GOST 25100 2011 Grunti Klassifikacija
of 63
description
GOST_25100_2011_Grunti klassifikacija
Transcript of GOST 25100 2011 Grunti Klassifikacija
-
25100-2011
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
, ()
EURO-ASIAN COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICA-TION (EASC)
________________________________________________________________________________________________
25100-2011
- ,
()
-
25100-2011
2
, 1.0 92 . - 1.2 - 97 . , - . , , , , - 1.01 - 01-96 - -. .
1 : , . .. , . .. , . .. : , , -, , , , ,
2 465
3 - , ( 39 8 2011 .)
4. 25100-95
( ) () , .
() - , -.
, - - - ,
________________________________________________________________________________________________
12 2012 . N 190- " "
8 2011 . N 39 - , :
1. 1 2013 . - 25100-2011 ". ", 25100-95.
2. .
..
-
25100-2011
3
1
2
3
4
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
6
7
.
...
.
.
.
1
1
2
6
7
7
7
7
8
8
()
() ( )..
() ( )..
() () , , -
..
() , - , 14668-2:2004
[1] ATM 2487-2000 [2]
() -
..
..
13
18
31
35
41
43
56
58
-
25100-2011
4
________________________________________________________________________________
Soils. Classification
________________________________________________________________________________
-2013-01-01
1
1.1 -
, , -
.
1.2 , -
, ,
-
.
,
,
.
1.3 ,
.
2
:
518084 . -
1065072 .
122482010 . -
-
25100-2011
5
1253679 . (-
)
23161 78 . -
2374079 . -
2558490 .
2621391 .
2862290 .
- -
-
, 1 , -
, -
. (),
() . -
, , , -
, .
3
-
:
3.1 ( -) ( )
, /
, .
3.2 , ( , , ).
-
25100-2011
6
3.3 , ,
.
3.4 , - - , , () .
3.5 . 3.6 , -
( 3%) , (Ip 1 %).
3.7 ( -, ) , -
.
3.8 , , , - -
- .
3.9 , , , - . , , - -
.
3.10 , .
3.11 , - 3 50 % ( ) .
3.12 - , - 3 % ( ) , IL > 1, , , 0,9 0, 01 , , 30 % .
3.13 , - ,
-.
3.14 , -
.
3.15 , - 2 50 %.
3.16 , 90% .
-
25100-2011
7
3.17 , ( ) - .
3.18 , -
.
3.19 , , - () -, -
. , -
.
, .
3.20 , . 3.21 , -
.
3.22 , sw 0,04 ( -
) ( ).
3.23 , .
3.24 , . 3.25 - , 3 50 % ( ) -
.
3.26 , 50 % ( ) .
3.27 , - .
3.28 () , 0,05-2 50 % Ip < 1%.
3.29 , , - - .
3.30 (FL) , -
, -
, ,
. -
-
25100-2011
8
-
.
3.31 , .
3.32 . 3.33 , ,
, -
() sl 0,01.
3.34 , .
3.35 (-) (, , ).
, -
.
3.36 - - ( ), 10 % ( ) -
, , , > 3 - .
3.37 - - .
3.38 , - / .
3.39 , , , ,
.
3.40 , - , .
3.41 , , - , -
.
3.42 , .
3.43 ( Tbf ) , , .
-
25100-2011
9
3.44 , , - .
3.45 - , (,
, -, ..) .
3.46 () , -
.
3.47 () , 50 % ( ) , -
.
3.48 , , , , ,
.
4
4.1 , -
:
- () ;
- () ;
- () , ;
- , ,
.
4.2
, -
.
4.3 , -
,
- .
-
25100-2011
10
5
(
1), ( 2) ( 3) .
.
5.1 (-
).
, -
, (), , 1.
,
, .1, .1 .
5.2 , - -
.
(-
) , - -
.
, -
, , , , 2.
,
, .2 .2.
5.3
( ).
;
-
;
.
, -
, , , , 3.
-
25100-2011
11
, , .3.
6 6.1 , -
14688-2:2004 [1] 2487-2000 [2],
.
6.2 ,
[1] [2], -
, [1], [2], [3]
[4], .
7 7.1 , ,
.
-
25100-2011
12
1
() * -
-
()
, , . - -- - .1, .1
, , , , . , . , , , , .
-
()
, . , , . , . , .
-
, , , , , , -, , , - .
. , . - , .
, , , , - . , , , . , . , . . - , .
-
, , , , , , .
- , , , , , , .
-
-
*
-
25100-2011
13
2
-
, , , .
- - .2 .2
-
--
-, -,
- ,
-: , -, , -
--
-
- -
-
-
- -
-
- -
, , , .
- .
-, , -
- .
.
-
25100-2011
14
-
-: , -, , -
--
-
-
-
-
-
- -
-
25100-2011
15
3
- --
-
, , -, , -,
-
- -- - .3
, -
- - -
- -
-
, -,
-
-
, - -
-
- - -
-
: , -, -
, , -, , , , , , , , --,
-
-
-
- -
-
25100-2011
16
()
.1 h, , () , ( -
).
.2 Sr, . .,
,
w
sr e
wS
w(.1)
w , . . ( 5180);
, ..; s , /3 ( 5180);
w , 1 /3.
.3 wr, . .,
,
wrK (.2)
- , /3 ( 5180);
- , /3 ( 5180).
.4 wrt, . ., -
,1
01
KKK
wrtKKK (.3)
1 2 - 2 ;
0 , . .5 fr, . ., -
,0
1
qq
K frq (.4)
q1 2
( 2 ) ;
q0 ( -
).
-
25100-2011
17
.6 , . .,
,
d
dse (.5)
s , /3 ( 5180);
d , /3.
.7 sof, . .,
,
sof R
RKRR
(.6)
R, R -
- ( 12248).
.8 mvf, -1 , - .
.9 K, % - .
.10 k, / / , , ( 25584).
.11 () L, ,
.
.12 ii, . ., -
,1,0
ww
wwiwtotsi
mtotsi 0
w (.7)
wtot , . . ( 5180);
wm , ,
. .;
ww -
, . .;
s , /3 ( 5180);
i , 0,9 /3.
.13 sw, . ., -
-
25100-2011
18
-
( 12248).
.14 sl, . . - , , -
( )
( 23161).
.15 Ir, . . - ( 23740
26213).
.16 () d, /3,
,1
wd w1 (.8)
, /3 ( 5180);
w , % ( 5180).
.17 RQD, %, - 10 .
.18 IL, .. () - ,
,P
PL I
wwI ww (.9)
w , % ( 5180);
wP , % ( 5180);
IP , %.
.19 St, .., - (u) (ur) (max) - (min), :
ur
ut
S .
min
maxtS (.10)
.20 n, %,
,100 1
s
dsn (.11)
s , /3 ( 5180);
d , /3.
-
25100-2011
19
.21 R, , , -
( 12248).
.22 u, ,
( , , , .).
.23 Dsal, % - - - .
.24 Sr, . .,
,1,1
wf
swicr e
wwS w (.12)
wic , , -
(-), . ., : wic = wm - ww;
ww ,
, . .;
s , /3 ( 5180);
f ; w , 1, /3.
.25 Cu, ..,
,10
60
ddCu dd
(.13)
d60, d10 , , -
60 10% ( ) .
.26 ID, ..,
,minmax
max
eeeeID ee
(.14)
, ..; emin - , .. [5]; emax - , .. [5].
-
25100-2011
20
.27 fh, % , ( 28622)
,1000
0,0 1hhh f
fh (.15)
h0,f , ;
h0 , .
.28 Ddp, . ., (- ) ( 10650).
.29 qsr, /, ,
, 1:5 -
.
.30 itot, . .,
,1
w
wwiii
toti
wtotficitot w
wii (.16)
iic - ( ), . .;
wtot , . . ( 5180);
i , 0,9 /3;
s , /3 ( 5180);
f , /3 ( 5180);
ww , . .
.31 Ip, % , IP = wL wP , (.17)
wL , % ( 5180);
wP , % ( 5180).
-
25100-2011
21
()
( )
. 1 .1.1 Rc
( 12248) .1.
.1
Rc,
:
:
Rc 120
120 > Rc 50
50 > Rc 15
15 > Rc 5
5 > Rc 3
3 > Rc 1
Rc < 1
.1.2 () d
.2.
.2
d, /3
d 2,50
2,50 > d 2,10
2,10 > d 1,20
d < 1,20
-
25100-2011
22
.1.3 n .3.
.3
n, %
n 3
3 < n 10
10 < n 30
n > 30
.1.4 wr .4.
.4
wr, . .
0,9 Kwr < 1
0,8 Kwr < 0,9
Kwr < 0,80
.1.5 Ksof
.5.
.5
Ksof, . .
Ksof 0,75
Ksof < 0,75
.1.6 qsr
.6.
.6
qsr, /
qsr 0,01
0,01 < qsr 1
1 < qsr 10
10 < qsr 100
qsr > 100
-
25100-2011
23
.1.7 .7 .
.7*
k, /
0,005 0,005 < 0,3
0,3 < 3 3 < 30 > 30
* .
. 2
.2.1 ( 12536)
.8.
.8
,
()
> 800
400 800
200 400
()
100 200
60 100
10 60
()
4 10
2 4
1 2
0,5 1
0,25 0,5
0,10 0,25
0,05 0,10
0,01 0,05
0,002 0,01
< 0,002
-
25100-2011
24
.2.2 ( 12536)
.9.
.9
d,
,
%
:
- (
- )
- ( -
)
- ( - -
)
:
-
-
-
-
-
>200
>10
>2
>2
> 0,50
> 0,25
> 0,10
> 0,10
>50
>50
>50
>25
>50
>50
75
-
25100-2011
25
.10
-
Cu , . .
Cu 3
Cu 3
.2.4 Sr
.11.
.11
Sr, . .
()
()
0 < Sr 0,5
0,5 < Sr 0,8
0,8 < Sr 1
.2.5 .12. .12
, .. ,
-
0,55 0,55 < 0,70
> 0,70
0,60 0,60 < 0,75
> 0,75
0,60 0,60 < 0,80
> 0,80
.2.6 ID [5]
.13.
.13
ID, . .
0 < ID 0,33
0,33 < ID 0,66
0,66 < ID 1,00
-
25100-2011
26
.2.7 wrt .14.
.14
wrt, . .
0 < wrt 0,50 0,50 < wrt 0,75 0,75 < wrt 1,00
.2.8 fr .15.
.15
fr, . .
fr 0,05 0,05 < fr 0,20 0,20 < fr 0,30 0,30 < fr 0,40
fr > 0,40
.2.9 Ip
.16.
.16
Ip, %
1 Ip < 7
7 Ip < 17
Ip 17
,
, , .
-
25100-2011
27
.2.10 Ip
.17.
.17
Ip, %
-
(2-0,05 ), % -
:
-
-
:
-
-
-
-
:
-
-
-
1 Ip < 7
1 Ip < 7
7 Ip < 12
7 Ip < 12
12 Ip < 17
12 Ip < 17
17 Ip < 27
17 Ip < 27
Ip 27
50
< 50
40
40
40
< 40
40
< 40
.2.11 .18.
.18
2 , %
, , (-
), () 15 25
, ,
(), ()
25 50
-
25100-2011
28
.2.12 IL
.19.
.19
IL, . .
:
-
-
-
:
-
-
-
-
-
-
IL < 0
0 IL 1,00
IL > 1,00
IL < 0
0 IL 0,25
0,25 < IL 0,50
0,50 < IL 0,75
0,75 < IL 1,00
IL > 1,00
.2.13 sw ( 12248)
.20.
.20
sw, . .
sw < 0,04
0,04 sw 0,08
0,08 < sw 0,12
sw > 0,12
.2.14 sl ( 23161)
.21.
-
25100-2011
29
.21
sl, . .
sl < 0,01
0,01 sl 0,03
0,03 < sl 0,07
0,07 < sl 0,12
sl >0,12
.2.15 Ir ( 23740
26213) .22.
.22
-
Ir, ..
-:
-
-
-
Ir 0,03
0,03 < Ir 0,10
0,10 < Ir 0,30
0,30 < Ir < 0,50
Ir 0,50
.2.16 Ir ( 23740
26213) .23.
.23
Ir, ..
0,03 Ir 0,10
0,05 < Ir 0,10
0,10 < Ir 0,25
0,25 < Ir 0,40
0,40 < Ir < 0,50
Ir 0,50
-
25100-2011
30
.2.17 Ddd ( 10650)
.24.
.24
Ddd , %
Ddd 20
20< Ddd 45
Ddd > 45
.2.18 Dsal
.25, - .26.
.25
Dsal, %
, -
, -
10,0
8,0
.26
(, ) Dsal, %
Dsal 5
5 < Dsal 10
10 < Dsal 20
20 < Dsal 35
Dsal > 35
Dsal 5
5 < Dsal 10
10 < Dsal 20
20 < Dsal 30
Dsal > 30
Dsal 3
3 < Dsal 7
7 < Dsal 10
10 < Dsal 15
Dsal > 15
-
25100-2011
31
.2.19 fn ( 28622)
.27*.
.27*
fn, %
fn < 1,0
1,0 fn 3,5
3,5 < fn 7,0
7,0 < fn 10,0
fn > 10,0
* .
.3
.3.1. T .28.
.28
, T,
()
*
T 0
T < Tbf
0 > T Tbf
T < 0
T < 0
* - wtot 3 %.
.3.2. ,
.29 - .31.
.29
ii, . .
ii 0,01
0,01 < ii 0,05
ii > 0,05
-
25100-2011
32
.30
ii, . .
ii 0,03
0,03 < ii 0,20
0,20 < ii 0,40
0,40 < ii 0,60
0,60 < ii 0,90
.31
,
itot, ..
itot 0,40
0,40 < itot 0,60
itot > 0,60
.3.3.
.32.
.32
(mvf 0,01 -1) T < Th,
(mvf > 0,01 -1)
T,
T 0
- Th = 0 - -
Th = 0 Th < T < Tbf Sr < 0,8
wtot 3 %
,
Th = - 0,1
-
Th = - 0,3
:
-
Th = -0,6 Th < T < Tbf Th = -1,0
Th = -1,5
-
25100-2011
33
Th - ; T
.3.4. (
) Dsal, %:
- 0,10;
- 0,15;
- 0,20;
- 0,25.
.3.5. Dsal, %, ( )
.33.
.33
Dsal , %
Dsal < 0,05
0,05 Dsal < 0,15
0,15 Dsal < 0,30
Dsal 0,30
Dsal < 0,15
0,15 Dsal < 0,35
0,35 Dsal < 0,60
Dsal 0,60
Dsal < 0,20
0,20 Dsal < 0,40
0,40 Dsal < 0,80
Dsal 0,80
.3.6.
.36.
.34
, , , , -
, , ,
, , , ,
, , , , -
,
, , , ,
-
25100-2011
34
()
( )
. 1 .1.1 -
.1.
.1
, %
3 g( 3)2
95 100
75 95
50 75
25 50
5 25
0 5
0 5
5 25
25 50
50 75
75 90
95 100
.1.2 -
.2.
.2
-
, %
-
, %
() 95 100 0 5
() (-
) () (-
)
75 95 5 25
(, ,
) ()
50 75 25 50
() (-
, , )
25 50 50 75
()
(, , )
5 25 75 95
-
25100-2011
35
(, , ) 0 5 95 100
.1.3 -
.3.
.3
, %
-
3, %
g(3)2, %
0 5 95 100 95 100
5 25
75 95
75 95
25 50
50 75
50 75
50 75 -
25 50
25 50
75 95
5 25
5 25
95 100 0 5 0 5
.2
.2.1 .4.
.4
,
5 5 < E 10
10 < E 50
E > 50
.2.2 u .5.
-
25100-2011
36
.5
u,
u 10 10 < u 20 20 < u 40 40 < u 75
75 < u 150 150 < u 300
u > 300
.2.3 St
.6.
.6
St, ..
St ~ 1
1 < St 2
2 < St 4
4 < St 8
St > 8
.2.4 () L [6]
.7.
.7
() L,
L 5
5 < L 10
10 < L 25
L >25
-
25100-2011
37
.2.5 Ir
.8.
.8
Ir, ..
0,03 < Ir 0,07 0,10 < Ir 0,30
0,07 < Ir 0,10 0,30 < Ir 0,50
Ir > 0,10 Ir > 0,50
.2.6 FL [7] -
:
- FL 1,15;
- FL > 1,15.
.2.7 h [5]
.9.
.9
h,
h 1,0
1,0 < h 2,5
h > 2,5
-
25100-2011
38
()
.1 -
, ,
.1.1 .1.3.
.1.1 -
.1.
.1
-
,
%
-
l/a
< 0,1
< 1,0
-
.
-
, -
:
0,1 0,5
0,5 3
> 4,0
-
.
-
.
- -
l/a, l - , a -
-
25100-2011
39
. ,
(, ..)
l a.
.1.2 -
.2.
.2
- -
-
- -
-
,
-
- -
, -
.
-
- -
, .4 (. ).
.1.3. -
.3.
.3
-
vp. / vp., ..
-
25100-2011
40
0,6
0,6 0,3
0,3 0,1
0,1 0, 03
0,03.
: vp. --- ;
vp. .
.2 RQD
.4.
.4
RQD, %
RQD > 90
90 RQD 75
75 > RQD 50
50 > RQD 25
RQD < 25
.3 , ,
.3.1 .3.2.
.3.1 -
.5:
.5
-
,
> 80
80 20
< 20
.3.2 -
:
- () - , -
;
-
25100-2011
41
- , , -
;
- - , -
-
, ;
- - , -
, -
;
- ( ),
, -
, ( ).
.4 , -
, , , -
.4.1 .4.5.
.4.1 .6.
.6
80
80> 60
60> 30
30 > 10
< 10
- (,
) - -
.
.4.2 b -
.7.
.7
-
25100-2011
42
b,
-
b 10
10 > b 1
1> b 0,1
0,1> b 0,01
b < 0,01
.4.3 l
.8.
.8
l,
l 100
100 > l 10
10 > l 1
1> l 0,1
l < 0,1
.4.4 -
.9.
.9
,
.4.5 -
.10.
.10
5
-
25100-2011
43
5 30
, -
30 -
- , ( -
) , -
, ,
1,0 . -
-
.
.5
.11.
.11
(
) -
-
-
,
-
.
.6
.12.
.12
-
25100-2011
44
,
> 20 000
20 000 10 000
> 10 000 5 000
> 5 000 2 000
< 2 000
.7 -
.7 (. ).
()
, ,
.1 Very coarse soils ( ) , - 63 .
.2 Coarse-grained soils ( ) , 50 % 0,063 ( [1]) 0,075 (
[2]).
.3 Fine-grained soils ( ) , 50 % 0,063 ( [1]) 0,075 ( [2]).
.4 Liquid limit ( ), wL [3], LL - [4] [3] , [4] .
.5 Liquid limit oven dried ( -), LLO = 105 .
.6 Liquid limit non dried ( ), LLN .
.7 Plastic limit ( ), wP [3], PL [4] , 5180 .
-
25100-2011
45
.8 Plasticity index ( ) PI [4], .1, IP [3] , (. .31 ).
PI = LL PL; (.1)
.9 Liquidity index ( ) IL [1] , (. .18 ).
.10 Consistency index ( ) Ic [1]
P
Lc I
wwI ww (.2)
.11 Plasticity Chart ( ) PI LL, -
, (. .2).
.12 Uniformity coefficient ( ), Cu , (. .25 ).
Cu .
.13 Coefficient of curvature ( ), CC (. .1).
6010
230
dddC d
, (.3)
d60, d30, d10 , -
60, 30 10% ( ) .
.14 Well graded soil ( ), W , Cu -
C.
.15 Poorly graded soil ( ), P , Cu
C.
.16 Flow chart ( ) -, .
-
25100-2011
46
()
, - , 14688-2:2004 [1]
D 2487-2000 [2] .1 .1.1 ,
[1] [2] ,
,
(. .1).
.1.2
ISO 14688 ASTM D 2487 .1.
.1.3 [1] [2]
(. . .2),
( 0,063 0,075
).
.1.4
[1] [2]
, 5180 [3] [4],
(. .3).
.1.5 -
( )
(
= 105 ). .1.6
.
-
25100-2011
47
.1 ,
[1] [2]
, 800 630 400 300 200 100 76,2 63 60 40 20 19 10 6,3 4,75 4 2
25100
, , ,
-
-
[1] Large
boulders Boulders Cobbles Coarse gravel
Medium gravel Fine gravel
[2] Boulders Cobbles Gravel Sand
coarse fine coarse .1
, 0,63 0,5 0,425 0,25 0,2 0,1 0,075 0,063 0,05 0,02 0,0063 0,005 0,002 < 0,002
25100
[1] Sand Silt
Clay coarse medium fine coarse medium fine
[2] Sand
Silt Clay medium fine
.2 , .2.1 ,
, ,
(. .1),
(. . .1).
.2.2 ,
[2] : 300,
76.2, 19, 4.75, 0.425 0.075 ; [1] 630, 200, 63, 20, 6.3,
0.63, 0.2 0.063 ; 800, 400, 200, 100, 60,
40, 20, 10, 4, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, 0.05 .
d60, d30 d10.
-
25100-2011
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
105,0
2,0
1,0
0,5
0,250,
1
0,05
0,01
0,00
5
<
0,00
5
,
, %
D4.75D0.425D0.075
30
10
60
. .1
.2.3 ,
[1] [2] .
.2.4 ,
.3.
.2.5 ,
[2] - (Flow Charts),
.
.2.6 [1]
.
. ( )
, .
.
.
. : sandy medium gravel (saMGr), fine
gravelly, coarse sandy silt (fgrcsaSi).
.2.7 ,
[1] [2], .2
.3.
-
25100-2011
49
.2
, [1]
25100 [1]
()
Boulders, sandy boulders, silty boul-
ders, clayey boulders Bo, saBo, siBo,
clBo ()
-
Sandy boulders, silty sandy boulders, clayey sandy boulders
saBo, sisaBo, clsaBo
() (-, ) -
Silty boulders, clayey boulders, sandy silty boulders, sandy clayey boulders
siBo, clBo, sasiBo, saclBo
(-)
Cobbles, sandy cobbles, silty cobbles,
clayey cobbles; Coarse (medium) gravel, sandy coarse
(medium) gravel, silty coarse (medium) gravel, clayey coarse (medium) gravel
Co, saCo, siCo, clCo;
CGr (MGr), saCGr (MGr), siCGr (MGr), clCGr (MGr)
(-) -
Sandy cobbles, silty sandy cobbles,
clayey sandy cobbles; Sandy coarse (medium) gravel, silty
sandy coarse (medium) gravel, clayey sandy coarse (medium) gravel
saCo, sisaCo, clsaCo;
saCGr (MGr), sisaCGr (MGr), clsaCGr (MGr)
(-)
(, )
Silty cobbles, clayey cobbles, sandy silty cobbles, sandy clayey cobbles; Silty coarse (medium) gravel, clayey coarse (medium) gravel, sandy silty
coarse (medium) gravel, sandy clayey coarse (medium) gravel
siCo, clCo, sas-iCo, saclCo;
siCGr (MGr), clCGr (MGr),
sasiCGr (MGr), saclCGr (MGr)
()
Medium (fine) gravel,
sandy medium (fine) gravel, silty medium (fine) gravel,
clayey medium (fine) gravel
MGr (FGr), saMGr (FGr), siMGr (FGr), clMGr (FGr)
() -
Sandy medium (fine) gravel, silty sandy medium (fine) gravel, clay-
ey sandy medium (fine) gravel
saMGr (FGr), sisaMGr (FGr), clsaMGr (FGr)
() (-, ) -
Silty medium (fine) gravel,
clayey medium (fine) gravel, sandy silty medium (fine) gravel,
sandy clayey medium (fine) gravel
siMGr (FGr), clMGr (FGr),
sasiMGr (FGr), saclMGr (FGr)
-
25100-2011
50
.3 , [2]
25100 [2]*
()
Boulders (cobbles); boulders (cobbles) with sand G
Boulders (cobbles) with silt; boulders (cobbles) with silt and sand G GM
Boulders (cobbles) with clay; boulders (cobbles) with clay and sand G GC
Silty boulders (cobbles); silty boulders (cobbles) with sand GM
Clayey boulders (cobbles); clayey boulders (cobbles) with sand GC
() -
Boulders (cobbles) with silt; boulders (cobbles) with silt and sand G GM
Boulders (cobbles) with clay; boulders (cobbles) with clay and sand G GC
Silty boulders (cobbles); silty boulders (cobbles) with sand GM
Clayey boulders (cobbles); clayey boulders (cobbles) with sand GC
() (-, )
Silty boulders (cobbles); silty boulders (cobbles) with sand GM
Clayey boulders (cobbles); clayey boulders (cobbles) with sand GC
(-)
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand G
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt and sand G GM
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay and sand G GC
Silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand GM
Clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand GC
(-)
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with silt and sand G GM
Cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay; cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with clay and sand G GC
Silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand GM
Clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand GC
-
25100-2011
51
.3
25100 [2]
(-) (, -)
Silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); silty cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand GM
Clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel); clayey cobbles (coarse, fine gravel) with sand GC
()
Fine gravel (coarse sand); fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand G
Fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt; fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt and sand G GM
Fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay; fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay and sand G GC
Silty fine gravel (coarse sand); silty fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand GM
Clayey fine gravel (coarse sand); clayey fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand GC
() -
Fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt; fine gravel (coarse sand) with silt and sand G GM
Fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay; fine gravel (coarse sand) with clay and sand G GC
Silty fine gravel (coarse sand); silty fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand GM
Clayey fine gravel (coarse sand); clayey fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand GC
() (-, )
Silty fine gravel (coarse sand); silty fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand GM
Clayey fine gravel (coarse sand); clayey fine gravel (coarse sand) with sand GC
* Cu C ()
well graded (W) poorly graded (P).
.2.8 , 25100
[1] [2], .4 .5.
-
25100-2011
52
.4 ,
25100 [1]
25100 [1]
Gravel; bouldery, cobble, sandy, silty, clayey gravel Gr, boGr, coCg, saGr, siGr,
clGr
Coarse (medium) sand;
bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty, clayey coarse (medium) sand
CSa(MSa), boCSa(MSa), coCSa(MSa), grCSa(MSa), siCSa(MSa), clCSa(MSa)
Medium sand; bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty,
clayey medium sand
MSa, boMSa, coMSa, grMSa, siMSa, clMSa
Medium (fine) sand;
bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty, clayey medium (fine) sand
MSa(FSa), boMSa(FSa), coMSa(FSa), grMSa(FSa), siMSa(FSa), clMSa(FSa)
Fine sand;
bouldery, cobble, gravely, silty, clayey fine sand;
coarse silt
FSa, boFSa, coFSa, grFSa, siFSa, clFSa, CSi
-
25100-2011
53
.5 ,
25100 [2]
25100 [2]*
Gravel, gravel with sand G Gravel with silt, gravel with silt and sand G GM Gravel with clay, gravel with clay and sand G GC Silty gravel, silty gravel with sand GM Clayey gravel, clayey gravel with sand GC Sand, sand with gravel S Sand with silt, sand with silt and gravel S SM Sand with clay, sand with clay and gravel S SC Silty sand, silty sand with gravel MS Clayey sand, clayey sand with gravel CS
Medium sand, medium sand with gravel S Medium sand with silt, medium sand with silt and gravel S SM Medium sand with clay, medium sand with clay and gravel S SC Silty medium sand, silty medium sand with gravel MS Clayey medium sand, clayey medium sand with gravel CS
Medium (fine) sand, medium (fine) sand with gravel S Medium (fine) sand with silt, medium (fine) sand with silt
and gravel S SM Medium (fine) sand with clay, medium (fine) sand with
clay and gravel S SC Silty medium (fine) sand, silty medium (fine) sand with
gravel MS Clayey medium (fine) sand, clayey medium (fine) sand
with gravel CS
Fine sand, fine sand with gravel S Fine sand with silt, fine sand with silt and gravel S SM Fine sand with clay, fine sand with clay and gravel S SC Silty fine sand, silty fine sand with gravel MS Clayey fine sand, clayey fine sand with gravel CS
Fine sand, fine sand with gravel S Fine sand with silt, fine sand with silt and gravel S SM Fine sand with clay, fine sand with clay and gravel S SC Silty fine sand, silty fine sand with gravel MS Clayey fine sand, clayey fine sand with gravel CS Silt ML
-
25100-2011
54
* Cu C ()
well graded (W) poorly graded (P).
.3 .3.1
.
wL LL
. ,
.
wP PL .
.3.2 ,
, wL LL
:
LL = 1,48 wL 8,3; (.1)
wL = (LL + 8,3) / 1,48. (.2)
.3.3 wL LL PI, IP, IL, IC
.
.3.4 - (fine
graded soils) [1] [2]
(. .2). ,
, , .
-
25100-2011
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100LL, %
PI, %
CH or OH
CL or OL
CL-ML ML or OL
MH or OH
. .2. (Plasticity Chart).
:
CH fat clay, CL lean clay, ML silt, MH elastic silt, CL-ML silty clay,
OH organic clay with high plasticity, OL organic clay with low plasticity.
: PI = 0,73 (LL 20)
.3.5
, .
5 % (inorganic soil)
, CH, CL, MH ML. 5 %
- (organic soil) , OH OL.
50 % (Pt).
.3.6
LL0 /LLN. LL0 /LLN 0,75,
(organic soil), 0,75 (inorganic
soil).
.3.7
.2
.3.8 (inorganic
soil) [2]
- (Flow Chart),
.
-
25100-2011
56
.3.9 , -
, [1] [2]
25100, .6 .7.
.6 ,
[1] [2] 25100
[1] [2] 25100
-
PI, %
LL, %
Fat clay CH
> 45 > 65
28 45 45 76
19 28 50 53
Lean clay CL
19 28 36 50
11 19 22 45
7 11 < 32
Silty clay CL ML 4 7 < 30
Elastic silt MH
> 53 > 92 -
35 53 68 114 -
24 35 52 102
< 24 50 68 -
Silt ML 15 24 41 50
< 15 < 41
-
25100-2011
57
.7 -
, [1] [2] 25100
[1] [2] 25100
-
PI, %
LL, %
Organic clay with high plas-
ticity OH
> 47 > 68
29 47 44 98
19 29 50 62
13 - 19 50 51
Organic clay with low plas-
ticity OL
19 29 36 50
13 19 25 50
< 13 < 41
Peat Pt
.3.10
- IL
I [1]
.8.
-
25100-2011
58
.8
- IL
I
25100 [1]
IL
I
IL < 0 very stiff
0 IL 1,0 very soft stiff
IL > 1,0 very soft
IL < 0 very stiff
0 IL 0,25 stiff
0,25< IL 0,5 firm stiff
0,5< IL 0,75 soft firm
0,75< IL 1,0 very soft
firm
IL > 1,0 very soft soft
IL < 0 very stiff
0 IL 0,25 stiff
0,25< IL 0,5 firm stiff
0,5< IL 0,75 firm
0,75< IL 1,0 soft firm
IL > 1,0 very soft soft
-
25100-2011
59
()
-
Soil density
d Dry soil density
s Solid particles density
w Water density
e Void ratio emax
- Maximum index void ratio
emin -
Minimum index void ratio
ID Density index w Water content Sr Degree of saturation wL Liquid limit wP Plastic limit Ip Plasticity index IL Liquidity index d Particle diameter Cu -
Uniformity coefficient
k Coefficient of permeability T Temperature E Modulus of deformation
Rc
Tensile strength in uniaxial compres-sion
RQD Rock Quality Designation
mvf
Coefficient of volume compressibility
i Ice density
f Frozen soil density
-
25100-2011
60
-
Srf
Degree of soil pores filling with ice and unfrozen water
wtot Total water content
wic
Water content at the expense of ice-cement
ww
Water content at the expense of not frozen water
wm , -
Water content of frozen soil located between ice prolayers
itot
Total volume content of ice
ii
Volume content of ice at the expense of ice prolayers
iic - Volume content of ice at the expense of ice-cement
Tbf Ground freezing point fh Frost heave rate
Dsal Soil salinity degree
-
25100-2011
61
[1] O 14688-2:2004
2: -
(ISO 14688-2:2004 Geotechnical investigation and testing Iden-
tification and classification of soil Part 2: Classification princi-
ples and quantification of descriptive characteristics)
[2]
ATM 2487-2000
(ASTM D 2487-2000 Standard Test
Method for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes)
[3]
IO/T 17892-12:2004
12: -
(ISO/TS 17892-12:2004 Geotechnical investigation and
testing Laboratory testing of soil Part 12: Determination of
the Atterberg limits)
[4]
ATM 4318-2000
-
, -
(ASTM D 4318-00 Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit,
Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soil)
[5]
. ..
, .. . .: , 2008. 520 .
[6]
.. , .. .
. .: , 2008. 544 .
[7]
.. .
.: - , 1999. 263 .
-
25100-2011
62
______________________________________________________________________________
624.131: 006.354 93.020 39
: , , , , , -
_______________________________________________________________________________
-
251
00-2
011 63
