Gps Lesson 1

7/29/2019 Gps Lesson 1

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GPS BASICS


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What is GPS?

Developed by Oklahoma 4-H


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GPS

Global Positioning System

Network of 24 satellites (with spares)

Developed by Department of Defense

Operational 24 hours/day

Available worldwide

Land, sea and air

Works in all weather conditions

It is FREE!!


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Satellite Constellation


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Navigation Tools of the Past

Sextant Chronometer
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mat.uc.pt/~helios/Mestre/Novemb00/H61_f12.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.mat.uc.pt/~helios/Mestre/Novemb00/H61iflan.htm&h=252&w=250&sz=34&tbnid=wr8MpElbVT_RfM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsextant&start=3&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=3


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Beginnings

TRANSIT developed by Navy in1960s

Used to track nuclear submarines

Air Force created own system

Used to locate vehicles on land or in

air


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NAVSTAR

Combined Navy and Air Force systemsin 1973

NAV

igationS

atelliteTiming

AndRanging (NAVSTAR)

First used in combat during OperationDesert Storm 1991

Full Operational Capability April 27,1995


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GPS System

Space Segment SatelliteConstellation

Control Segment MonitoringStations and Ground Antennas

User Segment

Receivers


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GPS Satellite


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Satellite Information

Weighs approximately 2,000 lbs

Travels 7,000 mph

17 feet across with solar panels extended

Last 10 years

Orbit 12,500 miles above Earth

Circle the Earth twice daily


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In the next lesson we will learn:

How GPS works

Coordinates Latitude and Longitude

Creating and Finding Waypointsusing a GPS receiver


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How Does GPS Work?


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How it works

Satellite circles the Earth and transmitssignal

Signal contains time it was sent and itslocation

All satellites send their signal at the sametime

Difference in time to reach receivers isused to determine location


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Formula: Distance = Speed x Time

Signal travels at the speed of light

186,282.3976 miles per second

Speed and Time are known, use to

calculate Distance


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Trilateration

Process of measuring the distancefrom at least three satellites

Three satellites calculate 2D position(Latitude and Longitude)

Four or more satellites calculate 3Dposition (Latitude, Longitude, andAltitude)


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Trilateration


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One satellite can locate a

receivers positionsomewhere on a sphere

Two satellites can locate a

receivers position to acircle representing the

intersection of two spheres

Three satellites can locate a

receivers position to one

of two points represented

by the intersection of three

spheres.


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Latitude

Latitude lines run horizontal

Equator is 0

North and South Poles are 90


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Lines of Latitude


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Longitude

Also known as meridians, run vertical

The Prime Meridian in Greenwich,England is 0

Lines range from 0 to 180

International Date Line

is 180


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Now for thefun part!


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Zoom In button

Zoom Out button

Find button

Page Button

Power Button

Click Stick


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Satellite Page Map Page Navigation Page


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Trip Page Main Menu


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The next lesson we willtalk about limitations

and accuracy with a GPSreceiver.


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Limitations and

Accuracy withGPS


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Accuracy Problems

Atmosphere Delay

Signal Multipath

Receiver Clock Errors

Number of Satellites Visible

Satellite Geometry and shading

Selective Availability Turned off


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WAAS

Developed by the FAA

Wide Area Augmentation System

Increases the accuracy of GPSreceivers

Full Operational Capacity on July 10,2003


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Wide Area Augmentation System

WAAS Reference

Station

WAAS Master

Station

Receiver

Corrected

Signal


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Differential Correction

Developed by the Coast Guard

Also known as DGPS

Ten meter or less accuracy

Full Operational Capacity March 15,1999


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Differential GPS

CorrectionSignal

StationaryReceiver


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Now what do we do withthis information?

The next section discusses

the uses of GPS


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Uses of GPS


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Uses of GPS

Locating

Tracking

Navigating

MappingTiming


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Using GPS

What are uses you can think of?

Boating Fishing

Hunting Camping

Hiking Biking

Rafting


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Using GPS continued

Scouting from land or air, Horsebackriding, Hot air ballooning, Aviation,Snowmobiling, Skiing, Search and

Rescue, Four wheeling, EmergencyVehicle Tracking, Highway Driving

Geocaching, Surveying, Military,Precision Agriculture


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Using GPS continued

Survey disaster areas, Mapmovement of environmentaldisasters (Oil spills, wild fires, floods,

etc)

Mapping fallout shelters, sidewalks,streets, trees, trails, etc.

Measuring the growth or decline ofmountains


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How does GPS improve theseactivities?

Makes the location more precise

User Friendly

Mapping is easier

Universal system

Fun!


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What can you do

with GPS?


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GPS/GIS and 4-H

Potential Projects

Youth Favorite Places

www.youthfavoriteplaces.org

Geocachingwww.geocaching.com

National GPS / GIS Integration Team

http://www.4-h.org/ The National Map Corps

http://nationalmap.gov/TheNationalMapCorps/
http://www.youthfavoriteplaces.org/http://www.geocaching.com/http://www.4-h.org/http://nationalmap.gov/TheNationalMapCorps/http://nationalmap.gov/TheNationalMapCorps/http://www.4-h.org/http://www.4-h.org/http://www.4-h.org/http://www.geocaching.com/http://www.youthfavoriteplaces.org/


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GPS/GIS and 4-H

Community Atlas

ESRI Grants

http://www.esri.com/industries/k-

12/atlas/index.htmlhttp://gis.esri.com/industries/k-

12/commatlas/browse.cfm

Environmental Impact Team

Waterwell Mapping

The Globe Project

www.globe.gov
http://www.esri.com/industries/k-12/atlas/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/industries/k-12/atlas/index.htmlhttp://gis.esri.com/industries/k-12/commatlas/browse.cfmhttp://gis.esri.com/industries/k-12/commatlas/browse.cfmhttp://www.globe.gov/http://www.globe.gov/http://gis.esri.com/industries/k-12/commatlas/browse.cfmhttp://gis.esri.com/industries/k-12/commatlas/browse.cfmhttp://gis.esri.com/industries/k-12/commatlas/browse.cfmhttp://www.esri.com/industries/k-12/atlas/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/industries/k-12/atlas/index.htmlhttp://www.esri.com/industries/k-12/atlas/index.html


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GPS/GIS and 4-H

Oklahoma Project Ideas

Danger Signs

Historic Downtown Areas

Illegal Dump locations

Health and Wellness benefits

Storm Shelters

Nature Trails and/or Vegetation


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Gps Lesson 1

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