GOOD PRACTICES OF REGIONAL ADAPTATION

ACTIONS FOR COASTAL AREAS

Climate Change Adaptation in

the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Giasuddin Ahmed Choudhury

Executive Director

Center for Environmental & Geographic Information Services

Copenhagen 15 December 2009

Bangladesh

India

Nepal Bhutan

Manas Sorawar

Geographical Location of Bangladesh

Most Vulnerable Country

Due To Climate Change

District : 19

Upazila : 147

Present Population : 35 m

Year 1951, Population : 12.5 m

Year 1901, Population : 0.84 m

BAGERHAT

BARGUNA

BARISAL

JHALAKATI

CHANDPUR

CHITTAGONG

COX’S BAZAR

FENI

GOPALGANJ0

JESSORE

BHOLA

KHULNA

LAKSHMIPUR

NARAIL

NOAKHALI

PATUAKHALI

PIROJPUR

SATKHIRA

SHARIATPUR

Integrated Coastal Resources Database (ICRD)Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Coastal Resources

IRS P6 LISS III mosaic image, 2005

Legend

Food Poverty in Coastal Zone

Threshold: 1805 kcal

DEM of Coastal Zone

Legend

Elevation in meter

<0.1

0.1 -0.2

0.2 -0.5

0.5 - 1

1 - 2

2 - 3

3 - 4

4 - 5

5 - 10

10 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 300

Sea level rise induced Coastal Flooding

Legend

0 cm SLR (Area : 9239 sq km)

88 cm SLR (Area :14468 sq km)

32 cm SLR (Area :10612 sq km)

Salinity at Different SLR

Population Exposed to Sea Level RiseExposure Factor Exposed Population

In 2050 In 2080

Flooding 47 % 51 %

Salinity (>5 ppt) 13.6 m 14.8 m

Cyclone storm surge

Inundation over 100 cm 5.0 m

Inundation by 50-100 cm 5.5 m

Polder overtopping (medium to severe inundation)

45 %

1973

2000

1973 2000 1973 2000 1973 2000 1973 2000 1973 2000

South West Khulna, Jessore 374 444 29 109 255 124 49 162 21 48

South

Central

Faridpur, Barisal,

Patuakhali

279 392 193 141 87 122 0 110 0 0

South East Noakhali 78 78 19 24 53 27 6 19 0 8

Region

Name

Greater District Name Salt affected

areas ( 000 ha)

S1 S2 S3 S4

2.0-4.0 ds/m 4.1-8.0 ds/m 8.1-16.0 ds/m > 16 ds/m

Soil Salinity

ds/m means deciSiemens/metre

Impact on Social, Economic and Environmental Sectors

Sector Vulnerability factor Effects

2050 2080

Access to safe drinking water

Increase of salinity 22 m 27 m

Food Security (base 574 gm/person/day)

Decrease of rice production

265 gm/ person/ day

207 gm/ person /day

Employment opportunity

Decrease of rice cultivation

Reduce by 7%

Reduce by 10 %

Freshwater Habitat Decrease freshwater zone

4 % 6 %

Increase brackish water zone

13 % 22 %

Impact on livelihoods

Livelihood Group

Vulnerability factor

Decrease of opportunity

In 2050 In 2080

Farmer Farming opportunity

13.5 % 25 %

Fisherman Fishing opportunity

8 % 15 %

Wage Labour

Agriculture labor 14 % 25 %

Woman Suitable area of livestock

7.72 m 19.9 m

Coastal EcosystemEco-systems Bio-ecological

zonesNWMP regions

ICZM districts

Mangrove eco-system

(Sundarban and adjoining area)

7a (Sundarbans)

10 (Saline tidal floodplain)

South west Khulna, Bagerhat Satkhira, Jessore, Narail

Tidal eco-system

(Ganges tidal floodplain)

4b (Ganges floodplain)

South central Barisal, Patuakhali, Barguna, Pirojepur,

Jhalakathi, Shariatpur, Gopalganj

Estuarine eco-system

(Meghna Estuarine Floodplain)

8b (Offshore islands)

8d (Meghna estuarine

floodplain)

4e (Meghna floodplain)

Rivers and estuaries;

South east

Bhola, Lakshmipur, Noakhali, Feni, Chandpur

Beach eco-system

(Chittagong coastal plain)

8a (Coastal plains)

8e (Sandy beach/dunes)

Eastern Hills Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar

Mangrove variety: Sundari

Impact onSundarban Forest

Sundarban

Climate Change Strategy

Bangladesh vision is to eradicate poverty and achieve economic and social well-being for her people

Bangladesh adapted a pro-poor, climate resilient and low carbon development strategy

Strategy based on four building blocks of Bali Action Plan:

Adaptation to climate change

Mitigation

Technology transfer

Adequate and timely flow of funds for investment

Climate Change Action Plan

Food security, social protection and health

Comprehensive disaster management

Infrastructure to ensure the existing assets

Research & Knowledge management

Mitigation and low carbon development

Capacity building & institutional capacity strengthening

Six pillars of climate change action plan:

127 Coastal Polders

Polder 1970 to 1980

Polder 1980 to 1990

Polder 1990 to 2000

Polder upto 1970

Legend Protected Land : 0.35 million ha

Protected People : 318 million

Crop production secured : 3.18 million ton

Low Height Coastal Embankment

To adapt with sea level rise of 27cm and 62

cm, 15-35 cm height increase of

embankments is needed.

Opening of hydraulic structures need to be

doubled, as drainage time will be reduced

to 0.5-1 hour and head difference will also

be reduced by 7-15 cm

Adaptive Crop Agriculture Including Innovative

Farming Practices in the Coastal Zone

Adaptive salt tolerant crops

Boro season rice

Non rice crops

RADARSAT for Golda Landuse

Three RADARSAT Fine Beam images were

acquired for Golda mapping

Dumuria Upazila

Golda

Boro and Bagda Landuse

Boro and Bagda from IRS -

1D LISS III images

Kalaroa

Tala

Debhata

Dumuria

Paikgacha

Kaliganj

Assasuni

Batiaghata

Terokhada

Mongla

RampalDacope

Shyamnagar

Koyra

Fakirhat

Rupsa

PhultalaDighalia

Bagerhat Sadar

Satkhira Sadar

Mollarhat

Sarankhola

Morrelganj

Kachua

Satkhira

Dacope

Bagda

Boro

Cropping Pattern Map

Kalaroa

Tala

Debhata

Dumuria

Paikgacha

Kaliganj

Assasun

i

Batiaghata

Terokhada

Mongla

RampalDacope

Shyamnagar

Koyra

Fakirha

t

Rupsa

PhultalaDighalia

Bagerhat Sadar

Satkhira

Sadar

Sarankhola

Morrelganj

Chitalmari

Mollarhat

Kachua

River/Beels

Settlements/ Homestead Veg.

Wetland grass

Mangrove

Fallow land

Till/Other T.Aman Fallow

Fallow Fallow Boro

Bagda Fallow Bagda

Fallow T.Aman Fallow

Fallow T.Aman Rabi(Pulses)

Fallow T.Aman Boro

Bagda T.Aman Bagda

Till/Other T.Aman Rabi (Other winter crops)

Golda Golda Boro

Golda Golda Golda

Findings of Boro Season Experiments

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

8

<4 dm/s 4-6 dm/s > 6 dm/s

Salinity

Yie

ld (

t/h

a)

BRRI dhan28

China (Shaitta)

BRRI dhan47

BRRI dhan45

BRRI dhan29

Findings of Non-Rice Experiments

• Drip irrigation performed better in raised bed with

mulch than any other selected option

Treatment Yield (t/ha)

T1 28.49

T2 50.71

T3 53.22

T1 = Can irrigation in flat bed (farmers’ practice)

T2 = Can irrigation in raised bed without mulch

T3 = Drip irrigation in raised bed with mulch

Tomato (BARI Tomato-3), Total 9 plots

Soil salinity: 3.35 – 9.6 dS/m Yield of Tomato under different salinity management

techniques

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

T1 T2 T3

Treatments

Yie

ld (

t/h

a)

Yield (t/ha)

Findings of Non-Rice Experiments

• Raised beds with mulch performed well to control the soil

salinity better than any other management option giving

rise to highest yield in all three demonstration

T1 = Can irrigation in flat bed (farmer’s practice)

T2 = Can irrigation in raised bed with mulch

T3 = Can irrigation in raised bed without mulch

Okra (BARI Dharosh-1), Total 27 plots

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

T1 T2 T3

Treatment

Yie

ld (

t/h

a)

Field1

Field2

Field3

Cyclone Risk Area and Population

Population in coastal

area: 31 million

Risk area

population: 16 million

Risk Reduction Through Cyclone Shelters

Vulnerable Population 31 m

Total Shelter 2550

Shelter served Population 9 m

Cyclone Warning

An elaborate

cycle warning

system in place

Broadcasts over

radio & television

Thank You