Government and Politics
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Transcript of Government and Politics
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Government and Politics
• What is government?• Government is the formal structures and
institutions through which binding decisions are made for citizens of a particular area.
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Government and Politics
• What is politics?• Politics is the process by which
the character, membership, andactions of a government are determined.
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Mayflower Compact
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French And Indian War
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The Great Squeeze
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The Boston Tea Party
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2.4
This twentieth-century lithograph depicts the Boston Tea Party of 1773
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Sons of Liberty
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The American Revolution
• “No taxation without representation.”– The Boston Tea Party– Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)
• “Natural Rights”– John Locke– Adam Smith– Thomas Paine
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The Declaration of Independence
• Battle of Lexington• Second Continental Congress (1775)• Thomas Jefferson• Declaration of Independence
– Natural rights– Social contract
• Revolution– A few key victories– Thomas Paine’s “Crisis” papers– French support
2.4
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2.5
The Articles of ConfederationDetermine the reasons for the failure of the Articles of Confederation
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Limitations of the Articles of Confederation
• No enforcement power.• No taxing authority.• Could not regulate commerce.• Could not effectively negotiate foreign affairs.• Unanimous amending required.
2.5
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Shays’s Rebellion, shown here, was an armed uprising that shocked the nation in 1786 and led to the Constitutional Convention a year later.
2.5
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The Constitutional Convention
• Governor Edmund Randolph (VA) argued for throwing out the Articles
• Several options – Virginia Plan– New Jersey Plan– The Connecticut Plan
Assess how compromises at the Constitutional Convention shaped our political systems.
2.6
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Virginia Plan• Divided power between a legislature, executive,
and judiciary• Checks and Balances• Bicameral Congress• Selected Executive• Independent Judiciary• “Council of Revision”• National Supremacy
2.6
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New Jersey Plan• Divided government—legislature, executive, and
judiciary• Unicameral Congress, each state represented
equally by one vote• A “multi-member” Executive• An independent Judiciary• National Supremacy
2.6
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• The Great Compromise– Three branches– Bicameral legislature with the ability to tax and regulate
commerce– Single executive– Independent judiciary empowered with judicial review– National Supremacy
• The Three-Fifths Compromise– Census
• The Sectional Compromise– Simple majority of both houses of Congress to regulate
commerce
Compromise 2.6
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2.6
•Irony: freedom and equality motivated patriots, but slavery was not eliminated in the Constitution. •Racial equality after two centuries and a civil war. •Here, Rosa Parks, who Congress later called the “mother of the modern day civil rights movement,” refuses to sit in the back of the bus.
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The US Constitution
• Divided government—3 branches• Separate, shared powers • Checks and balances• Representative republicanism• Federalism • Reciprocity among the states• Ability to accommodate change
– Bill of Rights
Identify the core principles of the Constitution.2.7
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2.6
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The Struggle over Ratification
• Nine of Thirteen required to ratify– Federalists versus Anti-Federalists
• Federalist Papers– Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
• Anti-Federalist
Analyze how the ratification debate structured the nature of our democracy
2.8
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The Federalist Papers
• A collection of 85 essays arguing in favor of ratification.
• Federalist No. 10, (Madison) detailed discussion of the dangers of “factions,” groups that form to pursue the interests of their members at the expense of the national interest
2.8
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The Anti-Federalists’ Response
• Echoing traditional republican ideology, one of the important Brutus essays insists that large governments could not heed the wishes of average citizen
• The Anti-Federalists argued that the Constitution did not contain provisions to protect individuals.
• Federalists gave in
2.8
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• Ratification and Compromises– By June of 1788, 9 states ratified– 12 amendments were initially proposed and
voted on – 10 of these amendments were successful and
were made part of the Constitution as the Bill of Rights in 1791.
The Anti-Federalists’ Response (cont’d)
2.8
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A Second Revolution?
• Republicans believed that the economic policies of the Federalists and their moves to stifle criticism were an assault on free government.
• The election of 1800 provided important lessons for the emerging democracy
2.8
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2.8
The Ratification of the Constitution, 1787-1790
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In political science, the structures that make and enforce the ‘rules of the game’ are called A. the Constitution.B. the body of law.C. the political system.D. the government.
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In political science, the structures that make an enforce the ‘rules of the game’ are called A. the Constitution.B. the body of law.C. the political system.D. the government.
2.1
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Under this notion, individuals exchange certain rights for security.
A. Popular sovereigntyB. Social contract theoryC. Natural rightsD. The Great Squeeze
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Under this notion, individuals exchange certain rights for security.
A. Popular sovereigntyB. Social contract theoryC. Natural rightsD. The Great Squeeze
2.4
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A political system that allows citizens to play a role in shaping government action is called
A. pluralistic.B. democratic.C. authoritarian.D. constitutional monarchies.
2.4
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A political system that allows citizens to play a role in shaping government action is called
2.4
A. pluralistic.B. democratic.C. authoritarian.D. constitutional monarchies.
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In creating the Constitution, large states would have been more inclined to
A. oppose slavery.B. support the New Jersey Plan.C. support the Virginia Plan.D. oppose the Connecticut
Compromise.
2.6
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In creating the Constitution, large states would have been more inclined to
A. oppose slavery.B. support the New Jersey Plan.C. support the Virginia Plan.D. oppose the Connecticut
Compromise.
2.6
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What do you think?
Have the expressed powers of Congress eroded the police powers of the states?
Yes, an over-powerful Congress, feared by Anti-Federalists exist today.
No, the Tenth Amendment assures states the continued authority to handle the health, safety and welfare of their residents.
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What do you think? Were the rights granted under the
Consitution really designed to protect the right of the Framers as a class?
YES, otherwise, they would have ended slavery and extended suffrage to more people.
NO, they risked their own futures in creating a democratic form of government, responsive to the body politic.
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Credits30 The Granger Collecton; 36 Pilgrim Society; 39 The Bridgeman Art Library; 40 Bettmann/Corbis; 41, top to bottom: The Granger Collection; Cox Newspapers; 45 Bettmann/Corbis; 48 Bettmann/Corbis; 50 The Granger Collection; 51, left to right: Stan Wakefield/Pearson Education (2); Irene Springer/Pearson Education; 52, top to bottom: Joseph Sohm, ChromoSohm Media Inc./Photo Researchers, Inc.; Kenneth Garrett/National Geographic Stock; 56 The Granger Collection; 59, top to bottom: North Wind Picture Archives; Look and Learn/The Bridgeman Art Library; Library of Congress; The Granger Collection; SuperStock; Bettmann/Corbis