Gothic art
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Transcript of Gothic art
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Gothic Art
“Let there be light!”
(Genesis 1:3)
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Spread of Gothic: black 12th Century, red 13th-14th centuries
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The Reach of Gothic
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Gothic Architecture
• St. Denis in France 1st example of Early Gothic
• Religious art, like Romanesque, but also a symbol of power and wealth for the town
• Not only cathedrals, but also castles, palaces, town halls, and universities
• Cathedral became center of the city
• Not only for religious rites, but also for guild meetings and municipal government (before construction of town hall)
• Rivalries between cities to see who could build the biggest and highest cathedral
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The Abbey of St. Denis• St. Denis patron saint
of France• First major stucture
built (partially) in Gothic style
• Construction began in 1136
• Burial site for many French Monarchs
• Located just north of Paris
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St. Denis Ambulatory
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Transition at Vezelay: Early Gothic choir showers
light on Romanesque Nave
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Characteristics of Gothic Architecture• Pointed arch• Ribbed vault• Flying buttresses• Bigger windows• Taller buildings
(stretched, verticality)
• Rose window• Appeal to emotions,
dramatic
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Amiens (476 feet long, 139 feet high)
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Amiens closer views
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Left: Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, Romanesque Pilgrimage Church, c. 1080-1120
Right: Notre-Dame, Amiens, French Gothic Cathedral, begun 1220
Nave
Transept
Choir
Ambulatory
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Romanesque vs. Gothic (Abbey of St. Etienne, Caen)
Nave (1064-1120) Choir (c. 1200)
Main arcade
Triforium
Clerestory
Vaulting
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Some Gothic Styles
• Early Gothic beginning around 1140 (St. Denis).
• High Gothic/Rayonnant (St. Chapelle, Paris, 1248)
• Perpendicular (choir of Gloucester cathedral, begun 1330), unique to England
• Flamboyant (St. Maclou, Rouen,1500-14)
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Rayonnant: St. Chapelle Rayonnant (called Decorated Gothic in England)
was characterized by the application of increasingly elaborate geometrical decoration
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More St. ChapelleRayonnant style • After 1250, Gothic architects were more concerned with the
creation of visual effects through decoration. • Pinnacles (upright members, often spired, that capped piers,
buttresses, or other exterior elements), • Moldings• Window tracery
(Some classify this as Flamboyant)• Rose Window
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Flamboyant
In France the Rayonnant style evolved about 1280 into a more decorative phase called the Flamboyant style.
Dominant feature in stone window tracery of a flame-like S-shaped curve.
Wall space was reduced to minimum
Almost continuous expanse of glass and tracery.
St. Maclou (Rouen) 15-16th Centuries
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St. Severin-St. Nicholas (Paris)
15th Century
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Leuven, Belgium Town Hall
15th Century
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Milan Cathedral (Duomo)
The biggest and greatest late gothic architecture in Italy.1386-1577, west front 1616-1813
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Milan Cathedral Flying Buttress
• Give horizontal strength to the wall
• Means walls can have bigger windows, more detail
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Gothic Sculpture• Mostly religious:
• Crucifixion of Christ
• and Virgin with Child
• To educate citizens
• Figures more realistic and natural than in Romanesque
• Curved and lines, movement
• Expression of emotion
• Mostly rock, some wood
• Choir seating, tombs, gargoyles
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Gothic Painting• Murals loose importance
(except in Italy)
• Painting over wood → Painted altarpieces
• Religious subjects, also potraits
• Movement of figures
• Richness of colors
• Use of gold
• Introduction of background
• Realism