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Transcript of Government - Principles – Formation – Purposes - United States Government and Politics Spring...
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Government- Principles – Formation –
Purposes -
United States Government and PoliticsSpring 2015Miss Beck
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Don’t be an idiot: Be a citizen.
O Ancient GreeceO Idiot: From the Greek work idios which
means private, separate, or self-centered; only interested in themselves and personal gain; a threat to democracy; if people act idiotically, then the community cannot survive
O Citizen: Politics comes from the Greek word polis (city); a polites was a citizen, a person committed to the public good
O ALWAYS BE A CITIZEN!
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Defining the StateNot one of the 50…
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Ancient GreeceO Aristotle
O “He who has the power to take part in the deliberative or judicial administration of any state is said by us to be a citizen of that state.” -Politics II
O State referred to a Greek city-state O Territory of a town and the surrounding
area
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StateO Definition: political community in a precise
territoryO Each state has sovereignty
O Sovereignty: the government has the right to make and enforce its own laws without approval from others
O The United States is a state with sovereignty O The colonies were NOT sovereign because
England had to approve all laws. O United Nations currently recognizes 193 states
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Why do we have the 50 states?
O 13 colonies declared independence in 1776
O Each colony felt it was sovereign O At the time of independence they
named themselves “states” after the ancient Greek term
O Despite uniting as one nation a short time after declaring independence, the term “state” remained
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State vs. NationO People often use the term “nation” for
“state”O Nation: sizable group of people who
believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religionO Often, states are created around these
groups; however, not all citizens of a state identify with the nationO Example: Not all citizens of France are of
part of the French nation
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Nation-stateO The territory of the nation of France
and the state of France are the in same areaO This is called a nation-state
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Essential Features of a State
All 139 states share these features
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PopulationO Nature of the population affects
stabilityO Do people share the same beliefs and
have the same values?O Distribution of population shifts
power O Urban vs. ruralO North vs. South/East vs. West
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TerritoryO Established boundariesO Often leads to conflicts between
statesO Changes due to war, negotiation, or
purchase
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SovereigntyO Supreme and absolute authority
within boundariesO Complete independence and powerO In theory each state should have
equal sovereigntyO In practice the countries with
economic and military strength have more power
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GovernmentO Definition: Institution through which
a state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions binding on all residents
O Each state has a government
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Origins of the StateNo one actually knows…we have four theories
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Evolutionary TheoryO Theory: the state evolved from the
familyO Head of the family served was the
source of authorityO Extended families needed more
organization eventually so states developed
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Force TheoryO Theory: in early civilizations, people
had to cooperate to survive – this included creating barriers to protect people and property from enemiesO States only exist because people
needed to resist enemiesO States developed when people in an
area came under the authority (leadership) of a person or small group
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Divine Right TheoryO Theory: certain people are chosen by
a god (or gods) to ruleO Ancient civilizations subscribing to
this theory: Egyptian, Chinese, and Aztec
O European monarchs of the 1600’s and 1700’s
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Social Contract TheoryO Theory: society exists in a “state of
nature” with no government; a “contract” is developed between rulers and the peopleO Thomas Hobbes: people surrender
freedom in exchange for order and protection
O John Locke: people have natural rights; contract between people and government to protect natural rights – people have a right to rebel when rights are not protected
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Purposes of Government
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Purposes of Government
O Maintaining social orderO Providing public servicesO Providing national securityO Making economic decisions