Vidzeme University of Applied SciencesBusiness Environment AdministrationBVV

Study course: Modern logistic systems

Laboratory assignment:

Global positioning systems

Students:1. Oleg Andreev2. Anna Skrastina3. Naila Aghayeva4. Beqa Bacikadze

Assignment executed on:2015.gada 18. september

Assignments theoretical base:

1. Geographical coordinates, longitude and latitude.

2. The key principles of Global Positioning Systems operation and the usage of GPS.The GPS concept is based on time. The satellites carry very stable atomic clocks that are synchronized to each other and to ground clocks. Any drift from true time maintained on the ground is corrected daily. Likewise, the satellite locations are monitored precisely. GPS receivers have clocks as wellhowever, they are not synchronized with true time, and are less stable. GPS satellites continuously transmit their current time and position. A GPS receiver monitors multiple satellites and solves equations to determine the exact position of the receiver and its deviation from true time. At a minimum, four satellites must be in view of the receiver for it to compute four unknown quantities (three position coordinates and clock deviation from satellite time).

3. A short description on the capabilities and main features of a GPS navigation device and how to save location data in its memory.

A GPS navigation device is a device that accurately calculates geographical location by receiving information from GPS satellites. Initially it was used by the United States military, but now most receivers are in automobiles and smartphones.The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of a minimum of 24, but currently 30, satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense.[1] Military action was the original intent for GPS, but in the 1980s, the U.S. government decided to allow the GPS program to be used by civilians. The satellite data is free and works anywhere in the world.

GPS devices may have capabilities such as:

maps, including streets maps, displayed in human readable format via text or in a graphical format,turn-by-turn navigation directions to a human in charge of a vehicle or vessel via text or speech,directions fed directly to an autonomous vehicle such as a robotic probe,traffic congestion maps (depicting either historical or real time data) and suggested alternative directions,information on nearby amenities such as restaurants, fueling stations, and tourist attractions.GPS devices may be able to indicate:

the roads or paths available,traffic congestion and alternative routes,roads or paths that might be taken to get to the destination,if some roads are busy (now or historically) the best route to take,The location of food, banks, hotels, fuel, airports or other places of interests,the shortest route between the two locations,the different options to drive on highway or back roads.

You save the location data on a GPS memory using the main menu and select the right settings. It differs from what device you use but generally a GPS has this option in settings or main menu. I you use google maps or any other maps linked to GPS, then you just go to settings from your device and click or tap save location, next time you want to access this route, it will ne saved in the apps memory just like cookies in a browser.

4. Description and usage of geographic information systemsA geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data. The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographical information science or geospatial information studies to refer to the academic discipline or career of working with geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of Geoinformatics. What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries.

In a general sense, the term describes any information system that integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information. GIS applications are tools that allow users to create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial information, edit data in maps, and present the results of all these operations. Geographic information science is the science underlying geographic concepts, applications, and systems.GIS is a broad term that can refer to a number of different technologies, processes, and methods. It is attached to many operations and has many applications related to engineering, planning, management, transport/logistics, insurance, telecommunications, and business.[3] For that reason, GIS and location intelligence applications can be the foundation for many location-enabled services that rely on analysis and visualization.

GIS can relate unrelated information by using location as the key index variable. Locations or extents in the Earth spacetime may be recorded as dates/times of occurrence, and x, y, and z coordinates representing, longitude, latitude, and elevation, respectively. All Earth-based spatialtemporal location and extent references should, ideally, be relatable to one another and ultimately to a "real" physical location or extent. This key characteristic of GIS has begun to open new avenues of scientific inquiry.

Task of the assignment: Using the mathematical statistic methods to evaluate the statistical probability distribution of the collected results and its relevance; Answer on the question how long times we must measure to have credible results? Describe the process of the laboratory assignment in the assignment protocol; Give and explanation on the problem and error analysis in the conclusions of the assignment.

Assignments execution description and processing of the results:

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Conclusions:

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Control-question:__________________________________________________________

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Answer to the control-question:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Signatures of the students:____________________________

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