Contact Information: Government Contact Office:KDP Office in Aceh Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Regional Mgmt Unit, Wilayah 1 NAD Jl. Tgk. Syech Mudawali No.E-19 Jl T. Iskandar (Simpang Ilie) Banda Aceh 23242 Lr. Tgk. Bak Ara No.4 Tel: 0651-26326, 26325, 26324 Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh Fax: 0651- 26325 Tel/Fax: 0651-22700 E-mail: rmu_nad@yahoo.com, acehppk2@yahoo.com acehppk2@telkom.net

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KDP ACTIVITIES POST-TSUNAMI 2005

Road construction in Kecamatan Tiro, Kabupaten Pidie

Irrigation canal in Pante Rheng village, Kec. Samalanga, Kab. Biruen

Bridge construction in Sagoe village, Kec. Tringgading, Kab. Pidie

Kindergarten construction in Kab. Aceh Selatan Meeting to discuss scholarship for elementary students in Kab. Aceh Selatan

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KECAMATAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ACEH HIGHLIGHTS in 2005

1. Infrastructure and Social Assistance Delivered in 2005

215,412 meters of roads (252 village roads) constructed or rehabilitated 1,190 meters of bridges (94 bridges) constructed or rehabilitated 26 piped water systems 68 storage reservoir units 153 irrigation and drainage projects 49 public washing facilities 30 school buildings Educational scholarships and school equipment packages valued at IDR 763 million (USD 76,300)8 village health clinics Support to 53 groups (400 persons) for livelihood activities Emergency funds worth IDR 1,676 million (USD 167,600) or 24,125 household packages - distributed for relief supplies57,113 persons employed through KDP infrastructure works

2. Damage and Needs Assessment Survey

Post-Tsunami Damage Assessment was conducted by KDP from February to March 2005 in 87 project kecamatan. Government and developmentagencies used this damage assessment for rehabilitation programming.

3. Supporting the Peace Process

Socialization of Peace Messages and MOU - KDP supported the socialization of peace messages and the MOU between the Government and GAM. KDP employed its extensive facilitator network to distribute some110,000 peace posters and copies of the MOU to villages throughout theprovince.Survey of Post-Conflict Needs – KDP facilitators participated in a World Bank- sponsored study of community attitudes towards the peace processand levels of conflict.Assistance for Post-Conflict Reconstruction – Plans were finalized to channel funds through KDP for post-conflict reconstruction to former GAMcombatants and conflict- affected villages. Program to begin in early 2006.

4. Expansion of KDP Network to All Villages in Aceh

KDP expanded to all rural villages in Aceh. Its extensive network of 10,800 consultants and facilitators assists with post-Tsunami and post-conflict development activities.

5. Cooperation with Development Partners

KDP worked in partnership with some 17 development agencies in: (i) providing information regarding village conditions and community priorities; (ii) facilitating community mobilization for donor-supported activities; and (iii) undertaking new development initiatives.

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1. Overview

The Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) is a national Government of Indonesia program aimed at alleviating poverty and improving local governance. KDP began in 1998 and is implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Community Development Office (PMD). The program is funded through government budget allocations, donor grants, and loans from the World Bank. KDP provides block grants of approximately Rp 500 million to Rp 1.5 billion (approximately USD 50,000 to USD 150,000) to sub districts (kecamatan).Villagers engage in a participatory planning and decision-making process to allocate those resources for their self-defined development needs and priorities. KDP operates in 29 of the country’s 32 provinces. KDP began operations in Aceh in 1998 and remained active despite the civil strife in the province.

On June 27, 2005, the Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Aceh and Nias approved a US$ 64.7 million grant to expand KDP so that it could cover all sub-districts in Aceh. This amount was further increased with US$ 13.5 million in grants provided by the Governments of Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.

2. Loss of Life and Infrastructure Damage Due to the Tsunami

As with all sections of Aceh society, KDP Aceh was significantly impacted by the Tsunami of December 26, 2004, and the earthquake of March 28, 2005. For KDP, the cost in human life was heavy with 9 sub district facilitators and 21 village facilitators killed. Virtually all KDP Aceh staff lost significant numbers of family members.

2005 Operational KDP Sub Districts Damaged by the TsunamiPrior to the tsunami, and KDP’s expansion into 221 sub districts in 2005, the Program was operating in 111 sub districts. Thirty eight sub-districts (34%) of those sustained tsunami and/or earthquake damage ranging from severe to moderate, thus leaving 73 sub districts undamaged. It should be noted however, that not all villages in the sub districts affected were damaged.

Table 1 shows the total number of KDP sub districts that were damaged as a direct result of the tsunami and earthquake. At the time of the tsunami the 38 operational KDP sub districts that were hit were nearly all already in KDP 2. These sub districts have been operational from the date of the tsunami up to the present.

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However, 49 new sub-districts were also badly damaged by the tsunami. These new sub-districts are still in the socialization and training stage and have not yet started implementation. KDP inherited the very considerable infrastructure damage that these areas sustained.

Table 1: KDP Sub Districts Affected by the Tsunami Districts Affected (Kabupaten)

KDP2 Sub-Districts (Kecamatan)

New Locations in 2005 (Kecamatan)

Total KDP Subdistricts (Kecamatan)Affected

Aceh Selatan 2 4 6Aceh Barat Daya 1 2 3Aceh Timur 4 3 7Aceh Tamiang 0 3 3Aceh Besar 6 2 8Pidie 6 7 13Aceh Utara 6 1 7Lhokseumawe 0 1 1Bireuen 5 8 13Aceh Singkil 3 0 3Simeulue 5 3 8Aceh Tengah 0 0 0Bener Meriah 0 0 0Gayo Lues 0 0 0Aceh Tengah 0 0 0Aceh Jaya 0 5 5Aceh Barat 0 7 7Nagan Raya 0 1 1Total Sub Districts 38 49 87

Damage AssessmentKDP conducted a comprehensive damage assessment in 87 kecamatan from February to March 2005 to determine the level of damage sustained by all village infrastructure and housing. This assessment was not just limited to KDP constructed infrastructure.

The level of damage sustained was categorized into one of three general classifications. The results of the assessment are shown in the table below.

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Table 2: Level of Damage by KDP Sub districts (Kecamatan)Level of Damage Caused by Tsunami Total Sub districts Heavily Damaged/Rebuild 24Badly Damaged (but repairable) 38Moderate to Light Damage (not urgent) 25Total KDP Kecamatan Damaged 87Undamaged 133

The damage survey was completed in March 2005

The ‘before’ (upper) and ‘after’ (lower)photograph (right) of one KDP Phase 2 village completed in 2003, gives an indication of what is meant by the classification, ‘Rebuild’. It is effectively a euphemism for total destruction. For a sub district to receive this classification, the majority of villages within the sub district would have sustained close to the level of damage shown in these two photographs. Damage levels varied considerably within this classification. For instance, some villages were stripped of every building, while others had a few houses and buildings left standing; but even those were for the most part damaged beyond repair. In all cases, local infrastructure was basically destroyed.As shown in Table 2 above, 24 KDP sub districts suffered this level of damage.

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7

Table 3. overleaf contains a summary of total infrastructure damage suffered by the main types of infrastructure that KDP normally provides. This summary table only contains damage information for the 7 districts listed below. No damage reports were prepared for Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya or Nagan Raya because KDP was not active in those districts, and no facilitators were present at the time of the Tsunami.

1. Aceh Besar 2. Pidie3. Aceh Timur 4. Bireuen5. Aceh Utara6. Simeulue7. Aceh Singkil

Remains of building in Baitussalam that used to contain the KDP facilitator’s office.

Table 3

.

SUM

MARY T

ABLE

TSUNAM

I D

AM

AGE F

OR 7

DISTRICTS -

KDP I

NFRASTRUCTURE

FEBRUARY 2

005

Level Of D

amage R

ecorded

I

I

I

III

IV

Infrastr

uctu

re

Type

Units

N

ot

M

inor

Majo

r

T

ota

l D

amaged

Repairs

R

epairs Replacement

Needed

Needed

Kabupate

n R

oads

Mete

r13

0,5

78

48

05

36

82

35

119

48

Desa S

tone A

ccess R

oads

Mete

r5

175

85

27

86

57

47

815

40

5D

esa D

irt

Access R

oads

Mete

r3

40

86

187

75

167

77

310

0H

am

let

Sto

ne A

ccess R

oads

Mete

r2

70

172

82

53

196

98

28

50

Ham

let

Dir

t A

ccess R

oads

Mete

r10

98

816

39

111

65

56

85

Roads

Desa S

tone B

order R

oads

Mete

r4

46

67

53

39

04

75

97

0D

esa D

irt

Border

Roads

Mete

r2

014

814

50

20

00

100

Sto

ne R

oads t

o F

ield

sM

ete

r3

50

29

90

913

52

24

Dir

t R

oads t

o F

ield

sM

ete

r15

53

79

01

38

55

515

Roadsid

e D

rain

age

Unit

25

812

01

50

52

65

Reta

inin

g W

alls

Mete

r5

54

714

28

44

1815

08

4Bridges

Concrete

Unit

59

55

78

57

Ste

el F

ram

eU

nit

714

1111

Wooden F

ram

eU

nit

26

41

115

23

1S

uspensio

nU

nit

52

58

Wate

r S

upply

Open W

ell

Unit

40

142

76

32

718

63

49

Well w

ith H

andpum

pU

nit

169

56

Well w

ith E

lectr

ic P

um

pU

nit

31

137

69

2Public S

tandpip

eU

nit

33

61

Dis

trib

uti

on P

ipes

Mete

r6

72

72

44

515

22

124

18Catc

hm

ent

Head W

orks

Unit

53

60

Sand F

ilte

rs

Unit

03

01

Rain

Wate

r S

torage

Unit

78

04

28

67

15

14Public W

ashing

Bath

ing, W

ashin

g, T

oilet

Unit

63

59

51

112

Facilities

Bath

ing a

nd W

ashin

g o

nly

Unit

170

43

47

199

Village M

arkets

Unit

45

24

35

148

Irrigation

Dam

sU

nit

24

104

1510

Irrig

ati

on W

eir

sU

nit

170

05

01

313

5Canals

Mete

r3

36

35

23

35

23

68

1019

712

Housing

Houses

Unit

78

34

718

26

88

09

149

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3. KDP in Aceh: Coverage Before and After the Tsunami

KDP began operations in Aceh in 1998 and remained active despite the civil strife in the province. KDP is currently active in all 5,716 rural villages in the province. The program was expanded to include all 17 rural districts in 2005 to assist with post-Tsunami reconstruction efforts and post-conflict reintegration and reconciliation. (See district map Appendix 1.)

Table 5: KDP Geographical Coverage in Aceh, 2005 Administrative Levels KDP in Aceh

2004KDP in Aceh

2005Districts (Kabupaten)

10 17

Sub districts (Kecamatan)

111 221

Villages (Desa)

2,923 5,716

“In our village, KDP officials work very well with the community. We worked together to record all the people who were Tsunami victims. The FKs also gave us information about what kind of assistance was available fromwhich NGOs so that we could avoid overlapping.”- Villager in Kec. Peukan Bada, Kab. AcehBesar

Source: BPS, KDP Aceh. Notes: Data for KDP is for Cycles 5 & 6.

To accommodate KDP’s expansion into the entire province, the Project increased the number of district and sub district consultants, and elected village facilitators. By 2005, KDP had mobilized 10,804 consultants and elected village facilitators throughout the province.

Table 4: KDP Consultants & Facilitators in Aceh 2005 Consultants & Facilitators Totals 2004 Totals 2005

Provincial Consultants 6 7District Consultants (KM)(Technical, Social & Information/PR)

16 34

Sub district Consultants/ Facilitators (FK)(Technical, Social & Information/PR)

233 *473

SubTotal Consultants/Facilitators (above village level) 245 514Village Facilitators (FD)(elected by community - one male, one female)

5,846 *10,290

Total Consultants & Village Facilitators 6,101 10,804Notes: *Some districts share consultants and village facilitators after districts split.

9 Sub district Consultants and 21 Village Facilitators were killed in the tsunami.

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Information Facilitators

The additional personnel for the Aceh program also includes a new innovation for KDP in the form of 28 sub district Information Facilitators (FKI). This new type of facilitator will supplement the ‘Technical’ and ‘Empowerment’ facilitators who have so far been the backbone of KDP. The responsibilities of the information facilitators cover most aspects of data collection, information sharing and communication with stakeholders and external partners (NGOs, donors, etc) of the Program.

New Information Facilitators in training

Information facilitators will also be responsible for dissemination of information about the Program to local stakeholders. They will also document extensively program activities through photographs, video and articles written for the wider community. Part of this role will require establishing good contacts with journalists and the media.

Participation LevelsA key factor in the success of the KDP method is the level of participation of villagers at all stages of the process. High levels of participation during village and inter-village meetings ensure that transparency is maintained throughout the process. Facilitators carefully record the numbers of men and women who attend each of the nine main village and inter-village meetings.

Facilitators also rank the quality participation during each meeting into one of four levels: 1. ‘Very Active’; 2. ‘Active’; 3. ‘Average’; and 4. ‘Low’. Most meetings were ranked as very active or active. Facilitators also record the number of those in attendance who are classified by their own communities as ‘poor’. This additional statistic is collected to determine to what extent the poor are able to participate during meetings and influence the process of project formulation and final selection.

The highest attendance figures are always recorded for the first and second full village meetings, and the special women’s meetings. The reason for the high attendance is because crucial decisions about village priorities and project

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selection are taken at these meetings. Attendance at subsequent meetings drops on average to about 8% of the attendance of the larger meetings because the function of those meetings is mainly for reporting and accountability purposes.

Attendance figures recorded to date for 2005 show that a total of 203,299 people attended all meetings held so far, and that 56% were women and 76% were classified as ‘poorer’ members of the community.

4. KDP Assistance for Infrastructure, Social, Economic & Emergency Relief to Date for 2005

During 2005 KDP communities in Aceh chose to invest 86.2% of their block grants in small-scale rural infrastructure such as roads, bridges, clean water supply, irrigation and canals. About 1.6% of total funds were allocated to economic activities including revolving funds for women, and soft loans to groups for small businesses and agriculture. For education, KDP communities allocated 5.9% of their funds to school building construction and renovation, scholarships and the purchase of school materials. Health facilities such as pre/post natal clinics and general village clinics received about 1.0% of the funds allocated.

The table below shows the cumulative assistance provided to approximately 2,920 KDP Cycle 5 villages, between December 2004 and October 2005.

Table 6: KDP Assistance Provided to Aceh - December 2004 to Oct 2005 Type of Assistance/Activity Units Supplied/Constructed Project Value (Rp) Roads 252 roads/ 215,412 meters Rp 11,547,591,162 Bridges 94 bridges/ ± 1,190 meters Rp 2,765,651,649 Piped Water Systems 26 projects/ 31,230 meters Rp 1,657,577,570 Storage Reservoirs 68 units Rp 994,045,461 Irrigation & Drainage 153 projects/ 98,709

metersRp 9,418,287,078

Public Washing Facilities 49 units Rp 908,881,743 School Buildings 30 buildings Rp 1,094,254,639 Scholarships & Equipment Scholarships & equip

packetsRp 762,868,757

Village Health Clinics 8 units Rp 334,545,552 Revolving Funds/Credit 53 groups (408 people) Rp 495,101,000 Emergency Relief Funds 24,125 Assistance packets Rp 1,676,660,645 TOTAL ASSISTANCE Rp 31,655,465,256 Total People Employed 57,113 people

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Emergency Assistance ‘Social Fund’ For Tsunami Affected Villages

The tsunami hit 38 operational sub districts at various stages of project implementation. Many locations were unable to continue as their ground work had been destroyed, or their entire needs assessment was no longer relevant. Worse still, many faced immediate shortages of basic necessities such as food, blankets, tarpaulins, water containers, household utensils and cooking equipment that could not wait.

“We received money for daily necessities from the KDP emergency social fund. Part of it was used to buy mattresses, and part of it we used to buy household utensils.”

- The Village Head in Kec. PeukanBada, Kab. Aceh Besar

KDP’s response to this situation was rapid and addressed real needs first. As shown in Table 6, 5.3% of the total KDP funds for 2005 (Rp 1,676,660,645) were allocated to emergency relief by Tsunami affected communities.

In almost all cases, villages that were hit by the tsunami still had funds in their communal accounts that had not yet been disbursed. They were permitted toallocate 25% of these funds to any pressing social needs that they deemed to be urgent and necessary. The items to be purchased were detailed in‘procurement packets’ for recording purposes and then the funds were distributed to those in need. Nearly all the villages that were involved in this scheme were KDP 2 in either Cycle 4 or 5 at the time of the tsunami.

In addition to the first allocation of ‘social funds’, the affected villages were also permitted to allocate another 25% of the next cycle of KDP funding to their ‘social fund’ if they decided that there were still families and individuals inneed of assistance. New villages joining KDP for the first time are also entitledto allocate 25% of their block grants for social purposes as long as they are tsunami affected villages.

5. Contributions and Commitments From Other Donors KDP has leveraged funding and technical support from other donors and NGOs to accelerate the pace of reconstruction in KDP villages. To a significant degree these offers of assistance have been a way for many donor agencies and NGOs to try and speed up the disbursement of their own aid budgets to those in need, while at the same time avoiding the establishment of new programs and different processes.

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Every donor agency and NGO currently on the ground in Aceh has experienced long and frustrating delays due to a lack of local and central government coordination. KDP’s unique status in Aceh, as a well established community based rural development program operating since 1998, has placed it in a position to act as a conduit for channeling additional assistance from other donors.

Bill Clinton special UN envoy visiting a KDP village in Baitussalam in Aceh (Feb 12, 2005)

KDP’s comparative advantage on the ground in Aceh is quickly turning it into an aid magnet for those agencies which do not have KDP’s access to rural communities. Nor are other agencies able to quickly replicate its CDD methodology to ensure that large block grants can get to those in need through a well planned and transparent process managed by the communities themselves.

So far 17 different NGO and Donor agencies have already contributed, or committed resources to KDP activities, they include:

1. OXFAM2. Mercy Corps 3. PCI/Concern4. Handycap Int’ 5. ADB6. UN-Habitat 7. AUSAid8. UN Information Center 9. IOM10. CARE International 11. New Zealand Aid (NZAid) 12. UNDP

Andrew Steer, World Bank Country Director visiting a KDP village in Baitussalam in Aceh (Feb 12 2005)

13. ILO14. BRR and UNMIS 15. CIDA16. DfID17. MDTF

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“All assistance we receive from NGOs or KDP is covered by individual agreementletters. The FKs help us to draft the letters, so that all parties clearly understand the agreements.”

- The Village Head in Kec. Peukan Bada, Kab.Aceh Besar

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A more detailed description of the support the agencies listed above have offeredto KDP can be seen in Appendix 2.

Village halls built in cooperation with KDP with assistancefrom AUSAid

Other NGOs Using KDP Village Meetings

Apart from the NGOs and donors that are actively partnering with KDPfor specific projects, there are also a few NGOs that have effectively used the KDP village meetings to help thembetter focus their aid. ‘UpLink’ has joined with a local LSM called ‘UrbanPoor Consortium’ to do communityhousing projects in Aceh. They haveused KDP village meetings to determine actual needs in the villages where they operate. The village meetings provide an ideal forum to ensure participation and transparencyin the way they offer housingassistance.

Village housing built by UpLink and Urban Poor Consortium in kecamatan Peukan Bada.

Another NGO that has used the KDP planning cycle to initiate new activities isCARE International. KDP helped identify needy villages and CARE provided in-kindsupport to approximately 70 water and sanitation sites, mainly in Aceh Besar. Thiscollaboration was subsequently formalized in writing with an MOU. Up to 120 moresites may be covered. KDP has been tasked with identifying the relevant villagesites. CARE support has been in the form of materials for construction of MCKs (public latrines/bathing facilities) with a total value, to date, of about USD 120,000.

6. Female Headed Households’ Program in Aceh

An associated program with KDP, Program Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (Pekka),has worked with widows and female heads-of-households in Aceh since 2001. This program originally grew out of KDP work. Prior to the Tsunami, Pekka was working with 1,295 women in 53 poor villages in seven sub districts of five districts: Aceh Besar; Pidie; Biereun; Idie Rayuk; and Tangan-Tangan. The program has helped organize women into groups and provided micro-finance and livelihood skills training. In response to the Tsunami, the Pekka womens’ groups organized and managed emergency relief in the affected villages by delivering food, medicines, clothing and cash for survivors. Pekka received private donations of Rp 600 million from groups in Indonesia and overseas, and has used these funds to give emergency relief to members and other villagers to restart economic activities. Pekka has also helped rebuild houses for members who lost their houses during the Tsunami. They’ve finished building nine houses and 15 more houses are under construction.

In November 2005, Pekka received a grant from the Japanese Support Development Fund to expand its work in Aceh to support organizing and advocacy activities, housing and infrastructure development, education and livelihood activities.

This future program will reach 100 villages in the abovementioned five districts, and benefit approximately 5,000 poor families.

Pekka members help rebuild a house for one of their members in Kabupaten Biereun

7. KDP’s Post-Conflict Work in Aceh

Socialization of Peace Messages and MOU - After the September 2005 signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government and the GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka), KDP assisted the Government to publicize the peace agreement and peace messages.

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KDP employed its extensive facilitator network to distribute some 110,000 peace posters and copies of the Memorandum of Understanding to villages throughout the province. This was done on behalf of ‘The Government of Indonesia/GAM Socialization Team for Peace in Aceh', a joint GoI/GAM initiative responsible for publicizing and explaining the terms of the peace agreement to the people of Aceh. Aceh ladies reading the MOU

Survey of Post-Conflict Needs - KDP facilitators also participated in a World Bank–sponsored study of community attitudes to the peace process.The research team drew on the extensive local knowledge of KDP kecamatan facilitators and government project managers (PjOK) in a key informant survey for the “Conflict and Recovery in Aceh” report. Furthermore, in early 2006, KDP plans to field a village-level survey province-wide, in Tsunami and post-conflict areas, to better assess village infrastructure and social needs.

Aceh women displaying a Peace Poster

Assistance to ex-GAM Combatants - As the peace process moves forward, KDP is likely to become involved in a number of aspects of post-conflict reconstruction. KDP is currently finalizing plans with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to channel reintegration funds to former GAM combatants and post-conflict villages.

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8. Implementation Problems to Date in Aceh

8.1. Problems with Disbursement of DIPA (Project Block Grant Budgets)

DIPA (Government budget disbursement) Problems – The undisbursed DIPA for 2004 financial year and the new DIPA for the 2005 financial year were both held up by procedural changes to the national budgetary system. The Department of Finance implemented the new procedures in January 2005. These changes affected disbursement at all levels of government including local government. Disbursement delays held up the remaining portion of the KDP 2004 financial year budget and as a result funds were only received in Aceh in late May or early June of 2005.

The DIPA for the 2005 financial year was only available in Aceh in late July due to the same reason. The DIPA for 2005 was held up again due to revisions to include funds from MDTF, AUSAid, CIDA and DfiD. These funds are still not available in Aceh or Nias because of confusion concerning disbursement procedures at local BRI branches in Aceh, and at local offices of the State Treasury (KPPN).

This problem is being addressed by central government officials from the Department of Home Affairs and the Department of Finance who have already been dispatched to Aceh to explain the new procedures to all the parties involved in Aceh. It should be noted that this problem mainly concerns villages trying to access the second round of the 25% social fund allocation. Preparations for disbursing KDP block grants for infrastructure and other activities are still in the early preparation stages and therefore do not yet meet KDP criteria for disbursement.

The new budgetary procedures also slowed down payments to Consultants for salaries, procurement and field work further adding to the problems experienced by the villages. Aceh and Nias have received special treatment from the Department of Finance which has allowed the undisbursed portion of the 2005 DIPA for Aceh and Nias to be carried over to April 2006. If this is not carried over smoothly to 2006 by the central government, KDP Aceh will face serious implementation delays again in early 2006.

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8.2 Disbursement Problems with Special Emergency Relief Funds

As explained above, in addition to the first allocation of ‘social funds’, Tsunami affected villages were also permitted to allocate another 25% of the next cycle of KDP funding to their ‘social/emergency fund’ if they decided that there were still families and individuals in need of assistance. New villages joining KDP for the first time are also entitled to allocate 25% of their block grants for social purposes as long as they are tsunami affected villages.

A number of villages have already started to apply for their second trance of special social funds. Unfortunately many are having difficulties getting their money from local BRI branches and the State Treasury (KPPN) due to confusion about new disbursement procedures for the next allocation of funds. However, central government officials from the Department of Home Affairs and the Department of Finance have already been dispatched to Aceh to resolve these problems.

8.3. Capacity of KDP Villages to Absorb Additional Assistance

KDP in Aceh is being asked to channel much greater volumes of direct cash (and non-cash) assistance to its villages than ever before. KDP’s rural network and method of operation are seen as an effective and participatory way for NGOs and donors (including the World Bank) to rapidly disburse some of the very large aid pledges they made to support reconstruction in Aceh.

However, the pressure for KDP to disburse ever greater volumes of cash to its villages brings with it major issues that must be addressed immediately. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the CDD method is not compromised in the interests of more rapid disbursement.

The largest projects in KDP villages are usually infrastructure. However, these types of projects are also the most challenging in terms of planning and demands on villager’s time. Implementing multiple infrastructure projects within one KDP cycle will place significantly greater demands on the district and sub district consultants. The ability of KDP’s Aceh program to absorb and channel additional assistance will largely be determined by the availability of operational funds, additional skilled personnel and training for new staff and consultants.

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8.4. Recruitment of Facilitators, Consultants and Other Support Staff

Closely related to the issues raised above is the need for additional trained facilitators, consultants and other support staff to supplement the people already on the ground in Aceh. As shown in Table 1. the planned expansion of the Program in Aceh from: 10 districts to 17 districts; 111 sub districts to 221 sub districts; and from 2,923 villages to 5,716 villages will logically outstrip the current capacity of existing personnel resources in Aceh.

Recruitment to date has almost bridged the gap, especially with the addition of the new Information Facilitators. However, 3 technical facilitators and one technical kabupaten manager are still needed. An additional 12 computer operators with more advanced skills are also needed for newly opened district offices. The provincial level Regional Management Unit (RMU) also needs 1 engineer and 2 financial specialists. Recruitment of these personnel has already begun. In particular KDP is increasing its staff in Aceh to improve financial oversight.

Demand for Staff and Salary Competition in AcehKDP has already lost staff to other development programs in Aceh. There are at last count, over 250 donor agencies, international NGOs and local LSMs currently operating in Aceh. The international agencies which are generally planning a short-term to medium-term presence are prepared to pay significantly above pre-tsunami local wage rates to secure key personnel quickly. As might be expected, this has caused a heating up of the local labour market for skilled personnel. Salaries have almost doubled for certain clerical and administrative staff during the last 10 months. Wages for construction workers have also doubled during the same period.

This issue has the potential to become a significant threat to program continuity if not addressed by central management. Salary increases have already been requested for facilitators and consultants. Increased field and travel allowances for personnel in difficult locations, as well as additional computers and equipment, have also been requested. However, the final in-the-hand increases that staff will receive are still not clear.

Note: However, this is not solely an Aceh based problem. A significant number of Jakarta based KDP staff have also moved to other development projects during the last few months in pursuit of higher remuneration; and nation-wide technical facilitators are resigning.

The table overleaf shows the total KDP Aceh-Nias Block Grant Budget and the level of disbursement by kabupaten as of 30 November, 2005

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APPENDIX 1

21

APPENDIX 2

App

endi

x 2

Coo

pera

tion

betw

een

KD

P - N

AD

with

NG

O/D

onor

A

ceh

Reh

abili

tatio

n an

d R

econ

stru

ctio

n po

st T

suna

mi -

200

5

No

Org

aniz

atio

n N

GO

/Don

or

Proj

ect/P

rogr

am/A

ctiv

ity

Supp

ortin

g R

ole

of K

DP

to N

GO

/Don

or

(Typ

e of

Coo

pera

tion)

Lo

catio

n A

id(m

illio

nU

SD)

Not

e

1O

XFA

MHo

using

Rec

onstr

uctio

n FK

s and

FDs

to pr

ovide

data

and i

nform

ation

abou

t da

mage

d infr

astru

cture

. FKs

to br

ief O

XFAM

abou

t the

KDP

mech

anism

whic

h will

be us

ed as

inpu

t for t

heir

proje

ct ma

nual.

NAD

Seve

ral m

eetin

gs ha

ve ta

ken

place

betw

een O

xfam

and

KDP

staff a

t the R

MU of

fice.

2M

ercy

’s C

orp

Liveli

hood

Pro

gram

FK

s to b

rief M

S ab

out th

e KDP

mec

hanis

m. T

his

infor

matio

n will

be us

ed as

inpu

t for t

heir p

rojec

t pr

oced

ures

. Usin

g FK,

UPK

and T

PK to

help

with

distrib

ution

of ai

d pac

kage

s and

assis

t with

mon

itorin

g and

bo

ok ke

eping

syste

ms.

Kec B

aitus

salam

, Ac

eh B

esar

Se

vera

l mee

tings

have

take

n pla

ce be

twee

n MC

and K

DP

staff a

t the R

MU of

fice

3P

CI/C

once

rn

Hous

ing R

econ

struc

tion a

nd Li

velih

ood

Prog

ram

Brief

the N

GO on

the K

DP m

echa

nism

to fac

ilitate

co

oper

ation

. KMs

and F

Ks to

be co

ntact

perso

ns an

d will

prov

ide in

forma

tion a

bout

their r

espe

ctive

area

s.

Aceh

Jaya

& A

ceh

Bara

t

4 H

andy

cap

Int’l

Bu

ilding

/Hou

sing R

econ

struc

tion

FKs t

o brie

f the N

GO ab

out th

e KDP

mec

hanis

m. T

his

infor

matio

n will

be us

ed as

inpu

t for t

heir p

rojec

t man

ual.

NAD

5A

DB

Simi

lar pr

ogra

m as

like K

DP w

ith de

tail s

till

in pr

oces

s FK

s to b

rief th

e NGO

abou

t the K

DP m

echa

nism.

This

inf

orma

tion w

ill be

used

as in

put fo

r the

ir pro

ject m

anua

l. NA

DTw

o mee

tings

alre

ady h

eld

at RM

U off

ice

6U

N-H

abita

t(A

SS

P: A

ceh

Set

tlem

ents

Sup

port

Pro

gram

me)

Prov

ide di

rect

finan

cial s

uppo

rt to

cove

r a p

ortio

n of r

ehab

ilitati

on an

d re

cons

tructi

on w

ork f

or ho

using

and

comm

unity

infra

struc

ture.

Prov

ide te

chnic

al as

sistan

ce su

ppor

t at

the co

mmun

ity le

vel to

stre

ngthe

n ex

isting

gove

rnme

nt pr

ogra

ms to

ad

dres

s iss

ues o

f hou

sing,

land

mana

geme

nt, m

icro-

spati

al pla

nning

, an

d risk

mitig

ation

mea

sure

s.

Supp

ort a

proc

ess o

f com

munit

y acti

on pl

annin

g, do

vetai

ling t

he go

vern

ment’

s Kec

amata

n dev

elopm

ent

Prog

ramm

e (KD

P) an

d Urb

an P

over

ty Pr

ogra

mme (

UPP)

, to

ensu

re a

need

s-driv

en, p

artic

ipator

y app

roac

h to

reha

bilita

tion a

nd re

cons

tructi

ng ho

mes a

nd co

mmun

ity

infra

struc

ture d

amag

ed or

destr

oyed

by th

e tsu

nami

.

Kab.

Aceh

Bes

ar;

Pidie

; Bire

un;

Sime

ulue

$15

6,850

home

s in f

ive di

strict

s ha

ve be

en re

built

and

repa

ired.

Train

ing fo

r KDP

cons

ultan

ts in

affec

ted ar

eas i

n Ace

h on

land i

ssue

s is s

ched

uled o

n 21

-29 N

ov 05

22

7A

US

Aid

Reco

nstru

ction

/ Rein

statem

ent o

f Me

unas

ah (P

ublic

Hall

) and

Villa

ge O

ffice

Using

KDP

facil

itated

foru

ms to

ensu

re a

partic

ipator

y ap

proa

ch an

d com

munit

y wide

decis

ion m

aking

proc

ess.

Using

FKT

to su

pervi

se th

e con

struc

tion s

tage i

n the

field,

inc

luding

assis

t with

the c

ertifi

catio

n pro

cess

. Fu

nds t

o be d

istrib

uted t

hrou

gh U

PKs a

nd T

PKs w

ho w

ill ma

nage

cons

tructi

on in

the f

ield b

y usin

g the

KDP

me

chan

ism.

8 kec

at A

ceh B

esar

$2

,5Re

cent

in ide

ntify

a nee

ds

from

each

villa

ges a

nd

desig

n and

train

ing

prep

arati

on

8H

ICAs

sistin

g Cam

ats in

need

asse

ssme

nts an

d da

ta / in

forma

tion c

ollec

tion.

Coop

erati

on w

ith B

appe

da , K

DP an

d UPP

, and

using

the

KDP

facilit

ators

as co

ordin

ators.

St

arted

in 3

pilot

keca

matan

s, to

be ex

tende

d to

80 K

DP/ U

PP ke

cama

tans

9IO

M

(Firs

t C

oope

ratio

n)

Identi

fy an

d coll

ectio

n of d

amag

e data

and

cond

uct c

ommu

nity s

urve

ys.

FKs a

nd F

Ds to

cond

uct s

urve

ys an

d coll

ect d

ata by

using

qu

estio

nnair

es an

d tap

e rec

ordin

gs.

NAD

To be

carri

ed ou

t in M

arch

-Ap

ril 20

05

10IO

M

(Sec

ond

Coo

pera

tion)

To de

termi

ne th

e exa

ct nu

mber

s of

Inter

nally

Disp

laced

Peo

ple (I

DPs)

living

in

camp

s and

with

host

familie

s. D

eterm

ine

their p

lans a

nd de

sires

in te

rms o

f tra

nsitio

nal a

nd pe

rman

ent fu

ture

settle

ment

and e

mploy

ment.

A co

mbine

d qu

alitat

ive an

d qua

ntitat

ive su

rvey w

ill be

co

nduc

ted bo

th at

the co

mmun

ity an

d ind

ividu

al lev

els in

volvi

ng fo

cus g

roup

dis

cuss

ions a

nd in

dividu

al int

ervie

ws.

A wi

de-ra

nging

Nee

ds an

d Asp

iratio

ns A

sses

smen

t will

be

cond

ucted

in 11

disa

ster-a

ffecte

d are

as of

the p

rovin

ce.

Two-

perso

n tea

ms m

ade u

p of a

facil

itator

prov

ided b

y KD

P an

d a no

te-tak

er w

ill fan

out to

67 K

ecam

atan.

All o

f NAD

St

ill un

der n

egoti

ation

.

11C

AR

EIn

tern

atio

nal

Reco

nstru

ction

(pro

vide)

of w

ater a

nd

publi

c san

itatio

n fac

ilities

(MCK

) Us

e KDP

facil

itator

s and

the K

DP m

echa

nism

to ide

ntify

comm

unity

need

s. UP

K an

d TPK

to m

anag

e and

imple

ment

field

cons

tructi

on

by la

bour

-inten

sive m

ethod

s as p

er th

e KDP

syste

m.

Kec.

Peuk

an B

ada

(Ace

h Bes

ar)

200 M

CK un

its ar

e cur

rentl

y pla

nned

.

12N

ew Z

eala

nd

Aid

(NZA

id)

Prov

ide C

apac

ity B

uildin

g to F

Ds an

d Co

mmun

ity m

embe

rs to

build

earth

quak

e re

sistan

t stru

cture

s.

KMs a

nd F

Ks w

ill be

train

ed in

earth

quak

e res

istan

t bu

ilding

tech

nique

s by t

raine

rs pr

ovide

d by N

ZAid.

NA

D17

Tec

hnica

l Man

agem

ent

Cons

ultan

ts (K

MT) a

nd 17

Te

chnic

al Fa

cilita

tors (

FKT)

wi

ll be t

raine

d dur

ing

Dece

mber

2005

. 13

UN

DP

Tr

aining

abou

t Lan

d Reg

ulatio

ns an

d Titli

ng

Laws

.KM

s and

FKs

of w

ill be

train

ed ab

out L

and R

egula

tion a

nd

Titlin

g Law

s with

supp

ort fr

om U

NDP.

Af

fected

area

s in 1

2 dis

tricts.

Tr

aining

for 1

2 Em

powe

rmen

t Man

agem

ent

Cons

ultan

ts (K

MP) a

nd 85

Em

powe

rmen

t Fac

ilitato

rs (F

KP) w

ill be

carri

ed ou

t on

28 N

ov –

10 D

ec.

23

24

14IL

OSt

reng

thenin

g of s

mall e

nterp

rises

targ

eted

comm

unitie

s.Ke

y KDP

stak

ehold

ers w

ill be

invo

lved i

n a sy

stema

tic

small

enter

prise

s stre

ngthe

ning p

rogr

am.

Durin

g the

first

stage

, the R

MU st

aff w

ill be

invo

lved i

n PA

CA te

am (P

artic

ipator

y, Ap

prais

al of

Comp

etitiv

e Ad

vanta

ge) p

rogr

am.

To be

carri

ed ou

t in

all N

AD ar

eas,

but

the fir

st sta

ge w

ill be

in

Aceh

Bes

ar.

PACA

team

will

be m

obiliz

ed

from

5-20

Dec

embe

r 200

5.

15B

RR

and

UN

M

ISVi

llage

Data

Bas

e Man

agem

ent

FKs a

nd F

Ds w

ill co

llect

villag

e data

and e

stabli

sh a

Villa

ge D

ata B

ase (

basic

MIS

). KD

P giv

e per

iodic

repo

rts fr

om th

is da

ta to

BRR

to su

ppor

t the

ir villa

ge da

ta up

grad

ing pr

ogra

m.

This

activ

ity w

ill co

ver

all N

AD. T

he fir

st sta

ge w

ill be

carri

ed

out in

3 ke

c in A

ceh

Besa

r : Le

upun

g, Pe

ukan

Bad

a and

Ba

ituss

alam

All p

artie

s are

curre

ntly

involv

ed in

socia

lizati

on

activ

ities.

Add

ition

al N

otes

: B

esid

es th

e ite

ms

desc

ribe

abov

e th

ere

are

also

on-

goin

g ne

gotia

tions

and

dis

cuss

ions

with

oth

er d

onor

s, N

GO

s an

d LS

Ms

abou

t fur

ther

coo

pera

tion,

i.e.

: 1.

K

DP

faci

litat

ors,

in c

onju

nctio

n w

ith F

ood

and

Agr

icul

tura

l Org

aniz

atio

n (F

AO

) will

assi

st w

ith id

entif

icat

ion

of v

illage

s an

d pr

epar

atio

n of

pro

posa

ls fo

r co

mm

unity

bas

ed li

vest

ock

prog

ram

s (c

attle

). 2.

K

DP

will

assi

st th

e W

orld

Foo

d P

rogr

amm

e (W

FP) t

o di

strib

ute

rice

supp

lies

to K

DP

villa

ges

usin

g K

DP

com

mun

ity-b

ased

mec

hani

sms.

APPENDIX 3

26

Appendix 3

Monitoring and Oversight of Activities and Funds

KDP works in a high-risk environment and it is important to maintain strict controls and monitoring systems to ensure that funds are used for the intended purposes. Since the expansion of KDP in Aceh in 2005, the Project has increased the number of financial oversight staff and will undertake additional financial audits throughout the province. KDP maintains the following oversight mechanisms:

Community participatory monitoring – The most effective means of monitoring is through beneficiary communities who elect a monitoring committee to oversee project implementation and finances. Committee members check on prices, quotations, supply of goods, benefits to the community, financial book-keeping and progress of infrastructure implementation. The implementation team also reports to the communities twice in “accountability meetings” regarding project progress and finances. KDP requires project information to be posted on village information boards.

Grievance and complaints resolution mechanism – Communities can direct their questions or complaints to KDP facilitators, government staff, NGOs or send inquiries directly to a PO Box. KDP maintains a complaints handling unit at the national and provincial levels to record and follow up on inquiries and complaints.

Independent civil society monitoring – KDP maintains a contract with a competitively selected Acehnese NGO, Pugar, to monitor regularly KDP activities and report monthly on progress. Journalists are also invited to monitor the program.

Consultant oversight – Consultants at the sub-district, district, provincial and national levels continuously visit project sites to provide technical assistance and supervision. In particular KDP is increasing its staff in Aceh to improve financial oversight.

Government oversight – Local government officials and the PMD Project Manager (PjOK) regularly supervise and monitor project activities.