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Google Driverless Cars

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Benz – Motorwagenby Karl Benz1886

Microprocessors

Computers

Artificial intelligence

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Google Driverless Cars2014

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Google X – 10x Improvement to the world

Current projects1. Project Loon2. Google Contact Lens3. Project Glass4. Google driverless car

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Project team

Former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View.

Stanley (won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge)

Team head: Sebastian Thrun

7Lexus RX450h

8Toyota Prius

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Hardware that makes it driverless.• LIDAR (Light Detection And

Ranging) • Automotive Radar System• Video Cameras• GPS (Global Positioning System)• Position Estimators• Computer unit to control all the

above systems .• Systems like ABS (Antilock

Braking System) , ESC (Electronic Stability Control) etc..

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LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)• Optical Remote sensing technology.• Laser produces optical pulse.• Pulse is transmitted , reflected and

returned to the receiver• Receivers accurately measures the

travel time.• The range finder mounted on the

top is a Velodyne 64-beam laser.• Range = 60m (~197 feet)• This laser allows the vehicle to

generate a detailed 3D map of its environment.

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Radar

• Four standard automotive radar sensors are used.• 3 are placed in the front and 1 at the back.• Used to measure distances from other objects.• Used to measure vehicles’ speed.• Used to locate the position of distant objects.

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Video Camera

• Mounted near the rear view mirror.• Detects traffic lights & traffic signs.• Helps the car to recognize moving

obstacles like pedestrians and bicyclists.

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GPS receiver.• For receiving GPS

(Global Positioning System) signals.• It is used to obtain

the location of the car.

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Position estimator• A rotation sensor mounted

on the rear wheel.• Measures lateral

movement and determines exact position of the vehicle on the map.• The location will be more

accurate than the location obtained using a GPS sensor.

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Map• The car must be driven by drivers fist wherever the

car must be self driven.• The data collected at this time is synched with the

google servers to make high resolution inch precision maps of the world.• This map will contain other information like• The height and position of traffic lights.• Speed limit at which the car can be driven at that location.

• The map is loaded to the memory of the car before the car has to self drive at that location.

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SOFTWARE• The software used in a Google’s self driving

car is named Google Chauffeur.• A powerful computer is placed under the

rear passenger seat.• All the hardware components are connected

to the computer.

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How does it drive by itself?1. Where am I?2. What are around me?3. What are the they going to do?4. What am I going to do, in that situation?

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Map position is found accurately using GPS and position estimators.

1). Identify the position in a map.

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2). Detecting other vehicles.

Referring the map the car will be able to detect moving objects.

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3).Predicting the trajectory of other moving objects.

Then the software predicts the path of vehicles, by analysing the path

travelled by the vehicle and by analysing the situation.

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This prediction is done for all the vehicles in the field of view.

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4). Calculating the most appropriate path.

Then the car takes the most appropriate and safest path.

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When the software has chosen the best path ahead the software controls the following,• Steering wheel• Accelerator• Break• Gear etc.

Thus the car actuates to move itself through the road.

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Testing• In April 2014, the team announced that their

vehicles have now logged nearly 700,000 autonomous miles (1.1 million km) accident-free.• All the cars used are Electric or Hybrid Electric.

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LicensingLevel 3 autonomy

The system provides an override that allows a human driver to take control of the car by stepping on the brake or turning the steering wheel.

Level 4 autonomyFully autonomous. Human’s will not be able to

control the car.

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Google’s prototype car which is 100% autonomous.

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Four U.S. states have passed laws permitting autonomous cars as of December 2013:• Nevada• Florida• California• Michigan

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Cost• Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in

equipment including a $70,000 LIDAR system.• That is, the car now cost approximately one crore

Rupees.

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Commercialization• Google had no immediate plans to commercially

develop the system.• Google hopes to develop a business which would

market the system and the data behind it to automobile manufacturers.• Robo-Taxi : Advertising fee funded transportation

service which included autonomous vehicles as a method of transport.

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Future improvements• Ability to self drive on unmapped areas.• Ability to self drive on bad weather conditions.

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Conclusion• Imagine getting in the car and being able to go

wherever you want to go even if you don’t have a driving license.• Imagine a world where Government don’t have to

build new roads to reduce traffic.• Imagine a world where no road accidents takes

place.• Google is making it safer, easier, and more

enjoyable to get around.

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Reference• Google• IEEE Spectrum• Wikipedia• TED• Google+/Google_Self_driving_car• You Tube• The Atlantic• googleblog.blogspot.in/what-were-driving-at• The New York Times

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Questions ?