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Transcript of Gr
Grammar book IIDylan Morgan
ía iamos
Ías íais
ía ían
• Infinitive + ending• Used for what might happen, what
could happen• Can also express past tense and
future tense of what could have happened or what should happen.
Conditional irregularsCaber Cabr-
Decir Dir-
Haber Habr-
Saklir Saldr-
Hacer Har-
Poder Podr-
Tener Tendr-
Querer Querr-
Valer Valdr-
Saber Sabr-
Venir Vendr-
Perfect tensesConjugating Haber before a participle.Used to express has or have.
Present tense Haber
He Hamos
Has Habéis
Ha han
Past tense Haber
había Habiamos
habías habíais
había habían
Perfect participles irregularsabrir (to open) - abierto (open)cubrir (to cover) - cubierto (covered)decir (to say) - dicho (said)escribir (to write) - escrito (written)freír (to fry) - frito (fried)hacer (to do) - hecho (done)morir (to die) - muerto (dead)poner (to put) - puesto (put)resolver (to resolve) - resuelto (resolved)romper (to break) - roto (broken)ver (to see) - visto (seen)volver (to return) - vuelto (returned)
Subjunctive perfectHaber + past participleExpresses opinion, like normal subjunctive
tense.Applies to present, present perfect, or future
tenses.
Haya Hayamos
Hayas Hayáis
Haya Hayan
Tan vs. TantoEnglish meaning: as…as.Tan is used when you are comparing
adjectives, as in as tall as.Tanto is used when your comparison involves
a noun, ie as many dollars as.The only exception is, “as much as,” which
can be stated as tanto como.
Impersonal seSe is used when you’re not referring to a
specific subject.Takes the form of almost any tense, save yo
and ustedes tenses.Se goes before the verb who has the
impersonal subject.Verb with impersonal se will always be in
Usted tense.
Saber vs. ConocerBoth are the spanish verbs, “to know.”Facts are always stated in saber, but not
opinions due to the subjunctive tense.Conocer involves talking about a person,
place, or thing that you are familiar with and know something about.
Los MandatosCommands in Spanish used for other peoples
or objects being told to do something.Can be informal or formal, depending on the
setting and the object.Only available in the usted/usedes and tu
tenses
Informal commands vs. FormalTwo types of mandatos: formal and informal.Formal is when you want to show respect to
somebody or something, and is used more commonly than informal and represented by the usted/ustedes comands
Informal is when you know someone or something personally, and is a more friendly term towards them.
Affirmitive mandatosUsed for commanding someone to do
something.If the command is informal, you go to the
usted form and then take the opposite ending.If the command is formal, you go to the yo
form and then use the usted form instead of the o, keeping any irregularities.
If it was normally in the ustedes tense, you do the same for formal except using the opposite ustedes tense.
Negative mandatosWhen you want to command someone NOT to
do something.For formal commands you proceed as before,
but simply add a no in front of the command, not attached to the command in any way
The informal commands you do the same as before except you take the opposite ending of the usted tense, (ie ar become ir and er/ir become ar), and you add an s to the end, along with adding a no.
Irregular commandsFormal commands:dar
dé Ud.den Uds.
estaresté Ud.estén Uds.
irvaya Ud.vayan Uds.
sersea Ud.sean Uds.
sabersepa Ud.sepan Uds.
Irregular informal commandsInformal commands: the affirmitive has the
following:\
Negative uses TV DISHES for irregulars.
decir - di salir - sal
hacer - haz ser - sé
ir - ve tener - ten
poner - pon venir - ven
Pronouns and commandsAffirmitive pronouns attach to the end of
commands, usually possibly with accents in their proper places.
Negative commands have an unattached no before the verb itself.
Nosotros commandsUsed to express commands for yourself or a
group of people including yourself, ie let’s.Affirmitive commands just have the yo form
of the verb with the opposite verb ending in the nosotros tense.
Negative commands do the same as affirmitive except with the addition of a no in front of the verb.
Only exception in Ir: Vamos in affirmitive, no vayamos in negative
Mono verbsReflexive verbs add their pronoun to the
ending, but with the dropping of the s to become “_monos”.
Ir also behaves this way; there are no irregulars.
Subjunctive tenseRepresents moody, subjective things.Has a special tense in the present tense.Yo form of the verbwith irregular endings
listed below: –ar verbs are on the left, all others on the right.
E Emos
Es Éis
E en
A Amos
As Áis
A an
Subjunctive trigger words: dudar que -- to doubt that
es dudoso que -- it is doubtful that es improbable que -- it's unlikely that es incierto que -- it's uncertain that es posible que -- it's possible that no creer que -- not to believe that es increíble que -- it's incredible thatno es cierto que -- it's not certain thatno es verdad que -- it's not true thates incierto que -- it's untrue thates mentira que -- it's a lie thatno estar convencido de que -- to not be convinced that no estar seguro de que -- to not be sure that no parecer que -- to not seem thatno pensar que -- to not think that no suponer que -- to not suppose that puede ser que -- it may be thatnegar que -- to deny that no imaginarse que -- to not imagine thattemer que -- to suspect that
Impersonal expressions.conviene que .
it is advisable that . es aconsejable que .
it is advisable that . es bueno que .
it's good that . es difícil que .
it's unlikely that . es dudoso que .
it's doubtful that . es fácil que .
it's likely that . es fantástico que .
it's fantastic that . es importante que .
it's important that . es imposible que .
it's impossible that . es improbable que .
it's unlikely that . es incierto que .
it's uncertain that . es increíble que .
it's incredible that . es (una) lástima que .
it's a shame that . es malo que .
it's bad that . es mejor que .
it's better that . es menester que .
it's necessary that . es necesario que .
it's necessary that . es posible que .
it's possible that .
Expressions of emotiones evidente que .
it is certain that . es obvio que .
it is obvious that . es verdad que .
it's true that . no es dudoso que .
it is not doubtful that . no hay duda que .
there is no doubt that .
Conjunctions of Timeasí que as soon as
cuando when
despues de que after
en cuanto as soon as
hasta que until
luego que as soon as
tan pronto como as soon as
DemonstrativesWhen you refer to this, use este or esta,
depending on the last letter of the noun,When you want to use that, use estas or
estes, again depending on the last letters of the noun
When you are using that thing over there, you uses aquel or aquella, with an s if there are multiple things.