Sweden

9,4 million

inhabitants

450 000 km2

Pal Martensson from the City of Goteborg Sweden.

28 juli 2014

Goteborga fast growing sustainable city…

Sweden’s second city

Scandinavia’s largest port

Car and truck industry

525 000 inhabitants

243 000 households

80% flats

49 000 villas/houses

Waste and recycling services

At the household

• Combustible waste

• Biodegradable

waste (optional)

• Varying service for

bulky waste,

packaging, paper,

batteries,

hazardous and

electronic waste,

Ca:330

Recycling

Stations

• Packaging

•paper,

•plastic.

•metall,

•glas

•newspapers

•batteries

10 Hazardous

Waste

Collection

Points and

mobile unit

• Hazardous and

small

• electronic waste

•textile

5 Recycling

Centres

• Bulky waste,

garden waste,

electrical and

hazardous waste,

reusable items,

textile. etc

Household waste collection

Bins and compacting

garbage trucks

standard collection

system

Vacuum systems for

more than 70 000

inhabitants

Undergound

containers

Methane/electric

hybrid vehicles in the

truck fleet

(Volvo/Norba)

Food waste collection in Göteborg

The increase in food waste collection is made by:

More resources for customer contacts

A change from charging by volume to charging

by weight

A subsidized tarrif for food waste

A change in collection from one-family houses,

once a week to every second week

We – together - are aiming towards an

environmentally correct and sustainable waste

management, for the benefit of society.

☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼

This is a very important question to discuss from

many different point of view, this a crucial choice

we have to do.

Incineration, landfill, recycling, reusing, circular

economy mm.

Total recycling is a big vision - it

means not wasting anything.

Waste is proof that something is wrong in the

society, it´s a true evidence. You can try burn it

or bury it but still it´s an evidence of a society

that's not sustainable.

Waste means that there are product made that

are wrong, we need a redesign of these

products so they will fit in to a modern

sustainable world.

Waste - a resource

Treatment of household waste in Sweden, 2011 (%)

Landfill

Energy recovery

Biological treatment

Recycling (material)

WE HAVE TODO MUCH BETTER!

Waste treatment hierarchy

Reuse

Landfill

Energy utilisation

Recycling

Reduce

Alelyckan

TH

IS W

AY

PL

EA

SE

Careful and enviromentalconsumption

Unique results ???

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Sweden 2010 EU 2010 USA 2010

Recycling (material)

Biological treatment

Energy recovery

Landfill

Progression from disposal to prevention to

recycling in EU 27

324 314 298 301 302 300 267

235 205

176 149

123 101

80

198 210 215 201 201 200

218 235

250 264

276 287

304 320

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Recycling & composting Disposal (landfill + incineration)

EUROSTAT DATA PROGRESSION RESOURCE EFFICIENCY ROADMAP

Kg

/cap

EU

27

The development

Municipal wasteplanning compulsory

Important steps of development

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

19

90

19

95

20

00

20

05

20

10

Producers’ responsibilityintroduced

Landfill taxintroduced

Ban on landfill ofcombustible waste

Ban on landfill oforganic waste and national target on food waste

Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes)

On-goingnational overview

Authorities and agencies

National level

Parliament

National environmental targets

The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

National waste plan

Produces national legislation and guidelines

National environmental courts (5 plus one superior):

Gives permissions to larger treatment plants

Regional level

County Administrative Board - government authority (21 counties):

Regional environmental targets

Permissions and control for most treatment plants

Supervision of the regional treatment capacity

Municipal level

Municipal authorithies:

Local enviroenmental targets

Local waste plans and regulations

Permissions and control of smaller treatment plants

Overview model

Housholds or companies

Waste prevention

Collection and transport

Recycling stations

Recycling centers

Curbside collection

Materialrecycling

Biological recycling

Energy recovery

Landfill

New products:

Biogas, new materials, district heating,

electricity, bio-fertilizer

Public awarness - a success factor

Key messages and tools for motivation and

to facilitate collaboration:

– Communication

– Development of self instructive systems

– Feed back of the results and that ”what I do

matters”

– Emphasize on the waste holders

responsibility and participation

Waste prevention in Sweden

99 % material recycling or energy recovery today

more focus on waste prevention

Information, knowledge and behaviour success factors

Long tradition of reuse through flymarkets, second hand,

collection at recycling parks, etc

Largest challenge: decoupling between generated waste

and economic growth

Generated household waste in Sweden is predicted to double 2010-2030 (Swedish EPA)

Generated waste world wide is predicted to rise with 72 % 2010-2025(What a Waste-A global review of Solid Waste Management, mars 2012, World Bank Group)

Infrastructure

Collection of waste from households

based on source separation

Curb side collection

630 manned drop-off recycling centers

5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off

stations

Treatment and recycling of waste

based on the charcter of the waste

58 organic waste facilities

32 waste to energy plants

79 landfills

Recycling centers

Recycling and treatment

Different treatment methods depending on the character of the waste,makes it possible to use the waste as a resource

Combustible wasteFood wasteMaterials

New products District heatingBiofertilizerBiogas Electricity

From landfills to modern recycling facilities

(Illustrator: Per Josefsson)

An integrated part of a holistic system

Products

Material recycling

Waste

Incineration

Landfill

Vehicle fuel

Biogas Cooling/ heatingproduction

Biosolids

Farms

Sewage water cleaning

Anaerobicdigestion

ElectricityproductionOther fuels

Households

IF we are Zero WasteNO NEED FOR BURNING OR BURY

The only thing we need to take out of the circle is toxic stuff.But on the other hand weshould, of course not bring it into the circle!That´s ZERO WASTE!

Waste economy

Municipal waste:

All costs covered by municipal waste fees (not by taxes)

Tariffs decided by eachmunicipal board

Non-profit

Allowed to be differentiated to encourage sourceseparation for recycling

Municipal waste within

producers’

responsibility:

Costs covered by a

fee added to the price

of every product

Waste fee

Average yearly fee per

household 2013:

• Houses:

• 250 EUR

• Flats:

• 160 EUR

Average daily feeper household1,50 Real

Important success factors

Waste management is a public service

Clear division of roles and responsibilities

enable necessary investments

Clear national environmental targets

showing the direction

Long-term regulations and economical

steering instruments

Co-operation between municipalities

Co-operation within municipalites (Waste-,

Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc

departements)

Collaboration between public and private

sectors

Focus on communication and public

engagement

Avfall Sverige’s vision

BNP

Economicgrowth

Generatedwaste

Zero waste!Long-term goals until 2020:

Decoupling between generated

waste and economic growth

Strong upward movement in waste

hierarchy

Gothenburgers' new amusement

park for reusers and recyclers

Our introduction concept was:

Why a recycling/reusing/eco-park?

Drop off what you want to get rid off and buy what you need

Inaugurated 5 May 2007

Total area of 30,000

square meters

Total cost 4 million euro

Eighty percent of the buildings are reused. They

have been brought in from other facilities and builtup again in the park

Construc-

tion time :

March 2006

to April 2007.

The visitors first arrive at the sortingstation

Sorting station where all visitors are met by recycling-park staff and invited to donate any of their items that may be suitable for sale in one of the secondhand shops. Most visitors are pleasantly surprised to be offered this opportunity.

Rooflift!

Entrance

Donatedmaterials

Communication

Hazardous waste

Electronic waste

Whitewares

are left

outside the

station

Stadsmissionen shop – here the visitors can

choose from a wide range of second-hand

products

…furniture…

…fashion…

…or knick-knacks and household goods

Återbruket is for recycling

of construction materials.

Återbruket – for those looking for used construction materials

Returhuset – creative forces that do exciting

things with re-used materials

Bike repair

at Returhuset

We play on the heart

strings when

marketing the eco-

cycle park

It should be a pleasure

and easy to

● Donate

● Buy second-hand

● Sort one's waste

• Understand our system

A few facts about the eco-cycle park

About: 300-400 visitors per day

Turn over: 2013 1,2 milj.euro

Create work opportunities for about

25 people – very important, green

jobs

More than 130 guidings from

Sweden and more than 50 different

countries have visited our Park

We, the park and Gothenburg

makes a differenceFree soil, bag and spade from

the city's own composting

plant to the young ones!

Are we influencing

people's

behaviour?

● Many come just to

donate. They stop at the

sorting station and drive

out again, without

visiting the recycling

centre● Because we ask

ACTIVELY if the visitor

has something to

donate, we encourage

such behavior and more

things are left for re-

use.

• We educate people,

“learning by doing”

Zero Waste is more the journey, then the destination!

There is no AWAY!

It´s always someothersbackyard!

ThankYOU!

pal.martensson@kov.goteborg.se

Facebook: pal martensson, SwedenTwitter: @MartenssonPalLinkedin: Pal Martensson, Sweden