Good morning!

• Write today’s word and its definition on your new vocabulary sheet, and then get out materials to take some grammar notes. (You don’t need to write today’s vocab. sentence yet.)

Phrase vs. Clause

•Clause: a group of words with both a subject and a verb

•Phrase: a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb

Types of Clauses

• Independent Clause (I.C.)

a group of words with both a subject and verb that can stand alone as a sentence

Examples: I like pizza.

I have a dog.

Robert runs fast.

Types of Clauses continued…Dependent Clause, also called Subordinate Clause (D.C.)

a group of words with both a subject and verb that cannot stand alone as a sentence

Examples:

• When I grow up• Because I like

gravy• If we win the lottery• Since it is raining• After we came

home• Although he is my

friend

• Whenever Sam calls• Before you go home• Unless we win the

game• While you eat dinner• Wherever we drive• Anywhere he stands

Types of Sentences

• Simple = I.C.Examples:

We went outside.

I passed English.

The puppy is sleeping.

Types of Sentences continued…

• Compound = I.C. + I.C. Examples:

We went outside, and the sun was shining.

I passed English; I studied so hard.

• The independent clauses must be joined either by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or by a semicolon.

Types of Sentences continued…

• Complex = I.C. + D.C.

Examples:I passed English since I studied very diligently.

Because the sun was shining, we went outside.

*When the dependent clause comes first, it must be followed by a comma.

*You don’t need a comma when you write the dependent clause last.

Types of Sentences continued…

• Compound-Complex = I.C. + I.C. + D.C.

Examples:We went outside, and it was a beautiful day because the rain had stopped.

We went outside because the rain had stopped, for it was a beautiful day.

Because the rain had stopped, we went outside; it was a beautiful day.

Create Your Own(yes you can use your notes today)• 2 compound-complex sentences• Identify

– Verb– Subject– I.C. (x2)– D.C.– Circle the word that makes D.C the dependant clause– In the I.C. clauses identify what makes it compound

My sentences

i.c. i.c.

I went to the store, and I bought bread and

d.c.

peanut butter because my kids like it.

What type of sentence is this?

• Last night the puppy was sleeping on a rug under the stairs with her mother happily snoozing by her side.

What Type of Sentence is This?Simple!!

S V

Last night the puppy was sleeping on a rug under the stairs with her mother happily snoozing by her side.

What type of sentence is this?

We went outside; the sun was shining brightly because the clouds had moved out of the way.

Compound-complex

S V= i.c. S V= i.c.

We went outside; the sun was

shining brightly because the

S V= d.c

clouds had moved out of the way. (i.c+i.c.+d.c.)

Participles• A participle is a verb form that acts as an

adjective. It describes a noun or a pronoun.– the sleeping child– a flying bugYou may think of sleeping as an action—or verb–

but here it is used to describe the child—so it is used like an adjective.

• A participial phrase is a phrase with the participle and its modifiers (what it modifies) and complements.

Dancing crazily, the flowerflower girl made every member of the wedding party laugh.

Present Participle = a participle with a present tense verb

• Misplaced or dangling participle: the participial phrase modifies the wrong object.– Drifting gently to the ground, Jordan was

overwhelmed by the beauty of the snow.

• Corrected:– Drifting gently to the ground, the snow was

overwhelmingly beautiful to Jordan.

Past Participles

• Our repaired window shows no sign of the rock that crashed through it.

• A hush fell on the crowd as the injured player was carted off the field.

• The polluted bay cannot sustain any marine life.

• A watched pot never boils, but the liquid inside it does.

Find the Past Participial Phrase

• My brother, known to everyone at school as a math whiz, became an engineer.

• Concerned about her home, the elderly woman refused to leave it when the storm blew through.

• Published in 2006, Twilight has been an extraordinary success in the world of popular fiction.

• My cousin, excited to begin skiing, jumped from the lift and fell right on his face.

All of the following sentences are correct; which might have the strongest impact on a reader?

• My new dress, splashed with yellow paint, was ruined.

• Splashed with yellow paint, my new dress was ruined.

• My new dress was ruined, splashed with yellow paint.