Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s?...

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Good Neighbor Policy • Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned portion of the “Double Bubble” Thinking Map analyzing the main arguments in your article. – Step 2: Exchange information with one of the group’s with the opposing article – Step 3: As a group, come to a conclusion regarding the question above and write a thesis statement stating your position. – Step 4: Add your group’s information to the class Double Bubble on the front board – Step 5: Share out your O,P,V,L’s for the two articles

Transcript of Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s?...

Page 1: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Good Neighbor Policy• Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin

America in the 1930s?– Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned

portion of the “Double Bubble” Thinking Map analyzing the main arguments in your article.

– Step 2: Exchange information with one of the group’s with the opposing article

– Step 3: As a group, come to a conclusion regarding the question above and write a thesis statement stating your position.

– Step 4: Add your group’s information to the class Double Bubble on the front board

– Step 5: Share out your O,P,V,L’s for the two articles

Page 2: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

WWI: THE WAR TO END ALL WARS, NOT QUITE

THE ROAD TO WWII

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DRAWING CONNECTIONS

CAUSE:• The Treaty of

Versailles:– The War Guilt Clause– Forced Reparations– Large territorial losses

for Germany– Dismantling of the

German military.

EFFECT:• A growing desire for

revenge among Germans after their treatment at the end of WWI

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DRAWING CONNECTIONS

CAUSE: • Technological

innovation in WWI;– Mass production/

assembly line– Advent of mass

advertising– General rise in wages

EFFECT:• Development of

widespread consumer goods/consumer economy in the U.S.

Page 5: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

DRAWING CONNECTIONS

CAUSE: • A growing acceptance

of debt in 1920s America through the use of installment plans

• Risky investment practices such as buying on margin and stock speculation.

EFFECT:• Decreasing Consumerism

as credit debt amassed• Instability of banks and

the stock market in the U.S.

• Ultimately led the U.S. into a depression

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DRAWING CONNECTIONS

CAUSE• A shut down in

international trade due to tariff wars

• Massive debt incurred by Europeans during WWI

• “Drying up” of U.S. credit to nations overseas.

EFFECT:• The depression became

a global affair

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DRAWING CONNECTIONS

CAUSE:• Severe economic

depression in Germany in the 1930s

• Humiliation over the terms in the Treaty of Versailles

• German government’s lack of an effective response to economic and political problems.

EFFECT:• Rise of the nationalistic,

NAZI Party and Adolf Hitler in Germany

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WWIIThe Road to War

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Italy: The Rise of Benito Mussolini and Fascism

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2YEUhHFMHY

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Page 12: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Hitler’s IdeologyMein Kampf• Hitler’s autobiography, written while

in prison, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

• Extreme Anti-Semitism…uses Jews as scapegoat for all of Germany’s problems.– “Here he stops at nothing, and in his

vileness he becomes so gigantic that no one need be surprised if among our people the personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.”

Lebensraum• “Living Space”• Hitler’s foreign policy: Eastern Europe had

to be conquered to create a vast German empire for more physical space, a greater population, and new territory to supply food and raw materials. – “Without consideration of traditions and

prejudices, Germany must find the courage to gather our people and their strength for an advance along the road that will lead this people from its present restricted living space to new land and soil, and hence also free it from the danger of vanishing from the earth or of serving others as a slave nation.”

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Lebensraum• "The external security of a people in largely determined by the

size of its territory."• “Therefore we National Socialists have purposely drawn a line

through the line of conduct followed by pre-War Germany in foreign policy. We put an end to the perpetual Germanic march towards the South and the West of Europe and turn our eyes towards the lands of the East. We finally put a stop to the colonial and trade policy of pre-War times and pass over to the territorial policy of the future. When we speak of new territory in Europe today we must principally think of Russia and the border states subject to her.”

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Mein Kampf• “Slowly fear and the Marxist weapon of Jewry descend like a nightmare

on the mind and soul of decent people.”• “With satanic joy in his face, the black-haired Jewish youth lurks in wait

for the unsuspecting girl whom he defiles with his blood, thus stealing her from her people. With every means he tries to destroy the racial foundations of the people he has set out to subjugate. Just as he himself systematically ruins women and girls, he does not shrink back from pulling down the blood barriers for others, even on a large scale. It was and it is Jews who bring the Negroes into the Rhineland, always with the same secret thought and clear aim of ruining the hated white race by the necessarily resulting bastardization, throwing it down from its cultural and political height, and himself rising to be its master.”

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Mein Kampf

• “Culturally, he contaminates art, literature, the theater, makes a mockery of natural feeling, overthrows all concepts of beauty and sublimity, of the noble and the good, and instead drags men down into the sphere of his own base nature.”

• “Now begins the great last revolution. In gaining political power the Jew casts off the few cloaks that he still wears. The democratic people’s Jew becomes the blood-Jew and tyrant over peoples. In a few years he tries to exterminate the national intelligentsia and by robbing the peoples of their natural intellectual leadership makes them ripe for the slave’s lot of permanent subjugation.”

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Mein Kampf…Manipulating the Masses

• “The masses find it difficult to understand politics, their intelligence is small. Therefore all effective propaganda must be limited to a very few points. The masses will only remember only the simplest ideas repeated a thousand times over. If I approach the masses with reasoned arguments, they will not understand me. In the mass meeting, their reasoning power is paralyzed. What I say is like an order given under hypnosis.”

• “The whole organization of education, and training which the People's State is to build up must take as its crowning task the work of instilling into the hearts and brains of the youth entrusted to it the racial instinct and understanding of the racial idea. No boy or girl must leave school without having attained a clear insight into the meaning of racial purity and the importance of maintaining the racial blood unadulterated. Thus the first indispensable condition for the preservation of our race will have been established and thus the future cultural progress of our people will be assured.”

Page 17: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Japanese Militarists on the Rise

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Competition in the Pacific

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The Axis Powers

A Look at Japanese, German, and Italian “Acts of Aggression”

(1931-1939)

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Question Prompts: Opening the Door for German Aggression

• What was the Treaty of Versailles? Why did it anger Germans…be specific.• Based off of what you already know about Germany and WWI, what might be meant by

the “Stab in the Back” Theory? How might this have added to Germany’s growing militarism?

• What was the League of Nations? • The League of Nations was generally viewed as a weak and ineffective organization…

Why? (Hint: Which important global power decided not to join the League of Nations)?• How might the weaknesses of the L.o.N. contributed to Hitler’s decision to violate the

Treaty of Versailles and take aggressive actions to rebuild the Germany military?• Why did the Maginot Line and Locarno Pact give the French a false sense of security?

How might the Maginot Line actually weaken France’s ability to resist German Aggression?

Page 21: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Treaty of Versailles• Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919)

– Peace Treaty Officially Ending War b/n Germany & Allied Powers

• Treaty Establishes the League of Nations• Treaty Intended to Punish & Weaken Germany

– War Guilt Clause• Germany must accept full responsibility for the war

– Had to pay massive reparations to the allies• Most of reparations would go to France/Belgium

– German military dismantled…why?• Army reduced to 100,000 men• Not allowed to have Tanks or Air Force• Demilitarized Rhineland

– Germany suffered major territorial losses• Lose: Alsace & Lorraine, Baltic States (land won from Russia), Poland, & more

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Frederick Niche

• Frederick Niche: “The punishment often increases the feeling of estrangement and strengthens the power of resistance.”

Page 23: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

The “Stab in the Back” Theory

German Soldiers are Dissatisfied

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Decadence of Weimar Republic

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A Weak League of Nations

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A Weak League of Nations

No control of major conflicts. No progress in disarmament. No effective military force.

Page 27: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

French False Sense of Security: Maginot Line

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France: False Sense of Security

• Locarno Pact: France, Britain, Germany, Italy– Guarantee existing frontiers; 30 mi. DMZ east of Rhine R.;

non-aggression agreement

Page 29: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Axis Powers Grow Aggressive

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Question Prompts: Rising Aggression…The Axis Powers• Summarize the Manchurian Crisis in 1-2 sentences• How did the League of Nations respond to Japanese

aggression? How might the League of Nations response have influenced Hitler and Mussolini?

• What active measures did Hitler take to defy the Treaty of Versailles? Why would this be considered a good political move for Hitler, in Germany?

• Why do you think France and Britain were reluctant to respond to these acts of aggression? How did this influence Hitler & Mussolini?

Page 31: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

The Manchurian Crisis (1931)

• Why did Japan want to expand into China/Korean Peninsula?

Page 32: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

The Manchurian Crisis (1931)

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Germany (1933-1935)

• Withdraws from the League of Nations (1933)

• Renounces Treaty of Versailles—begins rearmament (1935)

• Germany starts draft; establishes Luftwaffe (1935)

Page 34: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Italy Invades Ethiopia (1935)

• What advantages did control of Ethiopia offer to Italy?• What was Mussolini’s goal for Italy?

Haile Salassie

Page 35: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Germany Invades Rhineland (3/7/1936)

• Rhine: DMZ b/n Germany and France– Gave French access to Ruhr Valley: heartland of German industry– Why were the French so reluctant to respond?

Page 36: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)

• Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)• Anti-Comintern Pact: Germany, Italy, Japan• Formal Military Alliance: Axis Powers (1940)

– Germany, Italy, Japan

Page 37: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Question Prompts: U.S. Isolationism

• The U.S. Congress passed the Neutrality Act of 1935…what did it say?

• How did the Neutrality Act of 1939 differ?• The U.S. also put in place a policy of Cash-and-Carry.

What was cash-and-carry? Why might American politicians have believed this policy would limit the chance of America getting drawn into war (WWI)?

• Why do you believe many in the American government hoped to remain neutral in the lead up to WWII? How was this similar to WWI?

Page 38: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

US Neutrality Acts: 1935; 1937; 1939

• Nye Committee: huge profits by arms factories in WWI• Neutrality Acts: ban sale on arms to warring nations…why?

– Hope to remain out of the War in Europe

• Cash and Carry: non-military items (cash/pick up goods)

Page 39: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Europe…On the Brink of World War

Page 40: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

Fascist Leader, Francisco Franco, leads Nationalist Party in Civil War against the “Popular Front,” in Spain…Hitler and Mussolini send aid to Franco seeing it as an opportunity to spread their influence and test their militaries

Page 41: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Spanish Civil WarA Dress Rehearsal for WWII

• Italian Troops in Madrid

Page 42: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Japanese Invasion of China (1937)

Rape of Nanking

Page 43: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Austrian Anschluss

• Forced unification of Austria and Germany

• Hitler’s Goal: unify all German speaking people

Page 44: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

The Problem of the Sudetenland

• Area of Czechoslovakia with a lg. German population• FR, GB, USSR pledge aid to Czechs if attacked

Page 45: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

The Munich Agreement (Sept. 1938)

• Meeting of reps. from GB, FR, IT, GM to discuss Sudetenland, Czech.

• Appeasement– GB/FR give in to German

demands– Leave Czechs hanging…

hand over Sudetenland to Hitler

• Italy invades AlbaniaBritish PM: Neville Chamberlain“Now we have secured peace in our time. Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.” Video Clip: Neville Chamberlain

Page 46: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Czechoslovakia Enters the Third Reich (March 1939)

Page 47: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

April 1939: Hitler’s 50th Birthday Present…The Eagle’s Nest

Euro-Trip 2012 Photos

Page 48: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Europe: 1939

Page 49: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Japan: 1939

Page 50: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact: (Aug. 1939)

• Temporary non-aggress. Agreement b/n Hitler & Stalin…Why?

• Includes secret deal to divide Poland b/n GM and USSR

Page 51: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

WWII Begins

Page 52: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

World War II Begins (Sept.1939)

• Germany invades Poland (9/1/1939)

• France and England declare war on Germany (9/3/1939)

Page 53: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

German Advances: Sep. 1939

Page 54: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

“Spineless Leaders of Democracy”

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Impact of the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

• USSR goes on the offensive (Oct. 1939)– Annex Estonia/Latvia

(ultimatums)– Invade Lithuania– Invade Finland (Nov.

1939)

• Why did they do this?

Page 56: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Blitzkrieg!• Why do defenses blitz

quarterbacks in football?

• If “Krieg” is German for war, what is meant by blitzkrieg?– “Lightning War”– German military strategy:

fast/flexible

• How would a military employ blitzkrieg?• Armor concentrations/ utilization

of tanks; mass air support; paratroopers; radio

Page 57: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Go To WWII Map PowerPoint

Up to Dunkirk

Page 58: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

WWII in Europe--1940• Germans Preparing

for Invasion of France– Start: Invasion from

Holland to Belgium (5/10/1940)

• Dutch bombed into submission; 100,000 killed

• Belgium overtaken within a few days

Page 59: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Battle of Dunkirk (May 1940)• Battle of Dunkirk

– German Surprise move thru Ardennes Forest (Belgium/French Border)

– British/French forces trapped at Port of Dunkirk (Belgium)

– Operation Dynamo (May 26-June 4, 1940): Mass Retreat

• 887 ships (including civilian ships) save 338,226 Brits• Brits lose 95,000 rifles; 7500 tons of ammo

– Significance: • Opened door for Hitler to invade France and gain

control of “Continental, W. Europe”• Mass Evacuation Allowed Brits to fight another day.

Page 60: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

“Miracle at Dunkirk”

DateTroops evacuated from beaches

Troops evacuated from Dunkirk Harbour

Total

27 May - 7,669 7,669

28 May 5,930 11,874 17,804

29 May 13,752 33,558 47,310

30 May 29,512 24,311 53,823

31 May 22,942 45,072 68,014

1 June 17,348 47,081 64,429

2 June 6,695 19,561 26,256

3 June 1,870 24,876 26,746

4 June 622 25,553 26,175

Totals 98,780 239,446 338,226

Page 61: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Fall of France: June 1940• France falls extremely fast…Why?

– French forces wasted at Maginot Line; not mobile

• June 3, 1940: Air raids begin on Paris– 2000 tanks move on capitol

• Paris falls June 14, 1940• France surrenders June 22, 1940

– Nazi’s set up puppet regime led by Marshal Philippe Petain; Vichy French

• Significance: – Hitler almost total control of W. Europe.

Page 62: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Go to WWII Maps

Up to Battle of Brit.

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Hitler’s Next Quest?

Winston Churchill--Speech to the RAF (Battle of Britain)

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Winston Churchill: “We Shall Never Surrender!”

• “Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.”

—Winston Churchill; June 4, 1940…following Oper. Dynamo

Page 65: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Battle of Britain (July-Oct. 1940)• New Sheriff in Town: Winston Churchill

(Brit PM)– Vows Britain will NEVER surrender– British Royal Air Force (RAF) all that stands

between Nazi’s and control of W. Europe

• German Attack: Operation Sea Lion– Eliminate RAF; open Britain for invasion

• Battle for control of the air– Hitler abandons bombing of strategic military sights (RAF

& airfields)– Targets civilian populations…big mistake– 30,000 Londoners killed; RAF loses 900 aircraft– Luftwaffe loses over 1700 aircraft

Page 66: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Battle of Britain (July-Oct. 1940)• Hitler abandons invasion of

Britain (10/1940)• Significance:

– Use of Radar• Germans bomb at night (less

efficient)

– First Major German Defeat– Morale Boost for Brits– Pushed Americans to assist

with Brit. plight

Page 67: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Go to WWII Maps

Progress up thru Operation Barbarossa

Page 68: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Analogy

• Analogies, Similes, Metaphors: Comparison of two items that may not necessarily be related– Simile: expressed analogy (uses like or as)– Metaphor: implied analogy

• Example: Britain in 1940 was like a boxer against the ropes.

Page 69: Good Neighbor Policy Was the United States a “Good Neighbor” toward Latin America in the 1930s? – Step 1: With your group members complete your assigned.

Pocket Analogy Book

• Working with your neighbor:– Come up with an analogy for Britain’s position in

WWII in October 1940. Provide 3 supporting pieces of evidence for your analogy.

– Come up with an analogy for the German war machine in October 1940. Provide 3 supporting pieces of evidence.