaller than the fossilized jellyfish.

This answer is not correct. The kind of environment needed for the organism to survive would be the same, regardless of size.

B. Jellyfish alive today are very similar to the fossilized jellyfish.

This answer is correct. Because they are similar organisms, the fossilized jellyfish would have needed an environment similar to that of today’s jellyfish.

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C. Jellyfish alive today can live in different environments than the fossilized jellyfish.

This answer is not correct. Because they are similar organisms, the fossilized jellyfish would have needed an environment similar to that of today’s jellyfish.

D. Jellyfish alive today have different diets than the fossilized jellyfish.

This answer is not correct. Because they were similar organisms, we can assume that the diets of the jellyfish are similar.

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Question 9 Reporting Category: Scientific Process Benchmark: SC.4.1.1 Describe a testable hypothesis and an experimental procedure

Students investigate the effects of gravity on different boxes dropped from the same height.

Click and drag four of the numbered terms into the table to classify each as a Variable or a Result.

Variable Result

1. Drop height of the boxes 2. Fall time of the boxes 3. Size of the boxes 4. Speed of the boxes 5. Weight of the boxes

Answer Key

For this item, a full-credit response includes

• “Size of the boxes” AND “Weight of the boxes” classified as Variables AND

• “Speed of the boxes” AND “Fall time of the boxes” classified as Results AND

• “Drop height of the boxes” not classified as result or variable (1 point).

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Different weights and sizes of boxes can be used during the experiment. The weight and size are variables in this experiment. The fall times and speeds of the boxes are measured in this experiment and will likely change when different variables are used. The fall time and speed are results in this experiment. The height the boxes are dropped from should be kept the same for the experiment to be valid. Height is neither a variable nor a result in this experiment. At this grade level, variables are introduced. Independent, dependent, and control variables are not introduced at this level.

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Question 10 Reporting Category: Scientific Process Benchmark: SC.8.2.2 Describe how scale and mathematical models can be used to support and explain scientific data

Students use a large yellow ball and a small green ball to model the sun and Earth. They use the balls to explain the cause of day and night, to model the length of a year, and to explain the cause of the seasons.

Select each box to identify which movements of the balls are needed to explain each phenomenon.

• You can select more than one box for each statement.

Answer Key:

Row Column 1 a 2 c 3 b, c

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Question 11 Reporting Category: Physical, Earth, and Space Science Benchmark: SC.4.8.1 Describe how slow processes sometimes shape and reshape the surface of the Earth

The table shows how weathering and erosion change a location on Earth’s surface.

Enter numbers 1–4 into the table to show the order in which the changes occurred. Use 1 for the change that occurred first and use 4 for the change that occurred last.

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Answer Key:

Top picture 3 Second picture 2 Third picture 4 Bottom picture 1

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Question 12–14 Simulation

Explanation of How to Use Simulation: The student can choose one of three amounts of water from the drop-down menu:

• Little • Medium • A Lot

The student can choose one of two amounts of light from the drop-down menu:

• Direct Sun • Shade

After choosing a medium and a distance, the student presses the green “Start” button. An animation shows the plants growing in the chosen conditions, and a before and after visual comparison is given. The output table populates with the information shown, depending on the indicator and sample chosen.

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Amount of Water

Amount of Light Agave Moss Rose Fern

Little Shade

Plant does not grow and lower

leaves turn yellow.

Plant turns brown and

does not grow.


does not grow.

Plant turns brown and does not

grow.

Medium Shade


leaves turn yellow.

Plant grows. Leaves are

green.


leaves turn yellow.


green.

A Lot Shade


leaves turn yellow.


green.


leaves turn yellow.


green.

Little Direct Sun


green.


does not grow.


does not grow.


grow.

Medium Direct Sun


leaves turn yellow.


does not grow.


green.


grow.

A Lot Direct Sun


leaves turn yellow.


does not grow.


leaves turn yellow.


grow.

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Question 12 Reporting Category: Life Science Benchmark: SC.4.5.3 Describe how different organisms need specific environmental conditions to survive Answer Key: A

Which of the plants would grow best in a desert environment?

A. Agave This answer is correct. Agave is the only plant in the simulation that grows well in direct sunlight and with little water.

B. Fern

This answer is incorrect. The simulation shows that the fern does best with ample water and shade.

C. Moss

This answer is incorrect. The simulation shows that the moss does best with ample water and shade.

D. Rose

This answer is incorrect. The simulation shows that the rose requires more water than is available in the desert.

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Question 13 Reporting Category: Life Science Benchmark: SC.4.5.3 Describe how different organisms need specific environmental conditions to survive Answer Key: B

Which two kinds of plants could grow in the same environment based on the data from the experiment?

A. Agave and fern

This answer is incorrect. Agave and fern differ in the amount of moisture and sun needed.

B. Fern and moss

This answer is correct. Fern and moss both require shade and ample water.

C. Moss and rose

This answer is incorrect. Moss and rose need different amounts of sunlight to survive.

D. Rose and agave

This answer is incorrect. Rose and agave need different amounts of water to survive.

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Question 14 Reporting Category: Scientific Process Benchmark: SC.4.1.2 Differentiate between an observation and an inference.

A student records some notes in a notebook during the experiment. Some of the notes are observations and some are inferences.

Select a box to identify whether each note is an observation or an inference.

Answer Key:

Row Column

1 b

2 b

3 a

4 a

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Question 15 Reporting Category: Physical, Earth, and Space Science Benchmark: SC.4.6.2 Explain what is needed for electricity to flow in a circuit to create light and sound

Students conducted a variety of experiments to understand how electricity flows to create light.

Design and run experiments to identify the effect of Mystery Component 4 on the other circuit components.

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In order to determine the effect Mystery Component 4 has, the student should test Mystery Component 4 with all possible combinations of additional objects in the circuit and observe the behavior of the objects in the circuit. The student should not test another component besides Mystery Component 4.

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Grade 4/8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 1 …€¦ · · 2018-01-13This answer is not...

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