Gracie Ancient India
Transcript of Gracie Ancient India
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ANCIENT INDIA
2500 B.C.
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Things You Need To Know About
Ancient India About the river system and the physical setting
About the Aryan invasions
About Hinduism and Brahmanism
About the caste system
About Buddha
About the Maurya empire
About Emperor Asoka
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Ancient India Geography
India is a subcontinent, separated by the rest of the continent by
the Himalayas. India can be divided in two, the northern
plains, a flat low plain and the Deccan, a land with many hills.
Up in northwest India is the Thar Desert. The Himalayas
provided natural protection from northern invasions. TheIndian Ocean and the Arabian Sea provided protection for the
west and the east.
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The River System
The main river in Ancient India was the Indus River.
The Indus River deposited fertile soil during annual
flooding. The source of the Indus River is in the
Himalayas.
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The Aryan Invasions
At about 1500 BC the Aryans began to migrate into India from
the dry plains near the black sea. Nobody really knew who
they were, their name meant noble, but scientists believe that
they were warriors and herders. They also do not know why
they left their homeland, but it may have been because ofoverpopulation. They moved into Mesopotamia, then across
Persia, and then decided to settle on the Punjab plain which is
now in Pakistan. At first they were herders but over time they
adapted into farmers and became more and more like theIndian people.
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The Maurya Empire
Chandugragupta Maurya ordered land to be cleared and swamps
drained to help out farmers, he improved the roads, and he did this
by using taxes. This helped out the richer people but the common
people suffered, because they could not pay them. He was very
mean, but this helped him expand his empire, this made theoverworked and overtaxed people thought of him as a cruel man.
Knowing that people hated him, he feared he was in danger, and he
was very cautious, he slept in different rooms each night, and he had
his servants taste his food first for poison. He had a grandchild who
became one of the greatest rulers of India, his name was Asoka.
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Emperor Asoka
As a young ruler he was very cruel, but after he conquered
Kalinga in 261 BC his life changed, he began to hate violence
and he became a Buddhist. He then made Buddhism the state
religion and built Buddhist temples and sent out missionaries.
Asoka had commands carved into stone pillars and they wereposted all across his empire. Some pillars still stand today.
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The Caste System
The Aryan society was divided into four classes, or
varnas. The highest are Brahmans, priests, second is
Kshatriyas, warriors, third is Vaishyas, farmers,
merchants, and craftsmen, fourth, the lowest isShudras, they are servants or slaves.
1st
BRAHMAN
2nd KSHATRIYAS
3rd VAISHYAS
4th SHUDRAS
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The Caste System cont.
The cast system determined many things about how people live,it determines their job, what they eat, what they wear, wherethey live, and who they marry. People are born into their caste,and have it for life. The Indian legend is that the castesemerged from body parts of Purusha the first human being.
BRAHMANS: Head, they perform religious ceremonies, and offer sacrifices to
the god. Passed down info through WORD.
KSHATRYAS: Arms, took charge of the army and government. Use arms to
FIGHT.
VAISHYAS: Legs, merchants, farmers, and craftsmen. They traded, tended
cattle, lent money, like a bank, and farmed. Much TRAVEL.
SHUDRAS: Feet, very poor and uneducated. On their FEET begging.
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Hinduism
Hinduism evolved from the Aryans beliefs and from those of
the people of India. The most important deities, or gods, in
Hinduism were Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. The most
important thing in Hinduism is how you act to other living
things and what you do. They believe that each living thinghas a soul that is reincarnated into another thing. Dharma,
religious duty, and Karma, actions, decide the new caste they
are reincarnated into, if you do well at both
you move up and not so good you movedown.
BRAHMA SHIVA
VISHNU
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Buddhism
Buddhism was introduced Siddhartha Gautama, a princewho believed in Hinduism except if you are good and
pure you no longer have to go through the cycle of
reincarnation. These ideas eventually formed into
Buddhism. One day Siddhartha went in the shade of a treeand meditated on the idea of suffering and once he found
what he wanted, became Buddha.
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Buddhism cont.
Buddha spread his teachings to northern India with followers
becoming monks. Each monk meditated for multiple hours
every day. The first written versions of Buddhas teachings
were made around 200 and 100 BC. Buddhas teachings were
centered around the Four Noble Truths. #1 said that sufferingis part of life. #2 says that wanting things is the root of
suffering. #3 says becoming wise and not wanting things takes
away suffering. #4 is a guide to living with the eightfold path.
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Fun Facts!
The city Harappa was rebuilt 6 times due to flooding
The game chess began in India
Ancient Indians invented the number system and zero
They used anesthesia No slavery was known of
They were the first ones to calculate pi
It held the worlds first university
They came up with navigation
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